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Suppressing non-radiative generation and recombination in LEDs, PVs, and photodiode detectors via inhomogeneous doping around the depletion region co-located with a heterojunction 3

Suppressing non-radiative generation and recombination in LE...

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Photonic Heat Engines: Science and Applications iii 2021

作者： Santhanam, Parthiban Fan, Shanhui Ginzton Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510642409

ISBN: (纸本)9781510642393

We present a design principle for photonically-active double-heterojunction (DHJ) diodes that utilizes spatial control over the distribution of dopant impurities in the growth direction to suppress non-radiative Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) carrier generation and recombination processes. These non-radiative processes constitute major parasitics in numerous devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photovoltaics (PVs), and photo-diode detectors (PDs). The design principle is general to all diodes with carrier-confining heterojunctions and is agnostic to material system. As a result, devices based on semiconductors in Group IV (e.g. SiGe), iii-V (e.g. GaN, AlGaAs, GaInAsP, GaInAsSb), II-VI (e.g. MgZnCdTe, ZnCdSeS), and others can theoretically benefit from it. To illustrate the principle, here we will model LEDs, PVs, and PDs in the InP-lattice-matched GaInAsP material system. We show that LEDs' Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) is raised, with a major impact at low forward bias voltages. The modeling presented here shows that, because thermophotonic refrigerator LEDs operate at these voltages, the design principle could prove to be a major step toward realizing the Kelvinscale and larger temperature reductions that have remained experimentally elusive to date. Next, we show that redesigned PVs exhibit higher open-circuit voltage and efficiency, with significant improvement in cells with the high defect densities typical of lattice mismatched iii-V cells grown on inexpensive Silicon substrates. Finally, we show that PDs exhibit improvements in dark current during reverse bias operation and shunt resistance during photovoltaic operation, quantities that can impact the noise floor of receivers in optical communication systems and thus the overall power consumption of photonic links. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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A review on iii-V compound semiconductor short wave infrared avalanche photodiodes

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NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022年第22期33卷 222003-222003页

作者： Liang, Yan Perumalveeramalai, Chandrasekar Lin, Guochen Su, Xiangbin Zhang, Xiaoming Feng, Shuai Xu, Yingqiang Li, Chuanbo Minzu Univ China Sch Sci Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Minzu Univ China Optoelect Res Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Semicond Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The on-chip avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are crucial component of a fully integrated photonics system. Specifically, iii-V compound APD has become one of the main applications of optical fiber communication reception due to adaptable bandgap and low noise characteristics. The advancement of structural design and material choice has emerged as a means to improve the performance of APDs. Therefore, it is inevitable to review the evolution and recent developments on iii-V compound APDs to understand the current progress in this field. To begin with, the basic working principle of APDs are presented. Next, the structure development of APDs is briefly reviewed, and the subsequent progression of iii-V compound APDs (InGaAs APDs, AlxIn1-x AsySb1-y APDs) is introduced. Finally, we also discuss the key issues and prospects of AlxIn1-x AsySb1-y digital alloy avalanche APDs that need to be addressed for the future development of >= 2 mu m optical communication field.

关键词： iii-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes short wave infrared low noise characteristics digital alloys

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design of an anastigmatic three-mirror telescope using freeform surfaces 11

Design of an anastigmatic three-mirror telescope using freef...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXI

作者： Alvarado-Martinez, J. J. Granados-Agustin, F. S. Vazquez-y Montiel, S. Cornejo-Rodriguez, A. A. INAOE Luis Enrique Erro 1 Sta Maria Tonanzintla Cholula Pue Mexico UIEPA Los Ilanos Kilometro 1 San Andres Tlayehualanci Ahuacatlan Pue Mexico

ISBN: (数字)9781510637719

ISBN: (纸本)9781510637719

This paper proposes the design of an anastigmatic three-mirror telescope using freeform surfaces for the correction of spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature, allowing a wide field of view (FOV) and high resolution. For the structure of this telescope, it is proposed to use only two optical elements where the primary and tertiary mirrors are integrated into an only optical element and the secondary mirror in the other, thus achieving a considerable reduction in the difficulty of alignment and assembly. To achieve a high performance of the telescope, the system was decentered (off-axis design), avoiding the loss of energy due to the obscuration of the M-2 in the on-axis system. In addition, to solve the difficult access to the focus.

关键词： optical design three-mirror system freeform on-axis system off-axis system

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Distortion controlled optical design using orthogonal surface polynomials 11

Distortion controlled optical design using orthogonal surfac...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXI

作者： Allain, Guillaume Thibault, Simon Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ Canada Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Quebec City PQ Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510637719

ISBN: (纸本)9781510637719

The design of high quality very wide-angle optical systems (FFOV > 100 degrees) relies on distortion to obtain a sufficient resolution at, usually, the center of the field of view. Using distortion shape as a parameter during optimization to reach a magnification target is a common technique to achieve optical foveation during the lens design process. This method allows resolution enhancement at selected parts of the field of view since less care is given to parts of the image that are deemed less important. However, accurate control of distortion can be a challenge during optical design since the standard aspherics polynomials don't correlate directly to image magnification. This may in fact slow down optimization since the merit function is much less optimized to approach a solution. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting a method to simplify distortion control during the optical design phase. To achieve this, the use of orthogonal polynomials is used for defining the optical surface shape and will then be used to compare the height of the image plane at a given field of view. We show that in the case of simple and paraxial system, this process is orthogonal and achieve a solution in a single optimization step. We will finally discuss the limits of this method and how it applies to modern lens design problems.

