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丛书名： IEEE Press Series on Sensors Series

2023年

作者： Ambarish Paul Mitradip Bhattacharjee Ravinder Dahiya

ISBN: (数字)9781119473114

ISBN: (纸本)9781119473046

Solid-State Sensors A thorough and up-to-date introduction to solid-state sensors, materials, fabrication processes, and applications Solid-State Sensors provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering fundamental principles, underlying theories, sensor materials, fabrication technologies, current and possible future applications, and more. Presented in a clear and accessible format, this reader-friendly textbook describes the fundamentals and classification of all major types of solid-state sensors, including piezoresistive, capacitive, thermometric, optical bio-chemical, magnetic, and acoustic-based sensors. Throughout the text, the authors offer insight into how different solid-state methods complement each other as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages in relation to specific devices and a variety of state-of-the-art applications. Detailed yet concise chapters include numerous visual illustrations and comparative tables of different subtypes of sensors for a given application. With in-depth discussion of recent developments, current research, and key challenges in the field of solid-state sensors, this volume: Describes solid-state sensing parameters and their importance in sensor characterization Explores possible future applications and breakthroughs in associated fields of research Covers the fundamental principles and relevant equations of sensing phenomena Discusses promising smart materials that have the potential for sensing applications Includes an overview of the history, classification, and terminology of sensors With well-balanced coverage of the fundamentals of sensor design, current and emerging applications, and the most recent research developments in the field, Solid-State Sensors is an excellent textbook for advanced students and professionals in disciplines such as Electrical and Electronics engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Biomedical engineering.

关键词： engineering engineering: Civil

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Multifocal Contact Lens HDR Image Simulation Showing Dysphotopsia 23

Multifocal Contact Lens HDR Image Simulation Showing Dysphot...

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Conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXiii Part of SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference

作者： Cvarch, Ben Schwiegerling, Jim Univ Arizona James C Wyant Coll Opt Sci 1630 E Univ Blvd Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510654198;9781510654181

A system is developed for simulating the image quality and dysphotopsia of multifocal lenses. To achieve this, the simulation modifies a High Dynamic Range (HDR) photograph by blurring it with the lens' point spread function in MATLAB. Dysphotopsias are instances of unwanted or missing light within the eye. Common forms of dysphotopsia include glare, starburst (radial lines emanating from bright sources), and halo (rings of light surrounding bright sources) with the latter two typically occurring at night or in other high contrast settings. Dysphotopsia is considered the most common complaint of patients after successful cataract surgery and have thus earned significant attention in the context of intraocular lenses (IOLs). There have been fewer studies of multifocal contact lens dysphotopsia, but this is despite the documented impact dysphotopsia has on the image quality of multifocal lenses. This simulation is the first handling of dysphotopsia that combines HDR images and specifics of the lens design to predict how the dysphotopsia will appear to patients. Being able to show patients accurate simulations of dysphotopsia has the benefit of setting proper patient expectations before they begin using multifocal lenses. Furthermore, these simulated images can also potentially help diagnose patient problems by giving patients an accurate baseline to compare to.

关键词： Multifocal contact lenses presbyopia dysphotopsia HDR optical simulation vision

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Optimized design and Manufacturing Process of Diffuse Micro Corner Cubes for Head Up Projection Display Applications 13

Optimized Design and Manufacturing Process of Diffuse Micro ...

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Advances in Display Technologies Xiii 2023

作者： Martinez, Christophe Quemper, Jean-Marie Lee, Yann Sixt, Pierre Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA Leti GrenobleF-38000 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781510659919

