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检索条件"任意字段=Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Conference and Exhibition, DHM 2009"

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Multivariate design inclusion using HADRIAN

Multivariate design inclusion using HADRIAN

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Marshall, Russell Summerskill, Steve Porter, Mark Case, Keith Sims, Ruth Gyi, Diane Davis, Peter Loughborough University United Kingdom

This paper details the development of our computer based design tool: HADRIAN. Developed to address the area of user accommodation within design and in particular the support for 'design for all', HADRIAN provides an integrated database and analysis system. The data element of HADRIAN is an attempt to simplify the understanding and use of ergonomics data by the design community in addition to encouraging empathy with the end user. Anthropometry and functional abilities were collected from 100 individuals many of whom are older or have some form of disability. In addition, behavioural data was collected from the individuals performing common tasks associated with daily living and the use of transport. The individuals in the database effectively form a virtual user group that can then be used to investigate and evaluate a concept design of a product, or environment through a task analysis feature. Further developments for the HADRIAN tool also include an inclusive journey planner that allows individual travellers, or transport planners to evaluate the inclusiveness of a particular route. Together this package of tools provides a richer, more accessible set of data for human modelling and ergonomics design, and a means to assess the inclusiveness of a product, environment, or journey. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Product design

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New features for the sight analysis with RAMSIS

New features for the sight analysis with RAMSIS

引用

digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Remlinger, Wolfram Bubb, Heiner Wirsching, Hans-Joachim Technische Universität München Department of Ergonomics Germany HUMAN SOLUTIONS GmbH Kaiserslautern Germany

Ergonomic product design can be divided into the parts of physical ergonomics (anthropometrics) and cognitive ergonomics. I regard to the visual cognition, the anthropometric and cognitive ergonomics are very closely connected. The visual cognition process is based on physical as well as psychological components. The information processing in the brain needs the visual perception with the eyes. This visual perception needs some optical attributes for good viewing conditions of the eye. The international widely-used 3D-Man-Model System RAMSIS receives some additional functionality for analysis and practical design of to simulate these viewing conditions in the car. These new RAMSIS functions include methods for the analysis of reflective glare, visual acuity, reading precision, visual fields, limited accomodation, glasses, progressive addition lenses and electronic displays. These capabilities will enable a RAMSIS user to allow for (degraded) visual performance when designing user interfaces displays in cars. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： User interfaces

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General biped motion and balance of a human model

General biped motion and balance of a human model

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Kim, Joo H. Xiang, Yujiang Bhatt, Rajan Yang, Jingzhou Chung, Hyun-Joon Patrick, Amos Mathai, Anith J. Arora, Jasbir S. Abdel-Malek, Karim Obusek, John P. University of Iowa U.S. Army VSR Program Center for Computer-Aided Design Iowa City IA United States US Army Natick Soldier Research United States

We propose an algorithm of predicting dynamic biped motions of Santos™ human model. An alternative and efficient formulation of the Zero-Moment Point (ZMP) for dynamic balance and the approximated ground reaction forces/moments are derived from the resultant reaction loads, which includes the gravity, the externally applied loads, and the inertia. The optimization problem is formulated to address the redundancy of the human task, where the general biped and the task-specific constraints are imposed depending on the task requirements. The proposed method is fully predictive and generates physically feasible human-like motions from scratch without any input reference from motion capture or animation. The resulting generated motions demonstrate how a human reacts effectively to different external load conditions in performing a given task by showing realistic features of cause and effect. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Biophysics

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MADYMO model to assess lumbar spine loading during activities of daily living

MADYMO model to assess lumbar spine loading during activitie...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Freyder, Dawn R. Peterman, Elaine K. Moor, Douglas R. Ratliff, Adam R. Wiechel, John F. SEA Limited Ohio State University United States

Determining injury causation and/or developing injury thresholds is important, specifically in the lumbar spine during minor accidents. Much work has been done to study cervical spine behavior, however, there is a lack of data on injury thresholds of the lumbar spine and on lumbar exposure during these minor events. A MADYMO model was developed to quantify the lumbar loads and accelerations experienced when dropping down onto a surface into a seated position. The model was validated using data collected during tests involving an instrumented Hybrid III dummy. This work shows that MADYMO models can be used to predict the lumbar spine's exposure during common everyday activities. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Automotive engineering

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Comparison of impact configurations for the development of a crash-test standard in motorcycle safety using a human model

Comparison of impact configurations for the development of a...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Peldschus, Steffen Schuller, Erich Garcia, David Pérez-Magallón, Begoña Mansilla, Alberto Biomechanics Group Institute for Legal Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Nussbaumstr 26 80336 Munich Germany CIDAUT Spain

The problem of injuries to motorcyclists caused by impacts on roadside barriers has been a research issue for more than two decades. Within the European research project APROSYS SP4 "Motorcycle Accidents", a European crash test standard for the assessment of impact performance of roadside barriers with respect to injury risks will be proposed. The focus of this work is on the sliding impact after the separation of the rider from the powered two-wheeler. The human model for crash simulation HUMOS2 was applied to gain insights into injury mechanisms. It was found that an impact configuration specifically aiming at the loading of the thorax does not need to be included in a test standard. As there are no crash-test dummies available that have specifically been developed and validated for this application, the use of a numerical human body model is the only way to gain insight into the described problem without conducting PMHS tests. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Motorcycles

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Posture maintenance of the human upper extremity;Identification of intrinsic and reflex based contributions

Posture maintenance of the human upper extremity;Identificat...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Happee, Riender De Vlugt, Erwin Schouten, Alfred C. Delft University of Technology Netherlands

