We describe a flexible, distributed system architecture capable of supporting collaborative design and fabrication of semi-conductor devices and integrated circuits. Such capabilities are of particular importance in t...
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Large format holograms are of potential interest to the energy and building sectors. Such holograms are considered at present for photovoltaic power generation and for daylighting or glazing in buildings. Dichromated ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424226
Large format holograms are of potential interest to the energy and building sectors. Such holograms are considered at present for photovoltaic power generation and for daylighting or glazing in buildings. Dichromated gelatin (DCG) exhibits properties that are nearly ideal for these applications. Both sectors require large format holograms with accurately controlled properties, such as: spectral bandwidth, operating wavelength and diffraction efficiency. The required properties are attained by exactly controlling the thickness of the gelatin layer and the refractive index variation over the entire aperture as a function of layer depth. The information presented in this paper is based on ten years' efforts that includes layer deposition and film drying techniques with controlled thickness, development process and an inexpensive dry copying procedure for the industrial fabrication of the holograms on a flexible film substratum. design criteria and experimental results for large format holographic gratings, lenses and mirrors are presented and discussed. The current technology facilitates the manufacturing of HOEs that operate between 400 nm and 1500 nm in various applications: photovoltaic solar concentrators for multicolor operation, hybrid collectors for simultaneous thermal and PV application, holographic stacks for white light (RGB) daylighting and wideband sun shading and holographic concentrators with spectral bandwidths that are adapted to particular photochemical reactions far solar chemistry.
The U.S. Navy is preactively upgrading its fleet of P-3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft to continue to meet current and near future challenges to national security. The traditional P-3 role of Anti-Submarine Warfare, though ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424722
The U.S. Navy is preactively upgrading its fleet of P-3 Maritime Patrol Aircraft to continue to meet current and near future challenges to national security. The traditional P-3 role of Anti-Submarine Warfare, though retained, is being expanded to include Anti-Surface Warfare, increased reconnaissance and surveillance, and other missions. As part of the overall improvement program, P-3 cockpit and tactical crewstations throughout the aircraft are being upgraded to improve crew performance. Flat panel display technology is replacing CRTs in five on-going crewstation improvements. This paper reports on one of them: the replacement of CRT displays in a prototype EO/IR crewstation with a suite of four color AMLCDs, one of which is configured with a surface acoustic wave touch overlay to serve as a programmable touch interface. This upgrade is already in service with the fleet.
This paper describes the cumulative status to-date, and currentdevelopments in the British Aerospace IR scene projector system technology in early 1997. The systems have been developed for Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL)...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424994
This paper describes the cumulative status to-date, and currentdevelopments in the British Aerospace IR scene projector system technology in early 1997. The systems have been developed for Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation in missile test and evaluation facilities. Historically, the technology has been called ''Thermal Picture Synthesis'' an early equivalent of what is now known as Infra-red Scene Projection (IRSP). Earlier generations of system were based on a monolithic resistor-substrate construction, a modification of which is still used for ground target simulations (TPS3), whereas the more recent systems for air target simulations are based on fully suspended resistor designs (TPS4). These projector systems incorporating full scale arrays have been fabricated at up to 256 x 256 complexity. Research work is being carried out on high temperature arrays for air-to-air countermeasure simulations, and the first TPS5 full system at 512 x 512 complexity has completed its design stage and has recently moved into fabrication. Research testbed arrays of 768 x 768 have just been made, and 1024 x 1024 arrays are presently being fabricated. The paper includes an initial introduction to the basics of the technology, and is followed by a section on certain specialised features to combat inherent issues in the technology. Specifications and the current status of each category of device is then given.
