optical fiber current sensors have certain privileges that the traditional sensors couldn't support. However, when the fiber is deployed, a large degree of linear birefringence is induced in the fiber. This induce...
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optical fiber current sensors have certain privileges that the traditional sensors couldn't support. However, when the fiber is deployed, a large degree of linear birefringence is induced in the fiber. This induced birefringence significantly reduces the sensitivity of the system and quenches the weak Faraday effect signal. We demonstrate that twisted the single mode fiber before it is annealed can largely eliminates the residual linear birefringence. It dramatically improves the possibility to employ the twisted single mode fiber that intrinsically had large residual linear birefringence for constructing an optical twisted electric current sensor. We design a new electric current sensor employing the twisted single mode optical fiber. This sensing system has been verified with good performance. The minimum detectable current was measured to be 1 A and the maximum measurable current up to 2kA with linearity lower than 0.1%, and dynamic range approaches 40 dB. Because of the advantages of high sensitivity, considerable wide dynamic range, and free from electric shock, this novel optic electric current sensor may open a new era in the applications of the electric power system.
Data rates above 250 MBit/s via polymer optical fiber (POF) require specially designed light emitting diode (LED) chips. Because of the absorption minimum of the POF, the red wavelength region around 650 nm is of spec...
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Data rates above 250 MBit/s via polymer optical fiber (POF) require specially designed light emitting diode (LED) chips. Because of the absorption minimum of the POF, the red wavelength region around 650 nm is of special interest. LED chips in this region comprise active regions out of the AlGaInP material system. To achieve low rise and fall times in the optical output, the current density has to be increased to levels about 400A/cm2. Hence the chip design needs ways to confine the current injection to a region significantly smaller than the chip itself. Conventional methods use epitaxially grown layers to ensure the lateral current spreading over the active region. But to confine the current to this region, the current spreading has to be eliminated locally. Typically, this is achieved by ion-implantation, mesa etching or selective oxidation of an AlGaAs layer of high Al-content. In this paper we present a new, planar, and very cost effective chip design for data rates around 250 MBit/s. No current spreading layer is included in the epitaxial growth, but is supplied during chip process using a transparent conductive oxide. optical power around 2 mW at 20 mA without epoxy encapsulation, and rise and fall times around 2.5 ns have been reached.
Although optics is a common area of activity among professional physicists and engineers, the subject itself is typically not a significant component of Bachelor degrees in physics or engineering. Consequently, large ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819455938
Although optics is a common area of activity among professional physicists and engineers, the subject itself is typically not a significant component of Bachelor degrees in physics or engineering. Consequently, large numbers of scientists and engineers find themselves working in the field of optics without formal education in the subject. Although such education would often prove valuable to them, it is not conveniently available via conventional full-time courses. Another group of persons includes those who are not working in an optics-related field, but would like to be, and yet cannot contemplate the cost and dislocation associated with a conventional full-time Masters course. For both these groups, a flexible Masters course in optics by distance- learning could be appropriate. It is for these reasons that interest has arisen recently in such forms of optics education. This paper describes a flexible distance-learnin a model for postgraduate education in optics that has been implemented at the University of Reading, England, where there has been a full-time optics Masters course in Applied and Modern Optics for almost 40 years. The model is modular and credit-based, and includes various levels of qualification from CPD to Masters. A distance-learning module on opticaldesign is discussed as an example, and it is hoped to make this module freely available on-line via the internet to delegates at this conference for them to explore in their own time. The importance of choosing optical-design case studies appropriate to this learning style is discussed. The problem of lab work within a distance-learning optics course is described, and current and possible future solutions are discussed.
This paper investigates internal physical mechanisms that have thus far prevented current-injected InGaN/GaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from lasing. Advanced device simulation is applied to a rea...
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This paper investigates internal physical mechanisms that have thus far prevented current-injected InGaN/GaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) from lasing. Advanced device simulation is applied to a realistic VCSEL design. Several obstacles to lasing are identified, including current leakage, lateral carrier non-uniformity, and self-heating during pulsed operation.
By using of polarization spectrum, a laser frequency stabilization system for Cr atom lithography was designed. In order to eliminate the noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a Lock-in amplifier was used. Calc...
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By using of polarization spectrum, a laser frequency stabilization system for Cr atom lithography was designed. In order to eliminate the noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, a Lock-in amplifier was used. Calculation shows that the frequency discrimination signal is a purely dispersive signal. The energy sublevel distributions of Cr atom, which are important for frequency discrimination signal as the designed system would be used for Cr atom lithography, were also discussed. The nuclear magnetic torque of Cr atom is zero, which in turn has no influence on the energy level of Cr atom. Calculation shows that several other factors, such as the isotopes and the earth magnetic field, had little influence on the energy level of Cr atom, indicating that they could be ignored in the current experimental system. Some factors which will influence the line width and the linearity of the discrimination signal are also discussed.
design, fabrication, and characterization of high-performance AlxGal-xN-based photodetectors for solar-blind applications are reported. AlxGal-xN heterostructures were designed for Schottky, p-i-n, and metal-semicondu...
