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检索条件"任意字段=Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference and Exhibition, DHM 2009"

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New anthropometry of human body models for riding comfort simulation

New anthropometry of human body models for riding comfort si...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Kim, Seok-Hwan Hwang, Su-Hwan Lee, Kwang-Noh Pyun, Jong-Kweon Choi, Hyung Yun Kim, Kyung Min Sah, Sungjin Montmayeur, Nicole Hyundai-Kia Motor Company Korea Republic of ME Dept. Hongik University Seoul Korea Republic of ESI Group France

New human body models have been developed with recent anthropometry for riding comfort simulation. External geometry of the models was acquired from the three dimensional whole body laser scanning of recruited volunteers in a driving position. The selection criteria for volunteers with standard size and shape were derived from a statistical factor analysis of the SizeUSA database. As a practical application of the model in a design process, comfortable driving postures were constructed by using the Cascade Prediction Model (CPM) which takes into account both interior package layout and the driver's anthropometry. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Anthropometry

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Statistical representations of human populations in ergonomic design

Statistical representations of human populations in ergonomi...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Wirsching, Hans-Joachim Premkumar, Sandeep Human Solutions GmbH Europaallee 10 67657 Kaiserslautern Germany Human Solutions of North America Inc. United States

Since product development cycles are continuously rationalized, the usage of human models in product design becomes more and more necessary and popular. In particular, they enable designers to evaluate criteria related to anthropometry, such as accessibility and sight conditions, at an early design stage. Usually, it is the designer′s task to design satisfactory accommodation for an entire population or at least a certain subset thereof rather than for single individuals. In practice, most situations preclude covering the entire population at reasonable cost. Consequently, tools are required which provide discrete samples representing the anthropometrics of the target population with respect to design requirements. These samples should be as small as possible in order to limit the evaluation efforts. From the nineties on the human model RAMSIS has been applied in the design process of the automotive industry. Taking into account the automotive customer target population worldwide, RAMSIS provides anthropometrical databases from several nations. This paper presents multi dimensional statistical functions of the digital human model RAMSIS which generate optimal test samples according to specific design and population requirements. They make use of the multi percentile approach and a specific physique typology clustering. These approaches are discussed and compared with the well-known boundary manikin concept. The functions use anthropometrical databases. Several applications and solutions are given, ranging from one-/two-sided problems, where anthropometrics are directly correlated with the design, to complex design problems, where this correlation does not apply anymore. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Automotive industry

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Parameter estimation of the human ankle in the transverse plane during straight walking

Parameter estimation of the human ankle in the transverse pl...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Glaister, Brian C. Orendurff, Michael S. Schoen, Jason A. Klute, Glenn K. University of Washington United States

In order to reduce painful and injurious shear stresses for lower limb amputees, prosthetic ankle joints need to provide torsional control in the transverse plane. This paper attempts to characterize biological ankle function in the transverse plane with simple mechanical elements to assist in the design of a biomimetic prosthetic ankle joint. Motion capture data was collected from ten subjects walking in a straight trajectory to model four states of stance phase. Passive elements were chosen to model the ankle in each state. The ankle was observed to act as a quadratic torsional spring in State 1 and as linear torsional springs in States 2, 3 and 4. The results of this study should assist with the mechanical design and control of a biomimetic torsional prosthesis by suggesting a finite state control system and by providing the stiffness coefficients to be controlled for straight walking. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Shear stress

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Towards a theory of human intraspecific variation for ergonomics and human modeling

Towards a theory of human intraspecific variation for ergono...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Alicea, Bradly Michigan State University United States

human intraspecific variation is a complex problem, but may be better understood by using computational models in tandem with knowledge about the genetic bases of phenotypic traits. These results can be used in a multitude of settings. To move closer to this goal, biologically-realistic mappings between genotype and phenotype are constructed using genetic algorithm and neural network-like models. These models allow for gene-gene and gene-environment interactions to be characterized in the resulting phenotype. Two types of model are introduced: a simple, two-layer model, and a more complex model. The final section will focus on trends of growth and development in relation to relationship to modeling anthropometric traits and other morphological phenomena. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Genes

