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检索条件"任意字段=Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference and Exhibition, DHM 2009"

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A study on head injury risk in car-to-pedestrian collisions using FE-model

A study on head injury risk in car-to-pedestrian collisions ...

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition, dhm 2009

作者： Chen, Yong Yang, Jikuang Xu, Wei State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body Hunan University China Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

Head injury is quite frequently occurred in car-to-pedestrian collisions, which often places an enormous burden to victims and society. To address head protection and understand the head injury mechanisms, in-depth accident investigation and accident reconstructions were conducted. A total of 6 passenger-cars to adult-pedestrian accidents were sampled from the in-depth accident investigation in Changsha China. Accidents were firstly reconstructed by using Multi-bodies (MBS) pedestrian and car models. The head impact conditions such as head impact velocity;position and orientation were calculated from MBS reconstructions, which were then employed to set the initial conditions in the simulation of a head model striking a windshield using Finite Element (FE) head and windshield models. The intracranial pressure and stress distribution of the FE head model were calculated and correlated with the injury outcomes. Reconstruction results show that the coup/contre-coup pressure, Von Mises stress and shear stress are important physical parameters to predict the brain injury risks. Copyright © 2009 SAE International.

关键词： Finite element method

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A study of car safety performance in side impact using human head FE model

A study of car safety performance in side impact using human...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition, dhm 2009

作者： Zhang, Bin Yang, Jikuang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body Hunan University China Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

This research investigated the safety performance of a passenger car in side collisions, using a side air-curtain protective device to minimize the risk of head-brain injuries. Traumatic brain injury in passenger vehicle side collisions is one of the common injury patterns with fatal consequences in traffic accidents. A dummy head has limited capability to evaluate vehicle safety performance with detailed injury related physical parameters. Continuous development of mathematical models has provided efficient tools for assessing the safety performance of a protective device. A validated head-brain FE model and air-curtain model was employed to simulate the impact responses of head-brain to B-pillar and further quantify the effect of the air-curtain on the protection of the human head in side collisions. A parametric study was conducted using the design of experiment approach. The kinematics of a head impacting the B-pillar and the air-curtain are presented. The calculated physical parameters from the head-brain FE model include the distribution of von Mises stress, shear stress, coup pressure, contrecoup pressure, and accelerations during vehicle side collision. Study outcomes suggested that using a side air-curtain protective device can reduce von Mises stress, shear stress, coup pressure, contrecoup pressure, and deceleration rate during vehicle side impact. The efficiency of the protective device for head-brain injuries is identified by reducing the HIC (Head Injury Criterion) to 80% of original values. Copyright © 2009 SAE International.

关键词： design of experiments

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Virtual body generator for anthropometry and physiology based modeling

Virtual body generator for anthropometry and physiology base...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition, dhm 2009

作者： Wilkerson, Patrick Zhou, Xianlian Przekwas, Andrzej Buhrman, John Cheng, Huaining CFD Research Corporation 215 Wynn Drive Huntsville AL 35805 United States Air Force Research Laboratory

We believe that the future of human body testing in military and civilian applications is in using a new generation of "dummies" - "virtual humans". CFDRC's CMB (Computational Medicine and Biology) research group has developed an integrated bioinformatics software framework for intelligent analysis of biomedical databases, generation of geometrical models for simulations, and modeling setup for human biomechanical and physiological performance. The integrated 3D Java based software framework is a fully user-interactive Virtual Body framework for creation and editing the Virtual Body and acting as a front end for multi-scale anthropometry/anatomy physics based simulation software. This paper presents a software framework for visual manipulation and processing of human body anthropometric, skeletal, joint, skin, vascular and other anatomical databases. We have demonstrated the framework for scan/anatomy based virtual human body model generation and predictive simulation of cardiovascular system responses to high-g aircraft maneuvers and blast wave impact. The Virtual Body software allows for complete user control and editing of morphing capabilities of various anatomical systems, including the skin, joints, skeleton, vasculature and organs, with a framework designed for additional anatomical systems such as muscles, nerves and lymphatics. It provides the capability to generate/edit the static/dynamic human body models from laser scans, anthropometric databases, and other image based anatomical techniques such as motion capture, for predictive modeling of human body performance. The generated anatomical systems in the Virtual Body are fully linked together, with all anatomical systems mapped to the underlying skeleton framework, allowing for complete manipulation of all anatomical systems via skeleton framework manipulation. The Virtual Body also acts as a data-generator/preprocessor for available human body simulation software including biomechanics, ergonomics, cardi

关键词： Anthropometry

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Testing and modeling of elevator door retention during hallway applied lateral loads

Testing and modeling of elevator door retention during hallw...

