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design of the net data information acquisition for electric energy meter

Design of the net data information acquisition for electric ...

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4th International Symposium on Precision Mechanical Measurements

作者： Bao, Yujun Qian, Xianyi Jiang, Xiaoyan School of Electronic Information and Electric Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology Changzhou 213002 China

With the constant improvement of the Internet, Net data information acquisition of electric energy meter could be turned into reality. Based on the current electric energy meter, it could be remote controlled by adding internetwork communication module. With the well-functioned ARM kernel microprocessor being its core, the overall system of electric energy meter is managed by μC/OS-ii operating system. Electric energy data could be measured and processed by adding proper hardware and software on the basis of ordinary electric energy meter, so that it could also be communicated over Ethernet. The whole Net electric energy meter is noted not only for its low cost, high stability and reliability, but also for its high practical value. Thus, a large-scale popularization and application of it will surely makes the national measure management of electric energy improve greatly. © 2008 SPIE.

关键词： Ethernet

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current and future facility instruments at the Gemini observatory

Current and future facility instruments at the Gemini observ...

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Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy ii

作者： Jensen, Joseph B. Kleinman, Scot J. Simons, Douglas A. Lazo, Manuel Rigaut, François White, John K. Gemini Observatory 670 N. A'ohoku Place Hilo HI 96720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472243

At the present time, several new Gemini instruments are being delivered and commissioned. The Near-Infrared Coronagraph has been extensively tested and commissioned on the Gemini-South telescope, and will soon begin a large survey to discover extrasolar planets. The FLAMINGOS-2 near-IR multi-object spectrograph is nearing completion at the University of Florida, and is expected to be delivered to Gemini-South by the end of 2008. Gemini's Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics bench has been successfully integrated and tested in the lab, and now awaits integration with the laser system and the Gemini-South AO Imager on the telescope. We also describe our efforts to repair thermal damage to the Gemini Near-IR Spectrograph that occurred last year. Since the last update, progress has been made on several of Gemini's next generation of ambitious "Aspen" instruments. The Gemini Planet Imager is now in the final design phase, and construction is scheduled to begin shortly. Two competitive conceptual design studies for the Wide-Field Fiber Multi-Object Spectrometer have now started. The Mauna Kea ground layer monitoring campaign has collected data for well over a year in support of the planning process for a future Ground Layer Adaptive Optics system.

关键词： Infrared devices

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Conceptual design of IR multi-IFU spectrograph with MOAOd

Conceptual design of IR multi-IFU spectrograph with MOAOd

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Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy ii

作者： Tomono, Daigo Gæssler, Wolfgang Nishimura, Tetsuo Subaru Telescope National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 650 North Aohoku Place Hilo HI 96720 United States Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy Kœnigstuhl 17 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472243

To study properties of cold dark matter (CDM), which can only be observed through its gravitational interaction with galaxies, spatially resolved spectra at least to the K-band are desirable. We started designing a spectrograph which observes multiple targets spatially resolved in a telescope field of view fed with multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO). The current design either places field lenses on the telescope field of view to image the pupil onto steering mirrors, or uses a single set of field lens to deliver beams to pick-off arms. The steering mirror on the pupil image tilts and selects a sub-field from each of the telescope field of view physically split by the field lenses. This allows cheaper and more robust construction of a method to select the target field with a limitationin selections of the target fields. On the other hand, the pick-off arm implementation allows more flexibility in assigning targets to fields of the integral field units spatial elements of each of sub-field of view to be fed into the spectrograph. If enough pixels are afforded, using microlens arrays, which image pupils of spatial elements onto the object plane of the spectrograph is ideal in robustness. Otherwise, an image slicer is to be located to arrange the sub-field of view onto the entrance slit. The instrument should bebuilt as modules to allow expeditious scientific results.

关键词： Infrared spectroscopy

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Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding of chromium -plated steel tubular components utilizing arc voltage monitoring techniques

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding of chromium -p...

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作者： Phillips, David H. The Ohio State University

学位级别：Ph.D.

Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding is a forge welding technique which generates uniform heating at the joint through rapid rotation of an arc. This rotation results from forces imposed on the arc by an external magnetic field. MIAB welding is used extensively in Europe, but seldom utilized in the United States. The MIAB equipment is robust and relatively simple in design, and requires low upset pressures compared to processes like Friction welding. In the automotive industry, tubular construction offers many advantages due to the rigidity, light weight, and materials savings that tubes provide. In the case of automotive suspension components, tubes may be chromium-plated on the ID to reduce the erosive effects of a special damping fluid. Welding these tubes using the MIAB welding process offers unique technical challenges, but with potential for significant cost reduction vs. other welding options such as Friction welding. Based on published literature, this research project represented the first attempt to MIAB weld chromium-plated steel tubes, and to utilize voltage monitoring techniques to assess weld quality. optical and SEM microscopy, tensile testing, and an ID bend test technique were all used to assess the integrity of the MIAB weldments. This analysis revealed the potential for chromium-enriched regions, most likely chromium oxides, to become trapped at the weld interface resulting in severe degradation of mechanical properties. Voltage plots generated during the arc monitoring were analyzed and correlated with design of Experiment (DOE) statistical results and high speed video images. The DOE results revealed the individual and interactive importance of arc heating (referred to as level ii) time, expulsion (referred to as level iiI) current, and arc gap on weld quality. Correlations were established between specific features of the arc voltage plots and weld quality. Based on arc physics theory, it was proposed that these three variables affecte

关键词： engineering Materials Science MIAB Welding Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding Magnetarc Welding

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幾丁聚醣、硫酸軟骨素與麩胺酸複合生醫基材之製程探討、性質改良與應用

幾丁聚醣、硫酸軟骨素與麩胺酸複合生醫基材之製程探討、性質改良...

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作者：苑乃義臺灣大學

学位级别：博士

在组织工程研究中，所使用的基材通常须符合基本的要求例如高孔隙度、适当的孔洞大小分布、适合的机械强度与良好的细胞相容性等等。而新型生医材料的发展则是针对特殊的功能和需求进行设计和制造，其趋势乃是结合不同的材料制成复合材... 详细信息

