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High-performance midinfrared quantum cascade lasers

SPIE Reviews 2010年第1期1卷

作者： Capasso, Federico Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Cambridge MA 02138 United States

The design and operating principles of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are reviewed along with recent developments in high-power cw and broadband devices. Cw power levels of several watts at room temperature have been achieved at 4.6-μm wavelength;broadband single-mode tuning (≈400 cm-1) has been achieved using an external-cavity QCL with a grating as a tuning element. An alternative approach, consisting of a monolithically integrated array of single-mode QCLs individually current-driven by a microcontroller, has led to broadband single-mode tuning over a range of 200 cm-1 without requiring the use of moving parts. This spectrometer on a chip holds promise for high-brightness compact trace-gas sensors capable of operating in harsh environments. © 2010 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： Quantum cascade lasers

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optical design dependence on technology development

Optical design dependence on technology development

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Time and Frequency Metrology ii

作者： Neil, Iain A. ScotOptix Via Miravalle 25A CH-6900 Massagno TI Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477217

Specific developments in optical technology over the past thirty years including refractive materials, thin film coatings and surface profiles will be discussed. A large variety of optical designs which depend on some of these developments will be described. The optical design examples presented will cover the infrared, visible, ultraviolet and combinations of these wavebands. A novel multi-waveband optical system that utilizes many of these developments will be illustrated in several possible configurations to meet different application requirements. A summary of the technologies employed in all of the optical design examples will indicate whether or not there may be trends in optical technology development. The optical design examples will be taken from issued Patents or published Patent applications and hence their optical prescriptions will be available for detailed analysis. © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Coatings

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Exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correction in axis-symmetric optical systems

Exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correc...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Hristov, B.A. Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information Bulgarian Academy of Sciences P.O.Box 95 Sofia 1113 Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

We derive and investigate an exact analytical paraxial longitudinal chromatic function for axis-symmetric optical systems. We prove the existence of two conjugate pairs of achromatic points in the object and image space of every centered optical system (in general they are two, but in some cases they can be missing or their number can be one or infinite-dimensional) and derive formulae for determination of their position in object and image spaces. On the base of this function we develop an exact analytical design method for paraxial chromatic correction in axis-symmetric optical systems. In addition we show some examples. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical design

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Thinking outside the barrel: What really matters in modern photographic lens design

Thinking outside the barrel: What really matters in modern p...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Rockwell, Ken *** Post Office Box 8778 San Diego CA 92038-8778 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Because optical performance has increased so far with modern design software and aspherical manufacturing processes, optical performance is now the least important factor in modern photographic lens design. Far more important are ergonomic (usability) and systems-integration factors which determine a lens' acceptance by photographers, and ultimately, its commercial success. Common SLR cameras tend to have the most advanced systems and features, so they tend to be the focus of this paper simply because they offer the most to discuss. Inside-the-barrel optics and other design considerations have been covered in SPIE paper 7428-3. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Finding order in the design landscape of simple optical systems

Finding order in the design landscape of simple optical syst...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Van Grol, P. Bociort, F. Van Turnhout, M. Delft University of Technology Optics Research Group Lorentzweg 1 NL - 2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Contrary to the frequent tacit assumption that the local minima of a merit function are points scattered more or less randomly over the design landscape, we have found that, at least for simple imaging systems (doublets with three and triplets with five variables) all design shapes we have observed thus far form a strictly ordered set of points, the "fundamental network". The design shapes obtained for practical specifications with global optimization algorithms are a subset of the set of local minima in the fundamental network and are organized in a way that can be understood on the basis of the fundamental network. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Global optimization

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Practical design considerations for modern photographic optics

Practical design considerations for modern photographic opti...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Rockwell, Ken *** Post Office Box 8778 San Diego CA 92038-8778 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

