In order to observe the impact of the electrostatic charges on human body, the paper investigates the mathematical modeling of the human circulatory system and the equivalent electrical circuit, modeled as an electric...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467311724;9781467311731
In order to observe the impact of the electrostatic charges on human body, the paper investigates the mathematical modeling of the human circulatory system and the equivalent electrical circuit, modeled as an electrical net. The mathematical implementing and the modeling of the equivalent electrical circuit that simulates the electrical activity of the human circulatory system has a major importance not only for analyzing the electrostatic discharge phenomena in engineering applications but also in getting information about different means of detecting various human diseases.
Traditionally, deterministic methods have been applied in digitalhumanmodeling (DHM). Transforming the deterministic approach of digitalhumanmodeling into a probabilistic approach is natural since there is inheren...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791845028
Traditionally, deterministic methods have been applied in digitalhumanmodeling (DHM). Transforming the deterministic approach of digitalhumanmodeling into a probabilistic approach is natural since there is inherent uncertainty and variability associated with DHM problems. Typically, deterministic studies in this field ignore this uncertainty or try to limit the uncertainty by employing optimization procedures. Due to the variability in the inputs, a. deterministic study may not be enough to account for the uncertainty in the system. Probabilistic design techniques allow the designer to predict the likelihood of an outcome while also accounting for uncertainty, in contrast to deterministic studies. The purpose of this study is to incorporate probabilistic approaches to a deterministic DHM problem that has already been studied, analyzing human kinematics and dynamics. The problem is transformed into a probabilistic approach where the human kinematic and dynamic reliabilities are determined. The kinematic reliability refers to the probability that the human end-effector position (and/or orientation) falls within a specified distance from the desired position (and/or orientation) in an inverse kinematic problem. The dynamic reliability refers to the probability that the human end-effector position (and/or velocity) falls within a specified distance from the desired position (and/or velocity) along a specified trajectory in the workspace. The dynamic equations of motion for DHM are derived by the Lagrangian backward recursive dynamics formulation.
This paper presents a computer-aided environment to analyze postures and movements in order to ergonomically validate the design of potentially any device a man or woman may have to deal with. The proposed environment...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791845011
This paper presents a computer-aided environment to analyze postures and movements in order to ergonomically validate the design of potentially any device a man or woman may have to deal with. The proposed environment integrates virtual prototyping techniques with digitalhumanmodeling and Motion Capture techniques to determine fatigue, stress and risk for workers' health. We considered a vertical refrigerated display unit as case study to analyze the interaction of supermarket staff filling the shelves with goods with the main goal determining the suitability of operators' working condition and, eventually, providing a feedback to the design step. The paper, after a brief description of the state of the art of the Motion Capture system and digitalhumanmodeling, presents the architecture of the integrated environment developed and the working paradigm. At last preliminary results of the experimentation as well benefits and the limits of the outcomes achieved so far in the automation of ergonomics in machines design are presented.
This paper presents development of an integrated web-based rapid prototyping and product design course in the online Master of Science degree in engineering technology core discipline. The topics are aligned with a cu...
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The application of digital technologies in power systems has resulted in an evolutionary replacement of electromechanical devices with numerical ones featuring internal digital processors with communication capabiliti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467319355
The application of digital technologies in power systems has resulted in an evolutionary replacement of electromechanical devices with numerical ones featuring internal digital processors with communication capabilities. A substation automation system (SAS) deploys substation operation functions, including control, protection, monitoring, and measuring. Ethernet technology and local area networks (LANs) make it possible to design substation communication architectures with greater reliability, availability, speed, and cost savings than conventional hard-wired systems. This paper proposes a new method to describe topologies of the SAS as an interconnected network. The concept of data conduction is introduced in this paper, and the advanced connectivity approach is implemented in the form of a linear programming optimization problem for all intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). All SAS values and specifications are available through several data structures, facilitating a quantitative reliability evaluation of the SAS. Two simple case studies show the applicability of this model.
Haversian cortical bone is a mineralised tissue that undergoes micro damage under daily exercise. Micro damage can either be identiable by light microscopy as microcracks or be more diffuse and difficult to visualise....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791844878
Haversian cortical bone is a mineralised tissue that undergoes micro damage under daily exercise. Micro damage can either be identiable by light microscopy as microcracks or be more diffuse and difficult to visualise. Bone is maintained by mechano-sensitive cells called osteocytes located throughout the tissue. However the local mechanical stimulations on the cells are not precisely quantied. A dual experimental and numerical approach is presented to measure the in situ stress field produced by microcracks in human bone. Using the strain energy balance, the stress eld is reconstructed in the vicinity of quasi-static microcracks that are advancing in the explicit bone morphology captured by digital image correlation. The stress eld reveals the presence of diffuse damage near microcracks in agreement with experimental observations in the literature.
A computer-aided simulation model is developed to aid in the design and optimization of orthopaedic trauma implants. The developed model uses digital imaging, computer-aided solid modeling, and finite element methods ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791844267
A computer-aided simulation model is developed to aid in the design and optimization of orthopaedic trauma implants. The developed model uses digital imaging, computer-aided solid modeling, and finite element methods in order to study the effects of various geometric parameters of fixation devices in orthopedic surgery practice. The results of the present simulation model would lead to the determination of the optimum implant design that provides the best match with the geometry of the human femur reducing the risk of over-stressing bone tissue during implant insertion. The effectiveness of the presented simulation model is demonstrated through the design of intramedullary (IM) nails used in treating femoral shaft fractures. CT scans were taken of forty intact human femora. A technique was developed in order to digitally reconstruct the scans into 3D solid models using image segmentation, surface simplification, and smoothing methods while maintaining accurate representation of the original scans. Each resulting surface model is characterized by a network of nearly equilateral triangles of approximately the same size allowing for quality finite element meshing. Femoral lengths, curvature, shaft diameters, and location of maximum curvature were then quantified. An average geometric model was then generated for the investigated sample by averaging corresponding nodal coordinates in each femur model. Using the average model, a length-standardized function representing the curvature of the medullary canal was derived to create a geometrically optimized IM nail for the entire sample. "Virtual surgery" simulating the insertion process was then performed using finite element methods in order to validate the proposed optimal IM nail design. The results of both the optimum nail and a current nail were compared using the femur having the highest curvature in the sample. The present study shows that the developed simulation model leads to a nail design that reduces the inserti
engineering education has the objective of not only presenting the scientific principles, i.e., engineering science, but also of teaching students how to apply these to real problems. Therefore, hands-on laboratories ...
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This paper describes modeling and testing of a digital distance relay for transmission line protection using MATLAB/SIMULINK. ATP is used for detailed modeling of a power system network and fault simulation. SIMULINK ...
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In order to observe the impact of the electrostatic charges on human body, the paper investigates the mathematical modeling of the human circulatory system and the equivalent electrical circuit, modeled as an electric...
详细信息
In order to observe the impact of the electrostatic charges on human body, the paper investigates the mathematical modeling of the human circulatory system and the equivalent electrical circuit, modeled as an electrical net. The mathematical implementing and the modeling of the equivalent electrical circuit that simulates the electrical activity of the human circulatory system has a maj or importance not only for analyzing the electrostatic discharge phenomena in engineering applications but also in getting information about different means of detecting various human diseases. The analyses of the whole circulatory system were performed, using the software programs MAT LAB and Cadence.
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