Eyepieces are a part of visual optical systems. Because of their wide field of view and long eye-relief, it is difficult to further improve the existing eyepieces using all-refractive surfaces. Since diffractive eleme...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819437387
Eyepieces are a part of visual optical systems. Because of their wide field of view and long eye-relief, it is difficult to further improve the existing eyepieces using all-refractive surfaces. Since diffractive elements demonstrate unique characteristics: negative dispersion and non-field curvature, the eyepiece design can be improved by using refractive-diffractive hybrid surfaces. In this paper, several design examples using refractive-diffractive hybrid surfaces to design moderate field of view (FOV) eyepieces were studied. Firstly, a design example using a diffractive surface to replace the negative piece in the cement doublet of a conventional Kellner type eyepiece is presented. Then a design example is given by employing two diffractive elements to replace the negative elements used in the conventional symmetrical eyepiece. For the above examples the eyepiece aberration correction techniques were also analyzed.
The most widely used objectives for the space optics are mirror and catadioptric systems. We have considered several scheme types including the three-mirror schemes both of the Korsch-type and the systems without an i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075
The most widely used objectives for the space optics are mirror and catadioptric systems. We have considered several scheme types including the three-mirror schemes both of the Korsch-type and the systems without an intermediate image and compare them from the point of view of packaging conditions, image quality and achievable characteristics. The two-mirror systems with lens correctors are also analyzed. The optical layout and parameters of several variants are presented and the image quality is shown.
The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument is due to be installed on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1997. STIS uses 20 filters located on a wheel that can rotate any one of 88 apertures or c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument is due to be installed on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1997. STIS uses 20 filters located on a wheel that can rotate any one of 88 apertures or combination filter/aperture into the beam path. The instrument incorporates a continuous range of spectral response from the VUV (115.0 nm) to 1 um. Therefore, filters that perform in the VUV are discussed as well as filters that operate in the near infrared. Neutral density filters are also being used for on-board calibration from 300 nm to Lyman-Alpha (121.6 nm).
Low polarization beamsplitter has been reported by article and patent in Applied Optics in 1983. Which structure is a quartz birefringent plate, it can be used to splite beam by using the reflection and refraction of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819409251
Low polarization beamsplitter has been reported by article and patent in Applied Optics in 1983. Which structure is a quartz birefringent plate, it can be used to splite beam by using the reflection and refraction of the surface of the birefringent plate. In this article I have introduced a polychromatic adjustable beamsplitting angle low polarization prism, which is composed of four elements. I have studied it by theoretical analysis and experiment measurement. Whose character is: (1) the beamsplitting angle can be adjustable continuously, (2) transmission is high, (3) the intensities of the two beams are about equal, and, (4) the adjusting is convenient and reliable. Such as a 37 degree(s) prism, the beam splitting angle is from 15 degree(s) to 45 degree(s), transmission is above 85%, the maximum polarization degree of the emergent light is below 10%. The range of the beamsplitting angle can be designed in need.
Conventional round spot quadrant detector trackers are inherently non-linear. This non-linearity requires multiple iterations to converge onto perfect alignment with the object tracked. We created a system that genera...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510612082;9781510612075
Conventional round spot quadrant detector trackers are inherently non-linear. This non-linearity requires multiple iterations to converge onto perfect alignment with the object tracked. We created a system that generates a square spot. The convolution of a square spot with a circle, generated by the quadrant detector, allows this spot to achieve perfect alignment in one iteration. This invention is thus essential to any system that requires speed and accuracy. In this paper, we introduce the theory behind the square spot as well as the design of our linear optical quadrant detector tracking technology.
We present a purely mechanical means of producing highly concentric spherical lenses at the endfaces of optical fibers. The production process has two stages. First, conical lenses are produced in a grinding process t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819454613
We present a purely mechanical means of producing highly concentric spherical lenses at the endfaces of optical fibers. The production process has two stages. First, conical lenses are produced in a grinding process that ensures excellent concentricity. Then, the conical lenses are transformed to spherical lenses using a novel process called loose abrasive blasting. The cone grinding is carried out on a microgrinding machine, which has a sophisticated control system that enables the production of precision conical lenses. The blasting is carried out on a diamond blasting machine. Plots showing automatic centering performance of the microgrinding machine and scanning electron microscopy images of the conical and spherical lenses are presented. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Two opticaldesigns for marine beacon based on Direct In-line Package (DIP) LED is proposed and demonstrated. The luminous intensity of the marine beacon using DIP LED can achieve to the IALA recommendation's requ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510620629
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510620629
Two opticaldesigns for marine beacon based on Direct In-line Package (DIP) LED is proposed and demonstrated. The luminous intensity of the marine beacon using DIP LED can achieve to the IALA recommendation's requirement of 5 nautical miles. The measurement of color coordinates can also fit the IALA recommendation's requirement. By the surface-structured TIR lens, we successfully keep the divergence angle to 68 degrees in the horizontal direction and converge to 8 degrees in the vertical direction.
We applied an extended version of the Niching-CMA-ES heuristic to search for local minima of the Cooke triplet, a renowned photographic lens design, of which 21 local minima were already known. The considered problem ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510644670
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510644670
We applied an extended version of the Niching-CMA-ES heuristic to search for local minima of the Cooke triplet, a renowned photographic lens design, of which 21 local minima were already known. The considered problem is defined by 6 input (decision) variables, namely the curvatures of the three lenses present in the Cooke triplet, and is driven by a single objective function, that is the RMS spot size. The applied approach found: (i) 19 out of the 21 known minima in a single run;(ii) 540 new local minima with objective values lower/equal to those of the known 21 minima;(iii) a large number of infeasible designs.
The design of a compact contact microscope, which can be used in-vivo to study the cataracts in human eyes is presented. This microscope has the capability to evaluate the changes in the optical density within the eye...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The design of a compact contact microscope, which can be used in-vivo to study the cataracts in human eyes is presented. This microscope has the capability to evaluate the changes in the optical density within the eye lens itself, and thus enabling an examiner to ascertain the progression of a cataractous change or at least the optical changes associated with cataractous development. The microscope has a variable focal length so it can be focused at any depth through the entire thickness of the eye lens. A separate small objective lens is spring loaded against the cornea (like a tonometer tip) so that the natural eye movements can occur safely during the examination. The distance between the objective lens and rest of the optics is variable to accommodate the movements of the eye due to pulse or breathing without affecting the image quality of the instrument. The layer by layer images can be captured on a CCD camera and stored in the computer. The reconstruction software can quantitatively display the characteristics of the cataracts, such as the location, size, and density. The opticaldesign and performance results for the microscope are presented. The optomechanical design features of the microscope are also discussed.
Laser induced damage to optical components severely limits the operatingfluence of high peak power lasers used for fusion research such as the Nova laserat the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In particular, su...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819403954
Laser induced damage to optical components severely limits the operating
fluence of high peak power lasers used for fusion research such as the Nova laser
at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In particular, surfaces and
optical thin films often damage at a lower fluence than bulk materials in large
aperture, high quality optics. We have designed and are fabricating new 94 cm
turning mirrors for Nova as part of the "Precision Nova" program to improve
beam quality. A new design has been optimized for updated optical performance
specifications including increased damage resistance. The new mirror design
will operate at all turning angles required by the ten Nova beamlines. This
flexibility reduces mirror inventory and fabrication cost. A process of
"conditioning" the mirror coating has been developed that is permanent and
increases the damage threshold by as much as a factor of 2-3x.
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