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检索条件"任意字段=Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference and Exhibition, DHM 2009"

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Optimization-based dynamic human lifting prediction

Optimization-based dynamic human lifting prediction

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Xiang, Yujiang Rahmatalla, Salam Chung, Hyun-Joon Kim, Joo Bhatt, Rajankumar Mathai, Anith Beck, Steve Marler, Timothy Yang, Jingzhou Arora, Jasbir S. Abdel-Malek, Karim Obusek, John P. University of Iowa United States US Army Natick Soldier Research United States

In this study, an optimization-based approach for simulating the lifting motion of a three dimensional digital human model is presented. Lifting motion is generated by minimizing a performance measure subjected to basic physical and kinematical constraints. Two performance measures are investigated: one is the dynamic effort;the other is the compression and shear forces on the lumbar joint. The lifting strategies are predicted with different performance measures. The joint strength (torque limit) and the compression and shear force on lumbar joint are also addressed in this study to avoid injury during lifting motion. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Automotive engineering

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Construction of 3d skeletal model for pronation and supination of the forearm

Construction of 3d skeletal model for pronation and supinati...

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Kawano, Tsuneo Fukui, Yutaka Sugimura, Nobuhiro Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Setsunan University 17-8 Ikeda-nakamachi Neyagawa Osaka 572-8508 Japan Osaka Prefecture University Japan

The purpose of this study is to construct a 3D skeletal model consisting of ulna and radius of human forearm in order to develop a digital human model with real forearm structure and simulate the 3D movements of pronation and supination of the forearm. To analyze in-vivo 3D kinematics of the forearm rotation, helical CT-data were acquired from three male subjects in four rotational positions of the right forearm, i.e. maximal pronation, 45° pronation, neutral, and maximal supination. This procedure was repeated in each case of extension and flexion of the arm. Based on the CT-data a 3D graphical model of the forearm consisting of the ulna and radius was constructed to simulate the torsional movements of the forearm. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Automotive engineering

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Prediction of in-vehicle reach surfaces and discomfort by digital human models

Prediction of in-vehicle reach surfaces and discomfort by di...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Wang, Xuguang Chevalot, Nicolas Trasbot, Jules Case 24 25 avenue Fraņois Mitterrand F-69675 Bron France Renault France

Recently, we proposed a unified data based approach which aimed at predicting both reach envelopes and reach discomfort for a digital human model [1]. In this approach, four reach surfaces, from half-flexed arm distance to maximum reach with torso participation, need to be defined. The discomfort associated with a point on each surface is defined at first. Then, the discomfort of an intermediate distance between two reach distances is interpolated. The proposed approach was demonstrated on a reaching task corresponding to push a toggle switch from a seated posture without seat back. As data were collected in an environment which is different from the driving situation, these data can not be directly applied to driver's reach capacity and discomfort. In this study, we will apply this approach for in-car driver's reach for predicting different reach envelopes and discomfort. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Forecasting

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Optimal product sizing through digital human models

Optimal product sizing through digital human models

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Garneau, Christopher J. Parkinson, Matthew B. Pennsylvania State University United States

designing for human variability (DfHV) requires efficient allocation of sizing and adjustability. This can preserve product performance while reducing some measures of cost. For example, specifying only as much adjustability as necessary for a desired level of accommodation leads to devices which are better suited to their users and more cost efficient. Similarly, when multiple sizes of an adjustable artifact are to be produced, specifying only as many sizes as are necessary, with an appropriate amount of adjustability per size, leads to a set of products that cost less, require fewer unique parts, facilitate maintenance standardization, and ease inventory control. An alternative to the standard procedure of evenly dividing size ranges is considered wherein an equal degree of accommodation per size is also presented. A simple example related to exercise bicycle seat height is discussed. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Inventory control

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Reconstructing and evaluating a workplace fatality using human motion capture

Reconstructing and evaluating a workplace fatality using hum...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Fay, Richard J. Fay, Patrick M. Fay Engineering Corporation

This Case Study documents our company's efforts to demystify a baffling on-the-job fatality. A central part of the solution was human Motion Capture. Our company was hired to find out what occurred when a railroad worker was fatally injured by a moving train while dismounting his own locomotive. human Motion Capture was used in combination with aerial photography, nighttime videography, computer graphics, witness testimony and actual railroad equipment to produce a visualization video. The resulting visualization assisted all parties in understanding how this workplace fatality happened. This understanding led to an out-of-court settlement. human Motion Capture enabled a scientifically accurate reenactment of the accident using actual equipment without producing a second fatality. This paper could aid anyone analyzing a serious workplace injury, either for reconstruction or worker safety training purposes. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Visualization

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Dynamic optimization of human stair-climbing motion

Dynamic optimization of human stair-climbing motion

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Bhatt, Rajankumar Xiang, Yujiang Kim, Joo Mathai, Anith Penmatsa, Rajeev Chung, Hyun-Joon Kwon, Hyun-Jung Patrick, Amos Rahmatalla, Salam Marler, Timothy Beck, Steve Yang, Jingzhou Arora, Jasbir Abdel-Malek, Karim Obusek, John P. University of Iowa United States US Army Natick Soldier Research United States