Flip-chip soldering is the critical technology for solving the current issues of electronic packaging industries that require the high I/O's. In order to increase the manufacturing ability of flip-chip technology,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819426113
Flip-chip soldering is the critical technology for solving the current issues of electronic packaging industries that require the high I/O's. In order to increase the manufacturing ability of flip-chip technology, however, yield and reliability issues should overcome. In this study, optimum flip-chip bonding process has been developed by using the test chips that had the electroplated solder bumps. Test chips are composed of three different types that are i) peripheral array pad chip (116 of I/O and 8.25 x 8.25 mm(2)), ii) peripheral array pad chip (196 of I/O and 13.75 x 13.75 mm(2)), and iii) area array pad chip (448 I/O and 11.66 x 11.66 mm(2)) Each test chip has the daisy chain to consider the effect of reliability test. The electrical resistance was measured before and after reliability test. Based on these measurement, failure mode resulted from the moisture absorption was studied using scanning acoustic microscope. To achieve an optimum reflow profile of solder bump, correct temperature profile was set up with respect to the resin base flux. Different bonding forces were tested. Four underfill encapsulants were evaluated for minimum voids that caused the severe defects after reliability test. Also, the gap heights were measured with respect to applied bonding force after underfill was performed. Results from the moisture absorption and thermal cycling were discussed for flip-chip bonding on BT-resin substrates. The test vehicles using flip-chip technology have passed moisture preconditioning and temperature cycling test.
This paper describes the design of a fibre opticalcurrent transducer based on a mirror Faraday rotator. Computer simulation techniques are used to model the transducer, and to assess its operating performance. The tr...
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This paper describes the design of a fibre opticalcurrent transducer based on a mirror Faraday rotator. Computer simulation techniques are used to model the transducer, and to assess its operating performance. The transducer is used to measure the fault current waveforms encountered on a 33 kV distribution feeder. The measured waveforms are processed by a current differential scheme applied to the protection of this feeder. The operating performance of the protection is analysed and compared with the performance obtained when using conventional current transformers. Conclusions are drawn regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using fibre opticalcurrent transducers in protection relaying.
Etec Systems, Inc. has developed a new e-beam mask lithography system, the MEBES 4500S, featuring a higher productivity writing strategy called multipass gray and a number of mechanical and electrical improvements. Th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819425168
Etec Systems, Inc. has developed a new e-beam mask lithography system, the MEBES 4500S, featuring a higher productivity writing strategy called multipass gray and a number of mechanical and electrical improvements. This new system, based on the proven technologies introduced in the MEBES 4500 system, provides improved throughput and accuracy. The MEBES 4500S system with multipass gray supports smaller mask design addresses needed for high resolution masks, while providing higher dose for high contrast processes with low sensitivity and improved CD linearity. Improved print performance is achieved by the introduction of several system design changes that work in conjunction with the multipass gray writing mode. These changes include improved column deflection system temperature control, enhanced TFE current control, improved work chamber thermal management, and improved stage drive vibration damping. Details of these features are presented along with first performance data for the new system.
The proceedings contains 44 papers. Some of the specific topics discussed are: multiple-temperature lens design optimization;engineering an agile beam director for laser radar;beam design of a noncooperative interfero...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081941249X
The proceedings contains 44 papers. Some of the specific topics discussed are: multiple-temperature lens design optimization;engineering an agile beam director for laser radar;beam design of a noncooperative interferometer;performance evaluation of a noisy hologram;and anticounterfeit holographic marks with secret codes.
The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: development of a three-channel SWIR camera, for ground-based astronomical imaging. (two micron all sky survey, 2MASS);evaluation of a demonstration tele...
The proceedings contain 53 papers. The topics discussed include: development of a three-channel SWIR camera, for ground-based astronomical imaging. (two micron all sky survey, 2MASS);evaluation of a demonstration telescope for the pluto express mission;impact of zonal irregularity and refractive index errors on infrared lens performance;optical performance budget for the far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer;compact prism-based optics for two-axis gimbal systems allowing large aperture and field of regard;using wavefront sensor information in image post-processing to improve the resolution of telescopes with small aberrations;scanning near-field infrared microscope with a free electron laser illumination source;infrared incoherent imaging: elements of rotary encoder opticaldesign;and dry resist technology to fabricate optimized microlenses centered to the end of a monomode fiber with electron-beam lithography.
Genetic algorithm and its application in lens design is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lens design...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
Genetic algorithm and its application in lens design is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lens design is demonstrated. A GA. generated design is obtained without artificial intervention. The aberration correction has to be done by DLS, and the result is close to the starting configuration generated by GA.
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