在组织工程研究中，所使用的基材通常须符合基本的要求例如高孔隙度、适当的孔洞大小分布、适合的机械强度与良好的细胞相容性等等。而新型生医材料的发展则是针对特殊的功能和需求进行设计和制造，其趋势乃是结合不同的材料制成复合材料 (composite)，以改善的单一材料的不足。因此，本研究着眼於多孔性的基材制备方法改进与新型复合材料的发展，并进行复合基材的性质测定与细胞的相容性测詴及功能分析。在第一部分的研究中，比较了快速降温 (FC) 或缓慢降温 (SC) 的模式对於以冷冻凝胶法制备多孔状基材所产生的影响，共制备几丁聚醣 (CH)、褐藻胶 (AL) 与羧甲基纤维素 (CMC) 等多醣分子的基材。在FC或SC降温过程中，先测量了溶液的温度变化，之後测定基材机械性质及利用扫描式电子显微镜 (SEM) 与光学显微镜观察基材孔洞的分布。结果发现，过冷现象存在於冷冻过程中，而且采FC模式会诱导较大的温度梯度而使多醣溶液中的水产生非同步成核，造成冰晶方向性排列，进而让基材形成层状的孔洞结构，其孔洞大小较缓慢降温程序为大。改采缓慢降温的SC模式 (0.83 ºC/min) 则可於相同过冷温度下，诱导冰晶同步成核，进而形成等向性及大小较为均匀的孔洞形状与结构分布，孔洞的大小约为60-100 μm。而在基材机械性质的影响方面，以FC模式所制备的基材，其拉伸强度约为20 N/g，改采SC模式所制备之基材的拉伸强度可提高二至三倍 (达到约60 N/g)。这显示出不同降温模式不只会诱导基材生成不同的孔洞结构，还会进一步影响基材的机械性质，并且以SC模式制作的基材整体效能较佳。第二部分的研究的目的在於几丁聚醣、硫酸软骨素 (CS) 及麸胺酸 (Glu) 三成分复合基材的制备与特性之探讨。在配制溶液的过程中以EDC/NHS作为交联接合剂，并测定反应之後溶液的黏度、pH值等。待以冷冻凝胶法将溶液制备成基材後，测量了基材表面的接触角、内部的孔隙ii度、吸水能力与机械性质等，并以SEM观察基材的微结构。研究过程中发现溶液中的CH与CS分子之间离子作用力极强，於高浓度条件下极易发生沉淀。因此加入第三成分—麸胺酸 (Glu)，利用其分子上的羧酸基先行与CH进行反应，减少CH上质子化胺基的存在，以降低CH与CS之间的离子作用力，再以缓慢加入醋酸的方式减少其沉淀产生。由基材的拉伸强度与抗压缩强度之结果显示，少量添加CS增加了CH基材的拉伸强度。然而当CS含量较高时 (CH/CS单体莫耳比小於94/6)，反而不利於CH基材的机械强度。在加入Glu後，CH/CS基材 (莫耳比96/4) 的拉伸强度则会随所加入Glu的含量增加 (CH/CS/Glu莫耳比由96/4/0上升至96/4/16) 而上升 (由150 N/g增加至250 N/g)，抗压强度亦可由143.39 N增加至160.50 N。在接触角与吸水能力的测定结果显示，加入CS与Glu後，CH基材的接触角可由95º降低至50º (92/8/8) 并且吸水能力由15.32倍增加至21.34倍，显示基材的亲水性增加。此外本研究利用化学分析电子能谱仪 (ESCA) 对基材中的元素C、N、O与S进行X光光电子能谱测定，结果中显示纯几丁聚醣的帄均去乙醯化程度约为92%，而经过EDC/NHS的接合作用後，在CH/CS复合基材，会产生C=N共价键结 (N1S能谱)；且其比例在96/4的基材 (29.06%) 高於92/8组 (20.92%)，这说明少量的CS存在可增加CH/CS复合基材的共价交联比例与交联程度，进而增加基材的机械强度。此外，当CS含量较高，基材的磺酸基 (sulfonate，S2P能谱，可与水结合) 的绝对含量较高，使其亲水性较好，与DSC测定结果中束缚水 (bound water) 的波峰随CS含量增加向高温处帄移，以及基材的亲水性随CS含量增加而增加相符。在三成分复合基材 (CH/CS/Glu) 的N1S能谱测定结果中，C=N键结 (398.9 eV) 的比例均高於两成分系统 (CH/CS)，并且其S2P能谱测定结果显示，-SO4-的比例下降，显示加入Glu可有效的增加共价交联及减少CH与CS两成分之间的离子作用，这解释了为何在加入Glu後，基材机械强度高於两成分系统。此外CH/CS/Glu基材中的磺酸基部分亦大量增加，显示加iiI入Glu後可增加复合基材的亲水性，此结果与基材的亲水性测定相符合。而由基材之细胞相容性测定的结果中发现，CS的添加对不同形态细胞的贴附与增生具有不同的影响。少量的CS有助於类骨母细胞的增生。在添加Glu後，除了增进细胞增生外，根据osteocalcin和type I collagen的基因表现结果与钙离子含量的测定，发现亦可增进类骨母细胞的分化与矿化。综而言之，

关键词：幾丁聚醣硫酸軟骨素麩胺酸冷凍凝膠法複合材料組織工程類骨母細胞

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Mid Infrared Focal Plane Arrays with Nanoscale Quantum Dots and Superlattices

Mid Infrared Focal Plane Arrays with Nanoscale Quantum Dots ...

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IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology

作者： S. Krishna Center for High Technology Materials Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421039

Presently, the state of the art photon detectors for the mid wave infrared (MWIR, 3-5 mum) and long wave infrared (LWIR, 8-12 mum) are based on interband transitions in bulk indium antimonide (InSb) and HgCdTe alloys respectively. Two emerging technologies for next generation sensors that offer enhanced functionality include (i) intersubband detectors based on nanoscale quantum dots and (ii) interband transitions in the Type ii InAs/GaSb strain layer superlattice system. Infrared detectors based on InAs/GaSb strain layer superlattices (SLSs) appear as a promising alternative to the present-day infrared detection technologies. SLSs offer numerous advantages over existing detector technologies, including better uniformity, reduced tunneling currents, normal incidence absorption and suppressed Auger recombination. SLSs are characterized by the broken-gap type-ii alignment. Presently all SLSs detectors are based on a photodiode (p-i-n or n-i-p) design. During the conventional fabrication process of photodiodes, the deep etch through the absorbing region is utilized in order to define the optical area of the detector. Electronic surface states within the energy band gap of SLS are generated, resulting in large surface leakage currents. The suppression of these currents is the most demanding challenge for the SLS technology. We have recently fabricated a high performance InAs/GaSb SLS detector with a P on N polarity and a 320 times 256 MWIR FPA with a noise equivalent temperature difference of 24 mK at 77K. In the quantum dots in a well (DWELL) heterostructure, InAs quantum dots are placed in a thin InGaAs quantum well that is in turn placed in a GaAs matrix. Three-color DWELL detectors, operating at 78K, with spectral response in the MWIR (lambda p1 ~ 4 mum), LWIR (lambda p2 ~ 8 mum) and VLWIR (lambda p3 ~ 23 mum) regime have been fabricated in our group. Recently, we have fabricated the first long wave infrared and two-color quantum dot focal plane array (320times256