The superposition of digital information in the Field of View (FOV) of a user is the basis of the current developments in Mixed and Augmented Reality. Before being studied for Near Eye Device and Head Mounted Display, this application was implemented in Head Up Display (HUD) to help pilots and drivers to manage both the driving stress and the information flow related to the vehicle. Classical optical design of HUD based on the use of a combiner are strongly limited in FOV due to the issues related to pupil management. To overcome this issue Head Up Projection Displays have been developed based on the projection of digital image directly on the windshield. To support this approach an efficient projection surface that meets bright reflection and clear transparency has to be developed. We have introduced few years ago an optical approach based on retro-reflective transparent projection surface and a manufacturing process to provide microscopic corner cubes that incorporate an optical diffuser function. We present in this contribution an optimized design that increases the efficiency of the retroreflective structure towards 100%. We also discuss a possible technological process that allows the manufacturing of the master used to replicate the microstructure. This process based on grayscale lithography and on Deep Reactive Ion etching (DRIE) may guaranty a high retro-reflection efficiency, a high transparency and a realistic draft to allow a molding manufacturing process for the microstructure fabrication. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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optical Relays for Imaging Scintillators 14

Optical Relays for Imaging Scintillators

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current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXIV 2023

作者： Malone, Robert M. Baker, Stuart A. Frayer, Daniel K. Haines, Todd J. Joyce, Kevin T. Kaufman, Morris I. Manhart, Paul K. Walters, Katherine L. Zepeda-Alarcon, Eloisa Nevada National Security Site Transformational Diagnostic and Imaging 2900 East Rd. Los AlamosNM87544 United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510665460

Cygnus is a dual beam high-energy radiographic x-ray source. Ten years ago, three large zoom lenses were assembled to collect images from 200 mm x 200 mm square scintillators. The zoom capability allows zooming down to a 60 mm x 60 mm picture from the scintillator. current radiographic imaging needs now require larger 270 mm x 270 mm square scintillators and the capability to use both 92 mm x 92 mm and 62 mm x 62 mm CCD cameras, and a new lens design to meet these needs. This zoom lens incorporates 11 elements and is designed to be telecentric. It images a scintillator emitting light peaking at 435 nm, so special glass types are required for the lens elements. Much larger elliptical pellicles are needed to deflect the scintillator light out of the x-ray path into the lens. The optical axis of the imaging system must be colinear with the x-ray axis. Two scintillators are positioned in each of two Cygnus x-ray axes, for a total of four scintillators and four lens systems. An optional configuration will be shown, enabling two lens systems imaging opposite sides of a single scintillator, for a total of four lenses and two scintillators. Although this configuration has advantages, it suffers from crosstalk. Care must be taken to analyze the anti-reflection coatings applied to all the elements in the imaging chain, including the CCD array and its vacuum window. The evolution of our Cygnus radiographic systems over the last two decades will be discussed. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： optical design

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A 56 GHz InP VCO for Use in 112 GBaud (112 GBit/s NRZ or 224 GBit/s PAM-4) InP Integrated optical Receiver Front-End CDR Block

A 56 GHz InP VCO for Use in 112 GBaud (112 GBit/s NRZ or 224...

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Annual IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： Abdullah, Shakeeb Rogers, John W. M. Zhou, Wenyu Amaya, Rony E. Carleton Univ Dept Elect DOE Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323979

This paper presents the design of a 56 GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) designed in an Indium Phosphide (InP) 0.8 mu m kit. InP (iii-V) semiconductor technology was chosen since the fastest photodiodes that currently exists on the market (for use with 112 GBaud) make use of InP PIN diodes. The goal is to integrate everything in one die and one technology of InP (including the PIN diode, front-end transimpedance amplifier (TIA), and CDR blocks with the VCO);for this reason InP was used and to assess if such a VCO can be designed for use in 112 GBit/s NRZ (or 224 GBit/s PAM-4) receiving CDR units. The 56 GHz VCO can either be used directly in a half-rate CDR or be used in a full rate 112 GBaud CDR using a frequency doubler circuit. Post-layout electro-magnetic simulations of the VCO had a tuning range of 55 GHz - 58 GHz. The small tuning range is due to the fact that there were no varactors in the InP kit, hence makeshift HBTs with their limited tuning capacitances were used as the core varactors. The VCO used 11.1 mA of current (including periphery circuitry: buffers & current mirrors) from a 3.3 V supply;for a total power consumption of 36.6 mW. The output signal had a phase noise of -98 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset (which is comparable to similar InP works). The VCO design used a -gm cross coupled pair that can provide differential oscillation to recover the clock signal from a differential data input. The core size of the VCO (meant to be used as part of a CDR unit) required only 113 mu m x 94 mu m of layout space.