关键词： optical design Foveated imaging Distortion Control Orthogonal polynomials Shape specification

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Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Network Instrument: Measuring PQC Adoption Rates and Identifying Migration Pathways

Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) Network Instrument: Measurin...

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Quantum Computing and engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Jakub Sowa Bach Hoang Advaith Yeluru Steven Qie Anita Nikolich Ravishankar Iyer Phuong Cao National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

The problem of adopting quantum-resistant crypto-graphic network protocols or post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is critically important to democratizing quantum computing. The problem is urgent because practical quantum computers will break classical encryption in the next few decades. Past encrypted data has already been collected and can be de-crypted in the near future. The main challenges of adopting post-quantum cryptography lie in algorithmic complexity and hardware/software/network implementation. The grand question of how existing cyberinfrastructure will support post-quantum cryptography remains unanswered. This paper describes: i) the design of a novel Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) network instrument placed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a part of the FABRIC testbed; ii) the latest results on PQC adoption rate across a wide spectrum of network protocols (Secure Shell - SSH, Transport Layer Security - TLS, etc.); iii) the current state of PQC implementation in key scientific applications (e.g., OpenSSH or SciTokens); iv) the challenges of being quantum-resistant; and v) discussion of potential novel attacks. This is the first large-scale measurement of PQC adoption at national-scale supercomputing centers and FABRIC testbeds. Our results show that only OpenSSH and Google Chrome have successfully implemented PQC and achieved an initial adoption rate of 0.029 % (6,044 out of 20,556,816) for OpenSSH connections at NCSA coming from major Internet Service Providers or Autonomous Systems (ASes) such as OARNET, GTT, Google Fiber Webpass (U.S.) and Uppsala Lans Landsting (Sweden), with an overall increasing adoption rate year-over-year for 2023–2024. Our analyses identify pathways to migrate current applications to be quantum-resistant.

关键词： Quantum computing Protocols Instruments current measurement Web and internet services Fabrics optical fiber LAN Internet Cryptography optical fiber testing

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Luminescent metal nanoclusters:Biosensing strategies and bioimaging applications

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2021年第1期2卷 114-132页

作者： Yan Xiao ZhennanWu Qiaofeng Yao Jianping Xie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 4SingaporeSingapore College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei UniversityWuhanHubeiChina Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New CityFuzhouChina

Metal nanoclusters(MNCs)are ultrasmall metal-organic aggregates,composed of a metal core less than 2 nm and a protecting shell of metal-organic ligand *** controlled aggregation of metal atoms(in the cluster core)and metal-organic ligand motifs(around the cluster core)renders MNCs with numerous molecule-like properties,among which strong and bright luminescence has attracted extensive basic and applied *** has now known that aggregation-induced emission is a feasible mechanism for controlling luminescence of MNCs,which makes it particularly useful in biosensing and bioimaging *** the luminescence fundamentals and design principles largely determine the practicality and effectiveness of MNCs in biosensing and bioimaging applications,a systematic summary of this topic is lacking in the current *** this review,we aim to provide a concise discussion of the latest developments in biosensing and bioimaging applications of luminescent MNCs,highlighting their luminescence mechanisms,biosensing principles,and bioimaging ***,we first introduce the recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of MNCs,and then briefly discuss the luminescence fundamentals *** the design strategy and practicality of luminescent MNCs in biosensing and bioimaging applications are *** conclude the review with our perspectives on the further development of MNC-based optical probes in biosensing and bioimaging *** review is expected to provide guidance for the future practice of designing and synthesizing luminescent MNCs for biomedical and other applications.

关键词： aggregation-induced emission bioimaging biosensor luminescence metal nanoclusters

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飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件

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光电工程 2023年第3期50卷 74-99页

作者：董彬张娟王达伟张亦元张乐然李瑞辛晨刘顺利张子航吴昊蒋绍军朱苏皖刘炳瑞吴东中国科学技术大学精密机械与精密仪器系中国科学院材料力学行为与设计重点实验室安徽省高等学校精密科学仪器重点实验室安徽合肥230026 中国科学技术大学第一附属医院生命科学与医学部安徽合肥230001

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展,基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半... 详细信息