关键词： Detectors Quantum dots Photodiodes Superlattices Nanoscale devices Temperature measurement Dark current

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Scene-based sensor modeling using optical design software

Scene-based sensor modeling using optical design software

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering ViiI

作者： Fisher, John Brandywine Opt Inc Chester PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The traditional approach to optical system engineering separates the scene, optics, and detector as static entities, optimizing the design to meet subsystem specifications of aperture, field size, encircled energy, read noise, dynamic range, and other electro-optical properties. The Scene-Based Sensor Model (SBSM) represents a different approach by simulating the scene, optics and detector as a cohesive model using commercially available optical ray-tracing software. The objects are modeled as temporally changing entities, with characteristics including reflectance, absorbance, fluorescence, and scattering. Likewise, the detectors are modeled with their properties of temporal noise, spatial non-uniformity, nonlinear gain, and offset drift. The end-to-end simulation produces "photons-to-bits" analysis applicable to a variety of optical systems. First results are illustrated with ray tracing simulation of moving fluorescent objects and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

关键词： optical system design ray-tracing simulation sensor model FRED optical design software Matlab

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design and analysis of a diffractive astigmatic lens for DVD pickup

Design and analysis of a diffractive astigmatic lens for DVD...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering ViiI

作者： Chen, Wen-Jie Chen, Cheng-Huan Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn St Paul MN USA Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Power Mech Engn Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A refractive astigmatic lens is employed to generate a focus error signal (FES) for servo control in general optical pickup. In this paper, a diffractive optical element (DOE) is designed to implement optical functions of astigmatic focusing for a MEMS-based miniature optical pickup at 650nm wavelength. We present a diffractive astigmatic lens with its internal zones and external zones quantized into four, two phase levels, respectively based on fabrication consideration. The optical simulation based on scalar diffraction theory shows the efficiency of this quantized lens for astigmatic focusing and a comparison of the FES in the optical pickup system has been plotted.

关键词： DVD pickup astigmatic lens diffractive optical element focus error signal

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optical encoder based on a non diffractive beam

Optical encoder based on a non diffractive beam

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering ViiI

作者： Lutenberg, A. Perez Quintian, F. Rebollo, M. A. Univ Buenos Aires Fac Ingn Lab Aplicac Opt Av Paseo Colon 850 Buenos Aires DF Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Nowadays most industrial and laboratory motion measuring equipment makes use of optical encoders to measure rotation and linear displacements with sub-micrometrical resolution. In this work we introduce a new design of an optical encoder based on a non diffractive beam, a binary amplitude grating and a monolithic photodetector. Two theoretical models of the system are proposed and implemented to obtain numerical results. The performance of the design is also investigated through experimental measurements. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the models predictions.

关键词： metrology optical encoder sub-micrometric resolution non diffractive beam gratings

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Studies of the manufacturability of the HOE included in objective of BD/DVD combined optical pick-up head according to the objective lens glass type - art. no. 66670O

Studies of the manufacturability of the HOE included in obje...

引用

Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering ViiI

作者： Lisitsyna, N. V. Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ Moscow 105005 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The new combined optical pick-up head for recording and playback of information on DVD and BD format discs was developed. The same objective is used for both channels. It consists of the objective lens and Holographic optical Element. In this work we present the main results of the studies of the possibility to manufacture the HOE included in objective of BD/DVD combined optical pick-up head in the dependence on objective lens glass type.

关键词： optical data storage diffractive optics

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