关键词： oscillator voltage-control oscillator (VCO) microwave oscillator clock data recovery (CDR) half-rate CDR full-rate CDR optical receiver -gm pair -gm oscillator optical receiver front-end indium phosphide (InP) transimpedance amplifer (TIA) NRZ

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Performance Analysis of Nitride-Based Tunnel-Injection Transistor Laser

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JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN LASER RESEARCH 2022年第3期43卷 361-369页

作者： Kaur, Jaspinder Basu, Rikmantra Sharma, Ajay Kumar Chandigarh Univ Dept Mechatron Engn Mohali 140413 Punjab India Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Delhi 110040 India Natl Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Delhi 110040 India

Ternary alloy InGaN made of iii-V nitrides has attracted significant attention from many researchers in recent years due to its tunable energy band gap from far infra-red (0.7 eV) to deep ultra-violet (3.4 eV) parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This material offers the band lineup, which is one of the most important parameters ensuring the better carrier confinement along the quantum wells (QWs). In this work, we design a strained multiple quantum well (MQW)-based tunnel-injection transistor laser (TI-TL) using InGaN (emitter)/GaN (base)/InGaN (collector) grown on a GaN virtual substrate, followed by an investigation of the optimized optical performance of the designed device with the use of strained QWs. The estimated values of modulation bandwidth are compared with already existing theoretical and experimental values of InGaAs-GaAs TL. Higher optical modulation bandwidth similar to 66.06 GHz and lower base threshold current similar to 1.67 mA, using strained InxGa1-xN QWs, are obtained for the proposed structure, which makes it a potential candidate for high-speed optical devices employed in high bit-rate optical communication networks.

关键词： transistor laser group iii nitrides InGaN GaN multiple quantum wells tunneling band lineup ternary alloy modulation bandwidth

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Applications of bio-derived/bio-inspired materials in the field of interfacial solar steam generation

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3122-3142页

作者： Yang Geng Kai Jiao Xu Liu Peijin Ying Omololu Odunmbaku Yaoxin Zhang Swee Ching Tan Ling Li Wei Zhang Meng Li MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials&Devices Joint LaboratorySchool of Energy&Power EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Department of Materials Science and Engineering CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials&Devices Joint LaboratoryNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117573Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

Interfacial solar steam generation(ISSG)system has attracted extensive attention as a sustainable desalination technology because of its cost efficiency and zero fossil-energy *** at optimizing the desalination properties,materials and system design have been the current research ***,many novel bio-derived/bio-inspired design strategies were proposed owing to their highly efficient structures inherited from nature,which were fine-tuned over eons of evolution,as well as their low cost and ease of *** this review,we are going to systematically report recent progress of various bio-derived/bio-inspired strategies in terms of optical design,wetting,thermal management,and overall system design,presenting an overview of the current challenges of bio-inspired materials in ISSG system and other application *** article is intended to provide a comprehensive review of recent developments about bio-derived/bio-inspired materials in ISSG system and conclude with suggestions regarding further research directions for performance enhancement through design of bio-derived/bio-inspired materials.

关键词： interfacial solar steam generation bio-derived materials bio-inspired materials solar-thermal conversion thermal management

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design and Implementation of an Advanced High-Speed Data Acquisition System for Photoacoustic Tomography 14

Design and Implementation of an Advanced High-Speed Data Acq...