The objective of this paper is to present our method of predicting and simulating visually realistic and dynamically consistent human stair-climbing motion. The digital human is modeled as a 55-degrees of freedom branched mechanical system with associated human anthropometry-based link lengths, mass moments of inertia, and centers of gravity. The joint angle profiles are determined using a B-spline-based parametric optimization technique subject to different physics-based, task-based, and environment-based constraints. The formulation offers the ability to study effects of the magnitude and location of external forces on the resulting joint angle profiles and joint torque profiles. Several virtual experiments are conducted using this optimization-based approach and results are presented. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Gravitation

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A validation protocol for predictive human locomotion

A validation protocol for predictive human locomotion

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Rahmatalla, Salam Xiang, Yujiang Smith, Rosalind Li, Jinzheng Muesch, John Bhatt, Rajan Swan, Colby Arora, Jasbir S. Abdel-Malek, Karim Civil and Environmental Engineering Iowa City IA 52242 United States

A framework to validate the predicted motion of a computer human model (Santos) is presented in this work. The proposed validation framework is a task-based methodology. It depends on the comparison of selected motion determinants and joint angles that play major roles in the task, using qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques. In the present work, the validation of Santos walking will be presented. Fortunately, the determinants for normal walking are well defined in the literature and can be represented by (i) hip flexion/extension, (ii) knee flexion/extension, (iii) ankle plantar/dorsiflexion, (iv) pelvic tilt, (v) pelvic rotation, and (vi) lateral pelvic displacement. While Santos is an ongoing research project, the results have shown significant qualitative agreements between the walking determinants of Santos and the walking determinants of four normal subjects. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Physiological models

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Optimization-based grasp posture generation method of digital hand for virtual ergonomics assessment

Optimization-based grasp posture generation method of digita...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Endo, Yui Kanai, Satoshi Miyata, Natsuki Kouchi, Makiko Mochimaru, Masaaki Konno, Jun Ogasawara, Michiyo Shimokawa, Marie Department of Systems Science and Informatics Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Japan Japan Nikon Corporation

Automatically generating humanlike grasp postures of the digital hand is a key issue for the virtual ergonomic assessment of the industrial products. In this paper we propose a new optimization-based approach for generating the realistic grasp posture. As an objective function, we use the number of the contact points, the fit of the specific part of the hand surface for the feature edges of the product surface and the margin for the constraints on the joint angle limits of the figures. The experimental studies on the grasp posture generation for the digital camera indicate that more realistic grasp posture could be generated using the proposed optimization-based method than the one using our former method. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Ergonomics

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Evaluation of accuracy in traditional and 3D anthropometry

Evaluation of accuracy in traditional and 3D anthropometry

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Kouchi, Makiko Mochimaru, Masaaki National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Tokyo Japan Digital Human Research Center AIST Tokyo Japan

We evaluated the accuracy of two types of 3D body scanners and scan-derived measurements using three types of test objects: a gauge;an anthropomorphic dummy;and human subjects. To provide the background data to show the necessity of such evaluation, repeatability of landmarking by a measurer and the repeatability of the landmark locations determined manually using a mouse were evaluated. The results showed that (1) repeatability of scan-derived body dimensions were not always better than manual measurements obtained by traditional methods, (2) the errors in landmarking by a measurer were not always the main cause of measurement errors in scan-derived measurements, (3) accuracy of whole-body scanners was not uniform within the scanning volume, and (4) evaluation using a dummy could underestimate the measurement errors in the human scan-derived data. This protocol may be available for other scanner systems. The necessity of a much simpler certification protocol for daily use was also discussed. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Measurement errors

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Realistic flesh deformation for digital humans in ergonomics modeling

Realistic flesh deformation for digital humans in ergonomics...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Hermawati, Setia Marshall, Russell Loughborough University United Kingdom

This paper presents PhD research aimed at developing a method to create a flesh deformation around the joint that was automatic, realistic (visually), accurate (dimensionally) and supported real time application for human models in ergonomics CAD modeling. The initial approach was to construct a template model to support the deformation method and to support the representation of any body shape and size. The template was constructed to allow fitting to 3D data obtained from a whole body scanner e.g. TC[2] NX12. The flesh deformation model was enabled by using a series of cross sections through the relevant limb, together with a perpendicular profile to form a surface. Using the elbow as an initial joint, cross sections were captured from subjects representing different body types (endomorphs, ectomorphs, mesomorphs). Five cross sections and a perpendicular profile were collected through a range of physical measures and digitized photographs for each of four key postures (natural posture (fully extended), 135° flexion, 90° flexion and maximum flexion). The key postures were then used to inform the deformation in any arbitrary posture by means of linear interpolation. Results so far show that the method was able to recreate flesh deformation around the elbow. Validation is currently taking place to ensure the accuracy of the deformation for arbitrary postures. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Deformation

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