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design, fabrication, and characterization of high-performance AlxGal-xN-based photodetectors for solar-blind applications are reported. AlxGal-xN heterostructures were designed for Schottky, p-i-n, and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes. The resulting solar-blind AlGaN detectors exhibited low dark current, high detectivity, and high bandwidth.
Recently, fiber-optic current sensor technology has reached a degree of maturity to compete with conventional instrument transformers. However, it has not been commercialized until quite recently because of a few inst...
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Recently, fiber-optic current sensor technology has reached a degree of maturity to compete with conventional instrument transformers. However, it has not been commercialized until quite recently because of a few instability issues, such as linear birefringence effect in the fiber-optic sensor coil and intensity noises caused by optical light sources and components. In this paper, we report on research efforts we performed to address these issues. Firstly we used different optical sources, such as an ASE source, a F-P multimode LD, and a DFB singlemode LD, to compare the effects by the light sources. Also we used different optical fibers, such as flint glass fiber, with different reflection mirrors. From the experimental results, we obtained output variation down to 1% in the presence of mechanical disturbances and the broadband source showed the best noise characteristics about 13-23 dB better than LDs. The details of the experiments with other design parameters are also presented.
Lenticular lens arrays are widely used in the printed display industry and in specialized applications of electronic displays. In general, lenticular arrays can create from interlaced printed images such visual effect...
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Lenticular lens arrays are widely used in the printed display industry and in specialized applications of electronic displays. In general, lenticular arrays can create from interlaced printed images such visual effects as 3-D, animation, flips, morph, zoom, or various combinations. The use of these typically cylindrical lens arrays for this purpose began in the late 1920's. The lenses comprise a front surface having a spherical cross-section and a flat rear surface upon where the material to be displayed is proximately located. The principal limitation to the resultant image quality for current technology lenticular lenses is spherical aberration. This limitation causes the lenticular lens arrays to be generally thick (0.5 mm) and not easily wrapped around such items as cans or bottles. The objectives of this research effort were to develop a realistic analytical model, to significantly improve the image quality, to develop the tooling necessary to fabricate lenticular lens array extrusion cylinders, and to develop enhanced fabrication technology for the extrusion cylinder. It was determined that the most viable cross-sectional shape for the lenticular lenses is elliptical. This shape dramatically improves the image quality. The relationship between the lens radius, conic constant, material refractive index, and thickness will be discussed. A significant challenge was to fabricate a diamond-cutting tool having the proper elliptical shape. Both true elliptical and pseudo-elliptical diamond tools were designed and fabricated. The plastic sheets extruded can be quite thin (<0.25 mm) and, consequently, can be wrapped around cans and the like. Fabrication of the lenticular engraved extrusion cylinder required remarkable development considering the large physical size and weight of the cylinder, and the tight mechanical tolerances associated with the lenticular lens molds cut into the cylinder's surface. The development of the cutting tool and the lenticular engraved extr
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continues to provide spectacular views into the universe. Its findings have profoundly affected mankind's view of itself by revealing to scientist and layperson alike many previous...
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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continues to provide spectacular views into the universe. Its findings have profoundly affected mankind's view of itself by revealing to scientist and layperson alike many previously unimaginable discoveries. These result from the technical capability of HST. This 2.4-meter aperture diameter telescope includes imaging, spectroscopic, as well as limited coronagraphic instrumentation. current plans (as of 2/8/2005) are to operate HST until later this decade, without servicing, and then deorbit it in a controlled manner early next decade. Cost effective, 2.4 meter, near term replacements for HST are under study as part of the NASA sponsored Origin Probe studies. TPF-C, scheduled for launch in mid-next decade, will develop the large mirror technology that could enable a next generation UV/optical/NIR facility. The next generation facility would be a very large aperture collector telescope with wide field of view (FOV) imagery, precise wavefront control, and high ultraviolet efficiency. The facility would provide spectroscopic capability in addition to imagery. This paper will explore design trades and configurations applicable to a future expanded HST.
The direct optical detection of Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars is the goal of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I). At infrared wavelengths between about 7 and 17 μm, spectral absorption fea...
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The direct optical detection of Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars is the goal of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I). At infrared wavelengths between about 7 and 17 μm, spectral absorption features in the thermal emission of such planets may indicate the presence of chemical compounds thought necessary for the existence of life. To perform nulling interferometry at these relatively long wavelengths, a long baseline telescope array is needed with an overall length between about 30 m and 200 m. The current flight design effort is concentrated on the dual chopped Bracewell architecture but the design of the flight instrument is to a large degree independent of the exact array layout. Four 4 m diameter telescopes employing a conventional three-mirror design collect the light from the star and a series of sensors and actuators direct the light to a separate beamcombiner spacecraft where a number of beam control actions take place prior to the science light detection. This paper describes the opto-mechanical systems of the telescopes and beamcombiner spacecraft including the wavefront and optical path control devices and the alignment systems. The opto-mechanical layouts of the spacecraft are outlined along with the results from preliminary thermal and vibration performance models of the structure. The layout of the beamtrain control system is also described.
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