Neuromuscular stabilization has been investigated for the human upper extremity. Force perturbation methods have been applied to characterize the human joint resistance. Non-parametric identification was used to derive transfer functions describing arm admittance and neural feedback. Using parametric identification the intrinsic and reflexive contributions could be unraveled into physical model parameters. The intrinsic resistance is represented as joint stiffness and damping attributed to muscle co-contraction. The reflexive feedback is represented by neural feedback delays and gains. Results show that the intrinsic and reflexive joint resistance vary strongly with experimental conditions and depend in particular on the task instructions, the perturbations, the posture and on the manipulator (payload) mass and damping. Within conditions consistent results are found within and between subjects. In most cases a considerable part of the motion resistance was attributed to the intrinsic joint resistance apparently caused by muscle co-contraction. Reflexive feedback is primarily effective in the lower frequency range. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Feedback

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Functional mobility testing: A novel method to create suit design requirements

Functional mobility testing: A novel method to create suit d...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： England, Scott A. Benson, Elizabeth A. Rajulu, Sudhakar L. MEI Technologies Inc. NASA Human Factors Design Engineer Anthropometry and Biomechanics Facility NASA Johnson Space Center 2101 NASA Road One M/C: SF3 Houston TX 77058 United States

This study was performed to aide in the creation of design requirements for the next generation of space suits that more accurately describe the level of mobility necessary for a suited crewmember through the use of an innovative methodology utilizing functional mobility. A novel method was utilized involving the collection of kinematic data while 20 subjects (10 male, 10 female) performed pertinent functional tasks that will be required of a suited crewmember during various phases of a lunar mission. These tasks were selected based on relevance and criticality from a larger list of tasks that may be carried out by the crew. Kinematic data was processed through Vicon BodyBuilder software to calculate joint angles for the ankle, knee, hip, torso, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Maximum functional mobility was consistently lower than maximum isolated mobility. This study suggests that conventional methods for establishing design requirements for human-systems interfaces based on maximal isolated joint capabilities may overestimate the required mobility. Additionally, this method provides a valuable means of evaluating systems created from these requirements by comparing the mobility available in a new spacesuit, or the mobility required to use a new piece of hardware, to this newly established database of functional mobility. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： design

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A multi-variable regression model for ergonomic lifting analysis with digital humans

A multi-variable regression model for ergonomic lifting anal...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Mathai, Anith Li, Jinzengh Abdel-Malek, Karim Knake, Lindsey Wisch, Julie Godin, Christina Chiang, Jim University of Iowa United States USCAR Sandalwood Ford Motor Company

The Snook tables (Liberty Mutual Tables) are a collection of data sets compiled from studies based on a psychophysical approach to material-handling tasks. These tables are used to determine safe loads for lifting, lowering, carrying pulling, and pushing. The tables take into account different population percentiles, gender, and frequency of activity. However, while using these tables to analyze a work place, Ergonomists often have to select from discrete data points closest to the actual work place parameters thereby reducing accuracy of results. To compound the problem further, multiple interrelated variables are involved, making it difficult to analyze parameters intuitively. For example, it can be difficult to answer questions such as, does reducing the lifting height lower the recommended lifting weight, if the lifting distance is increased? To resolve such issues, this paper presents a new methodology for implementing the Snook tables using multi variable regression. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Materials handling

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A new approach to developing digital 3-d headforms

A new approach to developing digital 3-d headforms

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Zhuang, Ziqing Viscusi, Dennis National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory 626 Cochran's Mill Road Pittsburgh PA 15236 United States

Facial measurements were collected during the 2003 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) survey of 3,997 respirator users. In addition to traditional measuring techniques, 1013 subjects were scanned with a Cyberware 3-D Rapid Digitizer. Ten facial dimensions relevant to respirator fit were chosen for defining a principal component analysis (PCA) model which divides the user population into five face-size categories. Mean facial dimensions were then computed as a goal for a representative headform for each size category and used to identify 5 scans in each category. An average of the five scanned subjects was used to develop a single standard headform for each face-size category. Four digital 3-D models were developed: small, medium, large, and long. The new headforms include facial features not found on current standard headforms. However, reducing differences between the headform dimensions and the computed mean facial dimensions will require additional future work. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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On the determination of joint motion coupling for the human shoulder complex

On the determination of joint motion coupling for the human ...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering conference and exhibition

作者： Feng, Xuemei Yang, Jingzhou Abdel-Malek, Karim Wuhan University of Technology China Program Center for Computer-Aided Design Univesity of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States

This paper presents a novel approach to determining the joint motion coupling relationship for the human shoulder complex. The human shoulder complex is the most sophisticated part in terms of degrees of freedom and motion. In the literature, different human shoulder biomechanical models have been developed for various purposes. Also, researchers have realized that there are constant movement relationships among the shoulder bones: the clavicle, scapula, and humerus. This is due to muscles and tendons that are involved in skeletal motions. These relationships, which are also called shoulder rhythm, entail joint motion coupling and joint limit coupling. However, the scope of this work is to determine the joint motion coupling relationship. This relationship is available in the literature, but it is an Euler-angle-based relationship. In the virtual human modeling environment, we cannot directly use this Euler-angle-based relationship. A novel approach is proposed to transfer Euler-angle-based coupling equations into a relationship based on the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) method. A realistic shoulder complex model is built within Virtools. Euler angles are obtained for static positions with intervals of 15 degrees, and the elevation angle of the arm varied between 0 and 120 degrees. For a specific posture, we input the Euler angles to the shoulder complex model for each bone;then a set of DH joint angles can be determined. The new joint motion coupling relationship is obtained by polynomial, trigonometric and Fourier functions fitting of the DH joint angles using Mathematica. This DH-based joint motion coupling relationship can be used for posture and motion prediction. © 2008 SAE International.

关键词： Bone

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