光学器件正在向着小型化、集成化以及柔性可变形等方向发展,基于集成微纳光学器件的光学系统以其较低的功耗、快速的响应时间以及高信息容量等优势脱颖而出。然而目前的高精度微纳加工手段如聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)刻蚀、半导体光刻等工艺复杂,且缺乏灵活性。飞秒激光作为一种非接触、高精度、高脉冲强度的“冷”加工工具在微纳加工方面受到格外青睐。本文首先阐述了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件的背景及相关机理,然后讨论了提高飞秒激光加工分辨率的各种方法,接着综述了基于飞秒激光的多种先进加工手段,其后总结了近年来飞秒激光加工微透镜、光栅、光波导以及光子晶体方面的代表性研究进展。最后,本文概括了飞秒激光加工微纳光学器件研究领域所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向。

关键词：飞秒激光高精度微纳结构光学器件

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Biphysical undetectable concentrators manipulating both heat flux and direct current via topology optimization

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Physical Review E 2022年第6期106卷 065304-065304页

作者： Garuda Fujii Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan and Energy Landscape Architectonics Brain Bank (ELab2) and Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research Shinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan

Recent remarkable developments in metamaterials and metadevices manipulating diffusive processes, such as thermal and electrical conduction, have enabled the control of multiple phenomena and the development of multifunctional devices. However, only either multiphysics operations or multiple functionalities are usually implemented on single metadevices. In this paper, we describe a method for the optimal design of metadevices that achieves both cloaking and focusing in the control of both heat flux and direct current by a single device, i.e., biphysical-bifunctional metadevices having four capabilities. Our design scheme performs well in terms of providing cloaking and focusing bifunctionality. Additionally, it assumes bulk natural materials without the use of metamaterials, which improves the manufacturability of the designed metadevices. Moreover, multidirectional metad evices are optimally designed for thermal-electrical conductions transmitted from multiple directions or from heat and voltage sources at various locations.

关键词： Cloaking optical cloaking

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Towards a Flipped optical Laboratory 17th

Towards a Flipped Optical Laboratory

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17th Annual conference of the International-Association-of-Online-engineering (IAOE) and the Global-Online-Laboratory-Consortium (GOLC) on Remote engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV) - Cross Reality and Data Science in engineering

作者： Tsiatsos, Thrasyvoulos Politopoulos, Nikolaos Stylianidis, Panagiotis Pleros, Nikolaos Karavidas, Lampros Karypidou, Kyriaki Pester, Andreas Klinger, Thomas Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Carinthia Univ Appl Sci Klagenfurt Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783030525750;9783030525743

This paper presents the main steps for creating an innovative educational optical Laboratory, based on the flipped classroom educational model. This laboratory called FlipOL: Flipped optical Laboratory. FlipOL intends to support hands-on training and skill enhancement on photonics by offering hands-on educational activities, broadening the audience and extending existing facilities expediting access to photonic components, measurement equipment of Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) and support services. Doing so, FlipOL aims to introduce, adapt and exploit the rich capabilities of current ICT distance learning toolkit towards negating the barriers associated with geographical location, localization and cost in outreach and learning activities. It will establish a single one-stop-shop Virtual Space for educational material, bringing the community of photonics in contact with well-established principles from the industrial and educational sector and shaping a portal to a rich on-line remote access portfolio. FlipOL specific objectives are: to establish a Photonics Community of Practice and the FlipOL Virtual Space in order to form a portal to support a broad range of training actions in Photonics and PICs, to extend and utilise existing facilities in order to facilitate access to photonic components and related equipment through creating (i) an online photonics design environment, (ii) a remote lab infrastructure, and (iii) an augmented reality on-site lab app, to deploy a Remote MakerLab that exposes the user to all integrated photonic technology processing cycles from designing, fabricating and measuring his/her own device, to organize a Lifelong Learning Program in Photonics based on Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs).

关键词： Photonics Augmented reality MOOCs

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Wide angle lens with improved relative illumination characteristics 11

Wide angle lens with improved relative illumination characte...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXI

作者： Zhuang, Zhenfeng Dallaire, Xavier Parent, Jocelyn Roulet, Patrice Thibault, Simon Immervision 2020 UnivSuite 2320 Montreal PQ H3A 2A5 Canada Univ Laval Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt 2375 Rue Terrasse Quebec City PQ G1V 0A6 Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510637719

ISBN: (纸本)9781510637719

Consumers nowadays have a higher expectation on cameras beyond the function of taking photos or videos. In the early years, the applications of cameras with lenses were, however, very restricted. A new generation of super wide-angle lenses capture the user's surroundings in full 360 degrees, allowing the user's friends or families to step inside our universe and experience it, live. However, for such wide angle lens coverage, the relative illumination of the lens must take the vector nature of the light into account. Consequently, the polarization of light becomes a critical parameter. Custom coatings are commonly spread on the lens surface to avoid light transmission polarization falloff. But for consumer applications, complex coating is not a practical solution because it raises cost. In this paper, we present how to take care of the polarization during the design and analysis of the lens design. Additionally, design tips are proposed to suppress the polarization impact.

关键词： 080.3620) Lens system design (120.4820) optical systems (260.5430) Polarization (080.2740) Geometric optical design (220.1250) Aspherics

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