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Full vectorial, ultrashort unidirectional pulse propagators

Full vectorial, ultrashort unidirectional pulse propagators

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Technologies for optical Countermeasures ii;Femtosecond Phenomena ii;and Passive Millimetre-Wave and Terahertz Imaging ii

作者： Moloney, J.V. Kolesik, M. Department of Mathematics and Optical Arizona Center for Mathematical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson 85721

Rapid progress in recent years in the development of high power ultrashort pulse laser systems has opened up a whole new vista of applications and computational challenges. Amongst those applications that are most challenging from a computational point of view are those involving explosive critical self-focusing with concomitant explosive growth in the generated light spectrum. Moreover, new experimental developments in the field of extreme nonlinear optics will require more rigorous propagation models beyond those existing in the current literature. Specific applications areas chosen for illustration in this paper include atmospheric light string propagation and nonlinear self-trapping in condensed media. These examples exhibit rather different aspects of intense femtosecond pulse propagation and demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the unidirectional Maxwell propagator. A novel aspect of our approach is that the pulse propagator is designed to faithfully capture the light-material interaction over the broad spectral landscape of relevance to the interaction. Moreover the model provides a seamless and physically self-consistent means of deriving the many ultrashort pulse propagation equations presented in the literature.

关键词： Light propagation

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optical simulator and testbed for spacecraft star tracker development

Optical simulator and testbed for spacecraft star tracker de...

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optical Modeling and Performance Predictions ii

作者： Boone, B.G. Bruzzi, J.R. Dellinger, W.F. Kluga, B.E. Strohbehn, K.M. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd. Laurel MD 20723-6099

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) is currently developing a prototype star scanner design incorporating a variation on the V-slit design concept, called the N-slit, which is intended for deployment on future NASA spacecraft missions, such as the Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP). In order to effectively test and evaluate alternative designs, including optics, sensors, and tracking algorithms, we have developed a laboratory testbed that simulates celestial objects, including stars down to a specified magnitude. We do this by creating a light-hermetic dome-shaped projection environment using light emitting diodes of specified brightness coupled to the dome exterior via fiber-optic patch cords, which can be adjusted by current bias and selected for color, if necessary, to simulate stars over a particular range of magnitudes required for the desired system accuracy. We also simulate the spacecraft platform spin dynamics using a two-axis servo-actuated mount for the star tracker test unit within the dome. This same actuator or a similar assembly can then be transitioned to actual field tests for sensor down-select and full functionality demonstrations prior to follow-on spacecraft-qualified design. We will describe the design, construction, calibration, and operation of this simulator and preliminary results of star scanner sensor evaluation using a photomultiplier-based N-slit sensor.

关键词： optical systems

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design/analysis of the JWST ISIM bonded joints for survivability at cryogenic temperatures

Design/analysis of the JWST ISIM bonded joints for survivabi...

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optical Materials and Structures Technologies ii

作者： Bartoszyk, Andrew Johnston, John Kaprielian, Charles Kuhn, Jonathan Kunt, Cengiz Rodini, Benjamin Young, Daniel Swales Aerospace 5050 Powder Mill Road Beltsville MD 20705 Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771

A major design and analysis challenge for the JWST ISIM structure is thermal survivability of metal/composite adhesively bonded joints at the cryogenic temperature of 30K (-405°F). current bonded joint concepts include internal invar plug fittings, external saddle titanium/invar fittings and composite gusset/clip joints all bonded to hybrid composite tubes (75mm square) made with M55J/954-6 and T300/954-6 prepregs. Analytical experience and design work done on metal/composite bonded joints at temperatures below that of liquid nitrogen are limited and important analysis tools, material properties, and failure criteria for composites at cryogenic temperatures are sparse in the literature. Increasing this challenge is the difficulty in testing for these required tools and properties at cryogenic temperatures. To gain confidence in analyzing and designing the ISIM joints, a comprehensive joint development test program has been planned and is currently running. The test program is designed to produce required analytical tools and develop a composite failure criterion for bonded joint strengths at cryogenic temperatures. Finite element analysis is used to design simple test coupons that simulate anticipated stress states in the flight joints;subsequently, the test results are used to correlate the analysis technique for the final design of the bonded joints. In this work, we present an overview of the analysis and test methodology, current results, and working joint designs based on developed techniques and properties.

