Beryllium containing ZnSe-based compound semiconductors introduce substantial additional degrees of freedom for the design of wide gap ii-VI heterostructures. Interesting aspects are the lattice matching of BeTe with ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424056
Beryllium containing ZnSe-based compound semiconductors introduce substantial additional degrees of freedom for the design of wide gap ii-VI heterostructures. Interesting aspects are the lattice matching of BeTe with its high lying valence band and high p-type dopability for the growth of graded gap contacts capable of carrying high current densities, as well as the expected strengthening of quaternary beryllium compounds like BeMgZnSe as compared to the ii-VI materials used on the basis of ZnMgSSe. They have a large covalency and therefore large bond energy. The covalency of BeSe e.g. is expected to be as high as the one of GaN. The fabrication of light emitting devices like LEDs and laser diodes is reported.
Single phase ac power supplies used for powering optical fiber/coax cable are required to generate trapezoidal-shaped waveform [1, 2]. A conventional ac power supply employs open loop feedforward PWM pattern generator...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780337166
Single phase ac power supplies used for powering optical fiber/coax cable are required to generate trapezoidal-shaped waveform [1, 2]. A conventional ac power supply employs open loop feedforward PWM pattern generators which require a considerably large de link capacitor. Owing to the large value of de link capacitor, the input current waveform is distorted and has a poor power factor. This problem is usually resolved by incorporating an additional power factor correction stage which consequently increases the overall size, cost and circuit complexity. The proposed converter topology is shown in Pig. 1 which has the following main features: (a) a small de bus capacitor resulting in a de bus having a very large 120 Hz component. (b) an on-line instantaneous voltage controlled feedforward PWM pattern generator, based on Reset integral control technique [3][4][5], in which the PWM modulating function is synchronized with the de bus ripple;the trapezoidal output voltage fits within the envelope of the ripple, leading to maximum voltage utilization;(c) the input current flows during the complete period which yields low overall distortion and high power factor. Fig. 1 shows a power circuit realization of the proposed power supply and control scheme based on the One-cycle Reset Integral PWM pattern generator, required to produce a trapezoidal output voltage. A comparison of various PWM techniques was performed in [3] and it was found that the One-cycle Reset integral control technique produced the best overall results in terms of power factor (pi), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and efficiency (eta). However the simplified comparative analysis presented in [3] is inadequate in designing and implementing the proposed scheme as the design equations, component selection and rating aspects were neglected. This paper presents detailed analysis and design curves that are required to implement the proposed power supply. The analytical expression for the rms value of the current
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed an active sensor system, the ideo guidance sensor (VGS), to provide near-range relative position and attitude data. The VGS will be part of an automatic rendezvous...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424803
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed an active sensor system, the ideo guidance sensor (VGS), to provide near-range relative position and attitude data. The VGS will be part of an automatic rendezvous and docking system. The VGS determines the relative positions and attitudes between the active sensor and the passive target. It works by using laser diodes to illuminate the retro-reflectors in the target, a solid-state camera to detect the return from the target retro-reflectors, and a frame grabber and digital signal processor to convert the video information into relative positions and attitudes. The current sensor design is the result of several years of development and testing, and it is being built to fly as an experiment payload on the space shuttle. The VGS system is designed to operate with the target completely visible within a relative azimuth of ± 10.5 degrees and a relative elevation of ± 8 degrees. The system will acquire and track and target within that field-of-view anywhere from 1.0 meters to 110 meters range at any relative roll angle and relative pitch and yaw attitudes of up to ± 10 degrees. The data is output from the sensor at 5 Hz, and the target and sensor software have been designed to permit two independent sensors to operate simultaneously for redundancy.
It is common practice nowadays with critical machinery to measure, either on-line or off-line, the vibration response at a number of suitable locations and to assess the state of health of the equipment based on obser...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0912053534
It is common practice nowadays with critical machinery to measure, either on-line or off-line, the vibration response at a number of suitable locations and to assess the state of health of the equipment based on observed changes in one or more of the response parameters. Early diagnosis of potentially damaging faults or defects can lead to substantial cost savings. Frequently. in practice, interpretation of the vibration data is performed more on a qualitative as opposed to quantitative basis which may be of limited benefit. The work presented here shows that by utilising a simple approach involving the (SVD) Singular Value Decomposition method, changes in measured vibration data can be incorporated into an appropriate rotordynamic model and identification of the cause of the modified vibration response achieved. The technique is intended to be used in conjunction with available information related to the machine's construction and/or operational history. The proposed approach consists of two separate components:- the first used to identify bearing-related problems and the second employed in the diagnosis of rotor balance problems. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is assessed by recourse to analysis of a real representative rotor system.