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A framework for modeling and analysis of human repetitive operations in a production/assembly line

A framework for modeling and analysis of human repetitive op...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Emodi, Chukwumobi T. Zhang, W.J. Lang, Sherman Y. T. Bi, Z.M. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N5A9 Canada IMTI National Research Council 800 Collip Circle London ON N6G 4X8 Canada

Repetitive movements have been found to affect assembly operations in many ways such as increasing the risk of injuries, increasing the cost of production, and reduction in the quality of products. This has been a big problem for industries. The method adopted by these studies seems to pose more injuries to workers as workers need to perform a task to the extreme level of pain to determine if repetitive injuries will occur or not. The method of modeling and simulation of human operations is a valid technique that is effective, but could be complex. Some of the modeling and simulation software packages make use of such guidelines as NIOSH, Snook and Ciriello, RULA, REBA, and Biomechanics single action analysis. However, various applications of these tools in actual ergonomic studies tend to be very time consuming and trivial due to the lack of a valid framework to guide the process. The objective of this paper is to present a detailed sequence of steps for injury analysis given an existing case study. T his framework can be used in conjunction with Delmia V5 software package to optimize various human operations given an existing assembly line. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Software packages

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Sensitivity of preferred driving postures and determination of core seat track adjustment ranges

Sensitivity of preferred driving postures and determination ...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Kyung, Gyouhyung Nussbaum, Maury A. Lee, Seunghwan Kim, Soohwan Baek, Kyungkuk Virginia Tech United States Hyundai Kia Motors Korea Republic of

With advances in virtual prototyping, accurate digital modeling of driving posture is regarded as a fundamental step in the design of ergonomic driver-seat-cabin systems. Extensive work on driving postures has been carried out focusing on the measurement and prediction of driving postures and the determination of comfortable joint angle ranges. However, studies on postural sensitivity are scarce. The current study investigated whether a driver-selected posture actually represents the most preferred one, by comparing the former with ratings of postures selected at 20 predefined places around the original hip joint center (HJC). An experiment was undertaken in a lab setting, using two distinctive driving package geometries: one for a sedan and the other for an SUV. The 20 postural ratings were compared with that of the initial user-selected position. Alternative HJC locations for each gender, age and stature groups were identified where a postural rating was close to, and sometimes even higher than, the initial score. Using these ratings, equal comfort contour maps with respect to HJC were drawn for each group. In addition, SAE recommended practices related to the positioning of HJC as well as eyes and ball of foot (BOF) were evaluated. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Automotive engineering

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A robust formulation for prediction of human running

A robust formulation for prediction of human running

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Chung, Hyun-Joon Xiang, Yujiang Mathai, Anith Rahmatalla, Salam Kim, Joo Marler, Timothy Beck, Steve Yang, Jingzhou Arora, Jasbir Abdel-Malek, Karim Obusek, John University of Iowa United States U.S. Army Soldier Center United States

A method to simulate digital human running using an optimization-based approach is presented. The digital human is considered as a mechanical system that includes link lengths, mass moments of inertia, joint torques, and external forces. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem to determine the joint angle profiles. The kinematics analysis of the model is carried out using the Denavit-Hartenberg method. The B-spline approximation is used for discretization of the joint angle profiles, and the recursive formulation is used for the dynamic equilibrium analysis. The equations of motion thus obtained are treated as equality constraints in the optimization process. With this formulation, a method for the integration of constrained equations of motion is not required. This is a unique feature of the present formulation and has advantages for the numerical solution process. The formulation also offers considerable flexibility for simulating different running conditions quite routinely. The zero moment point (ZMP) constraint during the foot support phase is imposed in the optimization problem. The proposed approach works quite well, and several realistic simulations of human running are generated. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Equations of motion