关键词： Adhesive joints

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Single domain magneto-optical circulators in photonic crystals

Single domain magneto-optical circulators in photonic crysta...

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Tuning the optical Response of Photonic Bandgap Structures ii

作者： Wang, Zheng Fan, Shanhui Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4090 Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-8085

During the past decade, defect engineering in photonic crystals has successfully miniaturized many optical devices, such as optical filters and lasers, to a sub-wavelength scale. In the field of magneto-optics, previous researches on one-dimensional photonic crystals have demonstrated that magnetic cavities can be used to create Friday rotation in sub-wave length optical paths, important for integrated optical isolators. In this paper, we study an optical circulator formed of a bismuth-iron-garnet defect infiltrated in a two dimensional silicon photonic crystal. The additional dimension of the field confinement allows further miniaturization and paves the way for monolithic in-plane integration with current integrated optical devices. The magneto-optical defect is constructed to support two doubly-degenerate TE modes and side-coupled to three photonic-crystal waveguides to form a three-port Y-junction circulator. When maximized with geometrically-optimized bismuth-iron-garnet domain, the gyrotropic effects cross couple the two modes and split them into a pair of counter-spinning states. We use the coupled-mode theory to derive the general criterion between the magneto-coupling and resonance decay constant for complete transmission and isolation. Numerical experiments with finite-difference time-domain methods confirmed the coupled mode theory and demonstrate a Y-junction circulator with an isolation ratio greater than 40dB. The design principle for this two dimensional photonic crystal defect can be readily transferred to magneto-optical defects in three dimensional slab photonic crystals. The silicon/air based system has a small footprint of one wavelength squared and good compatibility for integration with other planar optical devices.

关键词： Magnetooptical effects

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FPGA developments for the SPARTA project

FPGA developments for the SPARTA project

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Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications ii

作者： Goodsell, S.J. Fedrigo, E. Dipper, N.A. Donaldson, R. Geng, D. Myers, R.M. Saunter, C.D. Soenke, C. Centre for Advanced Instrumentation Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2 D-85748 Garching bei München Germany

The European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Durham University's Centre for Advanced Instrumentation (CfAI) are currently designing a standard next generation Adaptive Optics (AO) Real-Time Control System. This platform, labelled SPARTA 'Standard Platform for Adaptive optics Real-Time Applications' will initially control the AO systems for ESO's 2nd generation VLT instruments, and will scale to implement the initial AO systems for ESO's future 100m telescope OWL. Durham's main task is to develop the Wavefront Sensor (WFS) front end and Statistical Machinery for the SPARTA platform using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). SPARTA takes advantage of a FPGA device to alleviate the highly parallel computationally intensive tasks from the system processors, increasing the obtainable control loop frequency and reducing the computational latency in the control system. The WFS pixel stream enters a PMC hosted FPGA card contained within the SPARTA platform via optical fibres carrying the VITA 17.18/10 standard 2.5Gbps-1 serial Front Panel Data Port (sFPDP) protocol. Each FPGA board can receive a maximum of l0Gbs -1 of data via on-board optical transceivers. The FPGA device reduces WFS frames to gradient vectors before passing the data to the system processors. The FPGA allows the processors to deal with other tasks such as wavefront reconstruction, telemetry and real-time data recording, allowing for more complex adaptive control algorithms to be executed. This paper overviews the SPARTA requirements and current platform architecture, Durham's Wavefront Processor FPGA design and it concludes with a future plan of work.