Major noise sources of a home air conditioner are fan and compressor. Fan generates airflow noise mainly and compressor is the main source of the vibration induced noise. In this study, finite element analysis, a meth...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0912053534
Major noise sources of a home air conditioner are fan and compressor. Fan generates airflow noise mainly and compressor is the main source of the vibration induced noise. In this study, finite element analysis, a method for design of experiment and a topology optimization method were used to find optimum shape of rubber mount copper pipe and compressor base plate of a home air conditioner. For designing the shape of rubber mount and pipe, overall best shapes were found first and then sensitivity analysis was carried out to find the details. In designing the compressor base plate, bead shape, number of beads and their locations were found using sensitivity analysis and a topology optimization method was applied for further improvement Analysis results showed that the vibration of the air conditioner was reduced significantly when the modified parts were employed Experimental results showed good agreement with those of the analysis and consequently, the noise generated by the air conditioner was reduced by 3dB.
This paper describes the design of a fibre opticalcurrent transducer based on a mirror Faraday rotator. Computer simulation techniques are used to model the transducer, and to assess its operating performance. The tr...
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This paper describes the design of a fibre opticalcurrent transducer based on a mirror Faraday rotator. Computer simulation techniques are used to model the transducer, and to assess its operating performance. The transducer is used to measure the fault current waveforms encountered on a 33 kV distribution feeder. The measured waveforms are processed by a current differential scheme applied to the protection of this feeder. The operating performance of the protection is analysed and compared with the performance obtained when using conventional current transformers. Conclusions are drawn regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using fibre opticalcurrent transducers in protection relaying.
Flip-chip soldering is the critical technology for solving the current issues of electronic packaging industries that require the high I/O's. In order to increase the manufacturing ability of flip-chip technology,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819426113
Flip-chip soldering is the critical technology for solving the current issues of electronic packaging industries that require the high I/O's. In order to increase the manufacturing ability of flip-chip technology, however, yield and reliability issues should overcome. In this study, optimum flip-chip bonding process has been developed by using the test chips that had the electroplated solder bumps. Test chips are composed of three different types that are i) peripheral array pad chip (116 of I/O and 8.25 x 8.25 mm(2)), ii) peripheral array pad chip (196 of I/O and 13.75 x 13.75 mm(2)), and iii) area array pad chip (448 I/O and 11.66 x 11.66 mm(2)) Each test chip has the daisy chain to consider the effect of reliability test. The electrical resistance was measured before and after reliability test. Based on these measurement, failure mode resulted from the moisture absorption was studied using scanning acoustic microscope. To achieve an optimum reflow profile of solder bump, correct temperature profile was set up with respect to the resin base flux. Different bonding forces were tested. Four underfill encapsulants were evaluated for minimum voids that caused the severe defects after reliability test. Also, the gap heights were measured with respect to applied bonding force after underfill was performed. Results from the moisture absorption and thermal cycling were discussed for flip-chip bonding on BT-resin substrates. The test vehicles using flip-chip technology have passed moisture preconditioning and temperature cycling test.
Various localized electromagnetic and acoustic waves, nondiffracting fields, and other directed-radiation beams are of great current interest. The authors present a new category of nondiffracting acoustic waves that p...
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Various localized electromagnetic and acoustic waves, nondiffracting fields, and other directed-radiation beams are of great current interest. The authors present a new category of nondiffracting acoustic waves that propagate in either isotropic or anisotropic solid media. The nondiffracting pulses are spectral generalisations of the monochromatic conical waves, a property which provides novel insight into the physical analysis and the actual preparation of such localized space-time fields. The nondiffracting pulses obtained via the space-frequency synthesis of nondiffracting conical waves are illustrated with the help of broadband X-like waves for which explicit expressions are derived. The relation of these fields to the previously known localized solutions is established. The nondiffracting acoustic pulses in anisotropic substrates offer several new design opportunities in various applications.
The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: development of a three-channel SWIR camera, for ground-based astronomical imaging. (two micron all sky survey, 2MASS);evaluation of a demonstration tele...
The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: development of a three-channel SWIR camera, for ground-based astronomical imaging. (two micron all sky survey, 2MASS);evaluation of a demonstration telescope for the pluto express mission;impact of zonal irregularity and refractive index errors on infrared lens performance;optical performance budget for the far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer;compact prism-based optics for two-axis gimbal systems allowing large aperture and field of regard;using wavefront sensor information in image post-processing to improve the resolution of telescopes with small aberrations;scanning near-field infrared microscope with a free electron laser illumination source;infrared incoherent imaging: elements of rotary encoder opticaldesign;and dry resist technology to fabricate optimized microlenses centered to the end of a monomode fiber with electron-beam lithography.
Genetic algorithm and its application in lens design is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lens design...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
Genetic algorithm and its application in lens design is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lens design is demonstrated. A GA. generated design is obtained without artificial intervention. The aberration correction has to be done by DLS, and the result is close to the starting configuration generated by GA.
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