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Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics XIV 2024

作者： Tang, Zhengjun He, Dongsheng Yu, Bin Zhang, Hongwei Yu, Biying Li, Wangbiao Li, Zhifang Li, Hui Wu, Shulian Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Photonic Technology Information Photonics Research Center College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350007 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510682122

Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging, playing an indispensable role in biomedical research and clinical investigations. However, current advanced PAT systems are large in size and expensive, limiting their widespread adoption. Despite attempts to reduce costs by using low-cost light sources, research on sensor driving and data acquisition optimization remains lacking. Therefore, we present a low-cost and high-speed PAT system consisting of a 20Hz pulse frequency PhotoSonus-YAG laser, ultrasound array transducer, a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition system, and *** study designs a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition system (DAS) based on FPGA. The system, with FPGA as the core, DDR iii SDRAM as the storage device, and a 14-bit high-performance ADC as the core analog-to-digital conversion chip, utilizes a USB-based high-speed data acquisition card solution. To meet the demand for synchronous processing of multi-channel signals, the system employs high-end FPGA chips from Xilinx’s ZYNQ7000 series and Texas Instruments’ AFE5816 chips from the ultrasonic AFE series. These components are interconnected via Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) interfaces to ensure high-speed and highly reliable digital signal transmission. The designed high-speed data acquisition system achieves a collection of 65MSPS × 14 Bit × 16 channels, with a maximum data acquisition speed of 1000 frames per second. This design not only significantly reduces the volume and cost of the PAT system but also ensures the quality of image preservation through real-time data acquisition and processing. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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GaAs Truncated Cone Nanowire Array-Based Solar Cells with Carrier Selective Contacts 24

GaAs Truncated Cone Nanowire Array-Based Solar Cells with Ca...

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24th IEEE International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, NUSOD 2024

作者： Sagar, Sumit Rautela, Manisha Kumar, Jitendra Kumar, Amitesh Mukhopadhyay, Samrat Department of Electronics Engineering Jharkhand Dhanbad826004 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390537

Recent advancements in solar cell technology have unveiled the potential of nanowire (NW) structures, particularly those incorporating iii-V materials, for enhanced light absorption and reduced material consumption compared to traditional planar designs. Our research introduces a novel core-shell heterojunction design featuring a p-type GaAs truncated cone NW core and ShN4/TiO2 shell. In this study, the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fill factor (FF) are evaluated to determine the optoelectronic performance of the investigated NWs. Through comprehensive simulations, it has been demonstrated that the optimized structure significantly reduces optical losses and improves minority carrier transport, achieving a power efficiency of 22.487% with an enhancement of 49.74% over conventional truncated cone NWs. This innovative approach yielded a short circuit current density of 26.45 mA/cm2, marking a significant advancement in radial junction NW solar cells. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： iii-V semiconductors

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design Methodologies of InP nanopyramid array based low cost hybrid solar cells

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 58卷 677-681页

作者： Kumar Agnihotri, Suneet Prashant, D.V. Samajdar, D.P. Dept. of ECE Indian Institute of Information Technology Design & Manufacturing Madhya Pradesh Jbalapur482005 India

In recent years, the use of organic materials have gained the interest for photovoltaic (PV) applications owing to its ability to yield maximum throughput, solution phase processes, thereby resulting in low cost power generation. To obtain the twin benefits of low cost and high efficiency, PV cell researchers are investigating the organic–inorganic (hybrid) based solar cells (SCs). Hybrid Solar cells (HSCs) combine organic and inorganic materials in order to make use of the relatively inexpensive manufacturing of organic photovoltaics (OPV) and gaining multiple benefits from the inorganic component, such as tunable optical properties, superior electronic properties and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). iii-V based nanostructures showed exceptional light capturing and charge transport properties, and can be easily combined with organic materials to build HSCs. In this paper, we have investigated the optical and electrical properties of the PTB7:PC71BM/InP truncated nanopyramid (TNP) array based HSC. The investigated structure shows higher optical absorption and optical current density (Jsc) of ∼ 25.4 mA/cm2 when compared to their organic and inorganic counterparts. The photogeneration profile and electric field of the inorganic and HSC are simulated and compared. In addition, the electrical analysis of HSC shows PCE of 18.4% which outperforms their organic and inorganic counterparts. © 2022

关键词： optical properties

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