关键词： Adaptive optics

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Microstructured fibres for sensing applications

Microstructured fibres for sensing applications

引用

Photonic Crystals and Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications

作者： Petrovich, M.N. Van Brakef, A. Poletti, F. Mukasa, K. Austin, E. Finazzi, V. Petropoulos, P. O'Driscoll, E. Watson, M. DelMonte, T. Monro, T.M. Dakin, J.P. Richardson, D.J. University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom School of Chemistry and Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. Fitel-Photonics Laboratory Ichihara Chiba Japan BAE SYSTEMS Advanced Technology Centre Sowerby Building Bristol United Kingdom

Microstructured fibres (MOFs) are among the most innovative developments in optical fibre technology in recent years. These fibres contain arrays of tiny air holes that run along their length and define the waveguiding properties. optical confinement and guidance in MOFs can be obtained either through modified total internal reflection, or photonic bandgap effects;correspondingly, they are classified into index-guiding Holey Fibres (HFs) and Photonic Bandgap Fibres (PBGFs). MOFs offer great flexibility in terms of fibre design and, by virtue of the large refractive index contrast between glass/air and the possibility to make wavelength-scale features, offer a range of unique properties. In this paper we review the current status of air/silica MOF design and fabrication and discuss the attractions of this technology within the field of sensors, including prospects for further development. We focus on two primary areas, which we believe to be of particular significance. Firstly, we discuss the use of fibres offering large evanescent fields, or, alternatively, guidance in an air core, to provide long interaction lengths for detection of trace chemicals in gas or liquid samples;an improved fibre design is presented and prospects for practical implementation in sensor systems are also analysed. Secondly, we discuss the application of photonic bandgap fibre technology for obtaining fibres operating beyond silica's transparency window, and in particular in the 3μ,m wavelength region, j.

关键词： optical fibers

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Subaperture metrology technologies extend capabilities in optics manufacturing

Subaperture metrology technologies extend capabilities in op...

引用

optical Fabrication, Testing, and Metrology ii

作者： Tricard, Marc Forbes, Greg Murphy, Paul QED Technologies Inc. 1040 University Ave. Rochester NY 14607 United States

Subaperture polishing technologies have radically changed the landscape of precision optics manufacturing and enabled the production of higher precision optics with increasingly difficult figure requirements. However, metrology is a critical piece of the optics fabrication process, and the dependence on interferometry is especially acute for computer-controlled, deterministic finishing. Without accurate full-aperture metrology, figure correction using subaperture polishing technologies would not be possible. QED Technologies® has developed the Subaperture Stitching Interferometer (SSI®) that extends the effective aperture and dynamic range of a phase measuring interferometer. The SSI's novel developments in software and hardware improve the capacity and accuracy of traditional interferometers, overcoming many of the limitations previously faced. The SSI performs high-accuracy automated measurements of spheres, flats, and mild aspheres up to 200 mm in diameter by stitching subaperture data. The system combines a six-axis precision workstation, a commercial Fizeau interferometer of 4" or 6" aperture, and dedicated software. QED's software automates the measurement design, data acquisition, and mathematical reconstruction of the full-aperture phase map. The stitching algorithm incorporates a general framework for compensating several types of errors introduced by the interferometer and stage mechanics. These include positioning errors, viewing system distortion, the system reference wave error, etc. The SSI has been proven to deliver the accurate and flexible metrology that is vital to precision optics fabrication. This paper will briefly review the capabilities of the SSI as a production-ready, metrology system that enables cost-effective manufacturing of precision optical surfaces.

关键词： optical systems

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Dual-field imaging polarimeter for studying the effect of clouds on sky and target polarization

Dual-field imaging polarimeter for studying the effect of cl...