In the 1950s, cameras and lenses didn't communicate. optical bench tests were sufficient to characterize lens performance completely. Today, optics are only one small factor in the much larger electro-optical systems which are today's cameras. Bench performance alone isn't enough. For a lens to be useful it must work in concert with modern cameras' focus, exposure and data systems. This paper explores these numerous issues and their influences on lens design. Outside-the-barrel ergonomic and systems issues are covered in SPIE paper 7428-19. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Cameras

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design method of secondary optical element for LED applications

Design method of secondary optical element for LED applicati...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Chen, Yi-Yung Whang, Allen Jong-Woei Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan Photonics System Simulation and Design Laboratory Department of Electro-Optical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology #43 Sec. 4 Keelung Rd. Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Light Emitting Diode, LED, has many advantages in many lighting applications, such as general illumination, street light, and auto lamp. In general, each application needs to do secondary optical design for its specific request. A secondary optical element can be separated into refractive and reflective part. In this paper, we present a design procedure of secondary optical design with intensity distribution of LED and sequential ray tracing. The method suits the both designs of refractive and reflective parts. In the first process, we integrate the series function of intensity distribution in spherical coordinate with a range of solid angle. In the second process, we calculate the redistribution parameters of luminous flux by the geometric parameters of LED, element, and detector. In the final process, we use ray tracing method to design the optical element by aspheric surface. The surface of the refractive part in secondary optical element could be Fresnel surface for reducing the thickness of element. For proving the design procedure, we design a secondary optical element of LED by this method with an illumination request. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Photometrically corrected holographic lens

Photometrically corrected holographic lens

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Suarez-Romero, J.G. Salas-Zuñiga, R. Instituto Tecnologico de Queretaro Tecnologico Y Escobedo Queretaro Qro 76000 Mexico Centro de Ingenieria YTecnologia S. C. Retablo 118B La Era Queretaro Qro 76150 Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

optical detectors for illumination measurements have the known photopic response V(λ), which is implemented with the help of colored glass filters attached to silicon detectors. In the case of high precision photometry the filter of each detector is hand prepared and the spectral response measured until it is matched to the function V(λ). This method takes a long time and the precision is limited. In this work we propose an optical method to implement holographic lens with predefined spectral selection, this method permits to make the optical design of the hologram when the spectral response of the silicon detector is known. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical design

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Point symmetric design approach to a wide-field, wide-wavelength cat's eye retro-reflector anastigmat

Point symmetric design approach to a wide-field, wide-wavele...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Liepmann, Till W. Optical Telescope Element Systems Engineering James Webb Space Telescope Northrop Grumman Redondo Beach CA 90278 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

A point symmetric design approach for creating a practical cat's eye retro-reflector (CERR) anastigmat lens with a wide field of regard (FOR), uniform reflectance and wide wavelength range is described. An anastigmat design is presented that demonstrates the performance capability of the design approach. The lens design is diffraction limited in double pass at F/3, has a "working distance" between lens and reflector, wide wavelength range of operation, and uniform reflectivity over a 120 deg FOR. An anastigmat fabricated from the design is presented;however, the design approach is generally useful for any application requiring a high performance retro-reflector. The design uses only spherical surfaces, thereby avoiding the fabrication expense of aspheric surfaces. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： Reflection

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Calculation of optical forces on a dielectric bead in a geometrically aberrated trap

Calculation of optical forces on a dielectric bead in a geom...

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SPIE optical engineering + Applications

作者： Carnicer, Artur Garnier, Denis Bosch, Salvador Juvells, Ignasi Universitat de Barcelona Departament de Física Aplicada I Òptica Martí Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477187

Micron-sized particles can be trapped by means of a highly focused beam;light is concentrated in a tiny spot using a high numerical aperture objective. In this communication we describe a numerical tool we have developed for obtaining the force exerted by a beam on a spherical dielectric particle in realistic conditions. The system (a water immersion microscope objective) is simulated using an optical system design software that provides the required information to feed the application. The calculation of the force is carried out using the ray-optics (Mie) approach. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering.

关键词： optical tweezers

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