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition, dhm 2009

作者： Wiechel, John F. First, Andrew Peterman, Elaine K. Morr, Douglas R. Tanner, C. Brian Boggess, Brian M. Ohio State University United States SEA Limited

Most do not consider there to be a risk in pushing on, bumping into or falling against an elevator door from the hallway side. However, the lack of the elevator cars presence alone, and the potential for severe injury or even death make this seemingly mundane situation potentially critical. Standards exist relative to such situations, and past and current designs attempt to account for this possibility, still people get injured interacting with these doors every year. In order to evaluate a real-world elevator door system's ability to withstand the quasi-static and impactive loads that can be placed on it by the general public during its life, both intentionally and unintentionally, a predictive tool is needed. This work represents the combination of empirical laboratory testing and numerical modeling of a typical elevator door system exposed to quasi-static and dynamic loading. The test procedures and methodology employed in this work provided repeatable and reliable results in quasi-static and dynamic testing. Numerical simulation using MADYMO established a robust and accurate quasi-static model of a primary door failure mode. The quasi-static MADYMO model can be used for quasi-static loading at any height of load application on the door and at any gib engagement depth up to full engagement with reliable and repeatable results. The dynamic MADYMO model showed accuracy at the 3 mm (0.12 in.) gib engagement depth at any contact height and any contact speed. A preliminary 6 mm (0.24 in.) gib engagement depth dynamic model has been verified for full-mass impacts of up to 1.5 m/s (4.8 ft/s). Copyright © 2009 SAE International.

关键词： Numerical models

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Customized shoe-lasts modeling based on 3D measurement

Customized shoe-lasts modeling based on 3D measurement

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2009 International conference on Information engineering and Computer Science, ICIECS 2009

作者： Wu, Lu-Shen Wu, Guoqiang Qingjin, Peng Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Manitoba R3T5V6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449941

This research aims at improving efficiency and variety of shoe-lasts modeling in the footwear industry. A novel digital method is proposed for customized shoe-last modeling based on the analysis and research of human foot features and the shoe-last design theory. The method uses 3D foot data measured from human feet, combines with shoe-last design specifications and the force analysis of feet-shoe to decide the profile of shoe-lasts. The design of shoe-lasts is based on the action analysis of feet and shoes, foot features, discrete modeling methods and the variable subdivision modeling theory. The proposed method can perform a complete process from design to manufacturing of customized shoe-lasts. The experimental results show its feasibility. It is significant for customized shoe-lasts design and manufacturing. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Reverse engineering

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A framework for preservable geometry-centric artifacts 09

A framework for preservable geometry-centric artifacts

引用

SPM 2009: SIAM/ACM Joint conference on Geometric and Physical modeling

作者： Regli, William C. Grauer, Michael Kopena, Joseph B. Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587110

digital preservation is the mitigation of the deleterious effects of technology obsolescence, media degradation, and fading human memory. For engineering, design, manufacturing, and physicsbased simulation data this requires formats that are semantically accessible for 30-to-50 year lifespans. One of the fundamental challenges is the development of digital geometry-centric engineering representations that are self describing and assured to be interpretable over the long lifespans required by archival applications. This paper introduces the challenge of long-term preservation of digital geometric models. We describe a digital preservation case study for an engineering model which required, for just a single part, over 3.5 GB of data, including 39 file formats and over 750 distinct model and shape files. Based on lessons learned in this case study, we present a framework for enhancing the preservation of geometry-centric engineering knowledge. This framework is currently being used on a number of projects in engineering education. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Computer graphics

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Multilevel Analysis of human Performance Models in Safety-Critical Systems

Multilevel Analysis of Human Performance Models in Safety-Cr...

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2nd International conference on digital human modeling held at the HCI International 2009

作者： Dzaack, Jeronimo Urbas, Leon Tech Univ Berlin Dept Psychol & Ergon Chair Human Machine Syst D-1000 Berlin Germany Tech Univ Dresden Inst Automat Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642028083

Safety-critical systems are technical systems whose failure may cause injury or death to human beings. Tools used in the design and evaluation of safety-critical systems are redundancy and formal methods to ensure a proper operating behavior. To integrate human factors into the engineering-process of safety-critical systems it is necessary to take into account cognitive aspects of human beings while interacting with these systems. Formal human performance models can be applied to support the design and evaluation. These cognitive models interact with the technical system and provide a wide range of objective data (e.g., execution times). But using human performance models requires validating their behavior and internal structure in advance. Especially in the context of safety-critical systems this is an important issue. In this contribution the possibilities of multilevel analysis of human performance models are shown and discussed. Selected tools are introduced and related to a derived taxonomy of multilevel analysis.