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Polarization Science and Remote Sensing ii

作者： Pust, Nathaniel J. Shaw, Joseph A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bozeman MT 59717 United States

Polarization signatures of ground-based objects depend upon both the physical characteristics of the object and the polarization of the incident light. Models of polarization can accurately represent the polarization of incident light for clear skies, but the effect of cloudy skies upon object signatures is more difficult to predict. In response to the need for measurements to characterize the effect of variable sky polarization on target polarimetry, a multispectral visible band polarimeter (440 - 710 nm) has been developed. This polarimeter quickly changes to measure both full sky polarization and narrow field-of-view target signatures. Sky polarization is measured with a fisheye lens. Target polarization is measured with a 300 mm telephoto lens. A Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder (LCVR) design has been selected that uses two Meadowlark LCVR-300 variable retarders at set rotation angles. current calibration work involves the removal of the fisheye effects on the Stokes vector. Future measurements will be used for validation of Polarized MODTRAN.

关键词： Polarimeters

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Performance evaluation of optical cross-connect architectures with tunable transceivers

Performance evaluation of optical cross-connect architecture...

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2005 Conference onoptical Network design and Modelling: Towards the broadband-for-all era, ONDM 2005

作者： Tamilraj, Venkatraman Subramaniam, Suresh Sivalingam, Krishna M. Krishnamurthy, Harini Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Washington University Washington DC 20052 Baltimore MD 21250 *** Inc. Seattle WA 98144

In current generation optical cross-connects, fixed lasers and filters are typically used for transmission and reception respectively. The major disadvantages of using fixed transceivers are: (i) the need for a large inventory that includes transceivers for spare purposes;and (ii) lower component utilization, especially for networks with large number of WDM channels since all wavelengths on all outgoing links of a node may not be used simultaneously. Tunable transceivers, with low tuning latencies in the order of nanoseconds and wide tuning ranges in the range of terahertz, are fast emerging as a viable alternative to fixed transceivers. Using tunable transceivers, the number of components per node can be potentially reduced thereby reducing cost and spare requirements while improving reliability (due to lower number of components). However, the per-component cost is currently higher for tunable transceivers and has to be considered in system design. This paper explores the trade-off between performance (blocking probability) and the tunability of transceivers. Towards this end, we develop an analytical performance model and validate it using simulations. Results show that a small tuning range is sufficient to reap most of the performance benefits that full-range tunability can offer. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： optical communication

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Microstructured fibers for high power applications

Microstructured fibers for high power applications

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Nanophotonics for Communication: Materials and Devices ii

作者： Baggett, J.C. Petrovich, M.N. Hayes, J.R. Finazzi, V. Poletti, F. Amezcua, R. Broderick, N.G.R. Richardson, D.J. Monro, T.M. Salter, P.L. Proudley, G. O'Driscoll, E.J. University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom School of Chemistry and Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre Sowerby Building Bristol United Kingdom

Fiber delivery of intense laser radiation is important for a broad range of application sectors, from medicine through to industrial laser processing of materials, and offers many practical system design and usage benefits relative to free space solutions. optical fibers for high power transmission applications need to offer low optical nonlinearity and high damage thresholds. Single-mode guidance is also often a fundamental requirement for the many applications in which good beam quality is critical. In recent years, microstructured fiber technology has revolutionized the dynamic field of optical fibers, bringing with them a wide range of novel optical properties. These fibers, in which the cladding region is peppered with many small air holes, are separated into two distinct categories, defined by the way in which they guide light: (1) index-guiding holey fibers (HFs), in which the core is solid and light is guided by a modified form of total internal reflection, and (2) photonic band-gap fibers (PBGFs) in which guidance in a hollow core can be achieved via photonic band-gap effects. Both of these microstructured fiber types offer attractive qualities for beam delivery applications. For example, using HF technology, large-mode-area, pure silica fibers with robust single-mode guidance over broad wavelength ranges can be routinely fabricated. In addition, the ability to guide light in an air-core within PBGFs presents obvious power handling advantages. In this paper we review the fundamentals and current status of high power, high brightness, beam delivery in HFs and PBGFs, and speculate as to future prospects.

关键词： optical fibers

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