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Integrated modeling framework for anthropometry and physiology virtual body

Integrated modeling framework for anthropometry and physiolo...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Wilkerson, Patrick Przekwas, Andrzej CFD Research Corporation 215 Wynn Drive Huntsville AL 35805 United States

We believe that the future of human body testing in military and civilian applications is in using a new generation of "dummies" - "virtual humans". CFDRC's CMB (Computational Medicine and Biology) research group has developed an integrated bioinformatics software framework for intelligent analysis of biomedical databases, generation of geometrical models for simulations, and modeling setup for human biomechanical and physiological performance. The integrated 3D Java based software framework is a fully user-interactive Virtual Body framework for creation and editing the Virtual Body and acting as a front end for multi-scale anthropometry/anatomy physics based simulation software. This paper presents a software framework for visual manipulation and processing of human body anthropometric, skeletal, vascular and other anatomical databases. We have demonstrated the framework for scan/anatomy based virtual human body model generation and predictive simulation of cardiovascular system responses to high-g aircraft maneuvers. The fully developed Virtual Body will allow for complete user control and editing of morphing capabilities of various anatomical systems, including current skeletal and vascular systems, with a framework designed for additional anatomical systems such as muscular, skin, and organs. It provides the capability to generate/edit the static/dynamic human body models from laser scans, anthropometric databases, and other image based anatomical techniques, for predictive modeling of human body performance. The Virtual Body also acts as a data-generator/preprocessor for available human body simulation software including biomechanics, ergonomics, cardiopulmonary physiology, blast injury and other simulators. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Anthropometry

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A framework to study human response to whole body vibration

A framework to study human response to whole body vibration

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Rahmatalla, Salam Xia, Ting Ankrum, James Wilder, David Law, Laura Frey Abdel-Malek, Karim Contratto, Michael Kopp, Greg University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Caterpillar Inc. United States

A framework to study the response of seated operators to whole-body vibration (WBV) is presented in this work. The framework consists of (i) a six-degree-of-freedom man-rated motion platform to play back ride files of typical heavy off-road machines;(ii) an optical motion capture system to collect 3D motion data of the operators and the surrounding environment (seat and platform);(iii) a computer skeletal model to embody the tested subjects in terms of their body dimensions, joint centers, and inertia properties;(iv) a marker placement protocol for seated positions that facilitates the process of collecting data of the lower thoracic and the lumbar regions of the spine regardless of the existence of the seatback;and (v) a computer human model to solve the inverse kinematics/dynamic problem for the joint profiles and joint torques. The proposed framework uses experimental data to answer critical questions regarding human response to WBV. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Inverse kinematics

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Virtual Seat manufacturing and testing for FMVSS 202a backset prediction

Virtual Seat manufacturing and testing for FMVSS 202a backse...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Montmayeur, Nicole Marca, Christian Dwarampudi, Ramesh Kolich, Michael Nunez, Steve ESI Group United States FORD Motor Company United States

CAE capabilities have long been used for performing static and dynamic structural analysis during the seat design process. More recently, the soft parts of the seat including foams, trim and suspension have also been modeled with CAE. The purpose of this modeling is to better understand the physical phenomena which are involved in the sitting process, to enhance seat design knowledge, and to replace as much physical testing during the design process with virtual, CAE testing. This paper presents the first part of a multi-phased, both experimental and numerical project. The aim of this first stage is to assess the capabilities of a CAE methodology to predict FMVSS 202a backset. Based on CAD data, a finite element mesh of the seat was built. The mechanical behavior of all parts was characterized through experiments on material samples. The trimming process for the bottom cushion and the backrest were simulated, in order to evaluate the residual stresses resulting from the manufacturing stage. The resulting seat model was used to simulate the positioning of the SAE J826 dummy into the seat, together with the Head Restraint Measuring Device. The backset value was computed and compared to the experimental one. Copyright © 2007 SAE International.

关键词： Computer aided design

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