关键词： cognitive architectures multilevel analysis human performance models tools human factor evaluation and design safety-critical systems

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A human-centered Virtual Assembly System

A Human-centered Virtual Assembly System

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7th International conference on e-engineering and digital Enterprise Technology

作者： Chen, Peng Xia, Pingjun Lang, Yuedong Yao, Yingxue Harbin Inst Technol Sch Mechatron Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780878492992

Virtual manufacturing technology has become an effective method for decision and planning in manufacturing. Due to ergonomics problems are widely concerned in assembly design planning, a human-centered virtual assembly system framework is proposed for ergonomics analysis for assembly operation in this paper. The six-layer framework integrates virtual human modeling, motion capture and recognition, ergonomics evaluation and virtual assembly process planning as an organic whole. Data exchanging and system function are discussed based on this framework. The work in virtual reality (VR) technology, motion capture technology, ergonomics method and optimization method for implementing the system is also described. The framework would provide a new approach for the combination of virtual manufacturing and ergonomics analysis in the future.

关键词： Virtual assembly Virtual human Ergonomics Motion capture

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Replication and Automation of Expert Judgments: Information engineering in Legal E-Discovery

Replication and Automation of Expert Judgments: Information ...

引用

IEEE International conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Hedin, Bruce Oard, Douglas W. H5 San Francisco CA 94105 USA Univ Maryland Coll Informat Studies College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland UMIACS CLIP Lab College Pk MD 20742 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427932

The retrieval of digital evidence responsive to discovery requests in civil litigation, known in the United States as "e-discovery," presents several important and understudied conditions and challenges. Among the most important of these are (i) that the definition of responsiveness that governs the search effort can be learned and made explicit through effective interaction with the responding party, (ii) that the governing definition of responsiveness is generally complex, deriving both from considerations of subject-matter relevance and from considerations of litigation strategy, and (iii) that the result of the search effort is a set (rather than a ranked list) of documents, and sometimes a quite large set, that is turned over to the requesting party and that the responding party certifies to be an accurate and complete response to the request. This paper describes the design of an "Interactive Task" for the Text Retrieval conference's Legal Track that had the evaluation of the effectiveness of e-discovery applications at the "responsive review" task as its goal. Notable features of the 2008 Interactive Task were high-fidelity human-system task modeling, authority control for the definition of "responsiveness," and relatively deep sampling for estimation of type 1 and type 2 errors (expressed as "precision" and "recall"). The paper presents a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation design from the perspectives of reliability, reusability, and cost-benefit tradeoffs.

关键词： human-machine cooperation and systems Information retrieval Search methods User modeling Legal factors

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Description and Evaluation of the Variability of human Color Vision in an Anti-piracy Context

Description and Evaluation of the Variability of Human Color...

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17th Color Imaging conference on Color Science and engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications

作者： Doyen, Didier Sacre, Jean-Jacques Blonde, Laurent Thomson Technicolor R&D Signal Proc Activ Cesson Sevigne France

ISBN: (纸本)9780892082889

In the context of anti-piracy / anti-camcorder in digital cinemas a major requirement is invisibility of inserted pattern for the legal viewer watching the main cinema screen. On the basis of a multispectral projection system developed to create color metamers, we faced the need to explore and understand better color vision variability. This paper first presents the application context and the problem to solve. Then the CIE-2006 model is introduced, complemented with a brief overview of genetic aspects of color vision, as these were the basis for the study. Variability of color vision is then evaluated, first on a set of Stiles and Burch observers and then on observers in our digital cinema context. Two experiments are then presented, incremental steps towards the system improvement. The two experiments reveal coherent disparities for the different observers, modeling these disparities as L- and M- cone fundamentals shifts. The improvement between the first and the second experiment is shown in terms of closeness to a standard observer. This gain is a clear result of integrating color perception knowledge in the system design. It is as well a definite step towards acceptance of the metamer images by a wide and varied population of cinema observers.

关键词： Crime

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