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International conference on Advanced design and Manufacturing engineering (ADME 2011)

作者： Fu, Yanli Hu, WeiPing Kunming Univ Sci & Technol Kun Ming Kunming Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037852163

The future development trend of industrial design is prospected, and the indispensable status of the function and modeling of the post-industrial era in the industrial design is analyzed. Based on the analysis, some indispensable suggestions on industrial design under the post-industrial era are proposed in this paper. The essence of industrial design is to explore the basic human needs and the omni-directional functionality of the designed products, and to design more innovative creative and interesting products under the premise of meeting these use function.

关键词： digital information era industrial design functional design non-functional design

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Space logistics modeling and simulation analysis using SpaceNet: Four application cases

Space logistics modeling and simulation analysis using Space...

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AIAA SPACE conference and exposition 2011

作者： Grogan, Paul T. Yue, Howard K. de Weck, Olivier L. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems Division Cambridge MA 02139 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Cambridge MA 02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781600869532

The future of space exploration will not be limited to sortie-style missions to single destinations. Even in present exploration taking place at the International Space Station in low-Earth orbit, logistics is complicated by flights arriving from five launch sites on Earth. The future challenges of space logistics given complex campaigns of interconnected missions in deep space will require innovative tools to aid planning and conceptual design. This paper presents a modeling framework to evaluate the propulsive and logistics feasibility of space exploration from the macro-logistics perspective, which covers the delivery of elements and resources to support demands generated during exploration. The modeling framework is implemented in a versatile and unifying software tool, SpaceNet, for general space exploration scenario analysis. Four space exploration scenarios are presented as application cases to highlight the applicability of the framework across vastly different scenarios. The first case investigates the resupply of the International Space Station between 2010 and 2015 using 77 missions combining NASA, European Space Agency, Japanese Space Agency, Russian Space Agency, and commercial space transportation. The second case models a lunar outpost build-up consisting of 17 flights to achieve continuous human presence over eight years. The third case models and evaluates a conceptual sortie-style mission to a near-Earth object, 1999 AO10. Finally, the fourth case models a flexible path type human exploration in the vicinity of Mars using a combination of human and tele-operated exploration. Taken together these cases demonstrate the challenges and logistical requirements of future human space exploration campaigns during the period from 2010-2050 and illustrate the ability of SpaceNet to model and simulate the feasibility of meeting these requirements. © 2011 by Paul Grogan.

关键词： Orbits

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modeling signal propagation in nanomachine-to-neuron communications

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Nano Communication Networks 2011年第4期2卷 213-222页

作者： Galluccio, Laura Palazzo, Sergio Enrico Santagati, G. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica ed Informatica Università degli Studi di Catania Italy

Nanomachine communications are a promising paradigm for the large applications which can be envisaged especially in the medical field. As an example, many widespread neurological diseases such as Alzheimer and/or paralysis are associated to bad neuronal communication or to interruption of the pulse propagation across the nervous system due to irreversible damages across a human body area. In this context, nanomachines can be integrated into a neuronal network system to restore biological communications. To this purpose, a preliminary step is modeling all the phases of the communication among neurons through a block scheme where input/output relationships at each block are characterized in terms of transfer functions, gain and delay. In order to make the characterization realistic, we also consider the possibility to have multiple inputs along the surface of a neuron cell. The communication perspective being used can be useful to design nanomachines compatible with biological structures and able to interact with biological systems. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Neurons

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Conceptual geometric model for prothesis modeling in CAD system: A case study to skull repairing with asymmetric defect 21

Conceptual geometric model for prothesis modeling in CAD sys...

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21st International conference on Production Research: Innovation in Product and Production, ICPR 2011

作者： Greboge, Thiago Rudek, Marcelo Canciglieri, Osiris Industrial and Systems Engineering Post-Graduate Program PPGEPS Pontifical Catholic University of Parana PUCPR Imaculada Conceicao Street 1155 Curitiba Parana80215-901 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783839602935

Prosthesis can be seen as a complex product and its project requires a formal method to consistent development. In this research, the main objective is to determine a feasible method for the creation of virtual models of anatomic human prosthesis. The work presents a conceptual model based on digital images applied in 3D reconstruction of computed tomography scans. The proposed method uses an automatic way based on genetic algorithm to build the virtual models to bone geometry. The CAD system can be used to build the geometric models in preparing to prosthesis generation by the production viewpoint. The problem of open contour is addressed. A case study to fill a missing area in skull is used to demonstrate the process. The work involves some technologies as CAD modeling, image processing and artificial intelligence algorithms that can be applied together in order to obtain a virtual model to prosthesis conception.

关键词： Computer aided design

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Ergonomic assessment of manual filling station in an automated medicine dispensing system

Ergonomic assessment of manual filling station in an automat...

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61st Annual conference and Expo of the Institute of Industrial Engineers

作者： Al-Momani, Emad S. El-Sharo, Moh'd Samson, Akiev Khasawneh, Mohammad T. Srihari, Krishnaswami Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton NY 13902 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762409

In this research, digital human modeling (DHM) technology was utilized to model and analyze the ergonomic risk factors associated with the operation of a manual filling station in an automated medicine dispensing system. DHM not only helps in identifying and quantifying the risk factors associated with each manual task, but also assesses and evaluates various redesigning recommendations from a 'lean ergonomics' perspective. Lean ergonomics focus on reducing harmful/wasteful and unnecessary operator's motions and tasks. The implementation of lean ergonomics programs in businesses results in significant reductions in accidents, injuries, and other health-care related costs with relatively small investments. After a comprehensive data collection and a detailed task analysis, DHM was used to investigate and quantify the impact of various ergonomic interventions or design changes. Those interventions will not only reduce costs associated with occupational injuries, but also reduce absenteeism and increase productivity and workers' morale. The digital human simulation results showed that the design changes proposed reduced the strain on the operator's lower back and upper limbs muscles. Furthermore, the modified design enables operators of various anthropometric characteristics (5 th percentile female to 95th percentile male) to operate the workstation with minimal effort, which helps in meeting customer requirements.

关键词： Ergonomics

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On the applicability of digital human models for personal equipment design

On the applicability of digital human models for personal eq...

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14th International conference on human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2011

作者： Alexander, Thomas Conradi, Jessica Neuenahrer Str. 20 53343 Wachtberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642220944

digital human Models (DHMs) have developed from academic research into valuable engineering tools. They offer a vast amount of functionality for modeling and simulation of anthropometric dimensions, reach, vision, movement, and comfort. Today's DHMs are primarily used in automotive design. As our previous studies have shown, a simple transfer to other application domains (e.g. workplace design) may be possible but result into inaccuracies. With the following study we analyzed the applicability of two typical DHMs for the design of personal equipment and for identifying potential conflicts between different pieces of equipment. Such an application differs strongly from automotive applications, but many similar uses of DHMs can be observed in daily life. The analysis addresses different aspects: At first, the general functionality of the DHMs was screened. Required functions were either available instantly, available by workarounds, or unavailable. A subsequent verification and validation study analyzed potential shortcoming for the available functions. It consists of an empirical survey with different typical soldiers' movements. The data include maximum reach, focusing a target with a binocular or aiming with different postures. A number of motion sequences were selected for the analysis. Results show that simple movements were modeled quite accurately. But complex movements were hardly possible to model and large inaccuracies were observed. An important functional shortcoming resulted from limited possibilities to integrate virtual objects of personal equipment into the DHM. This prevented an analysis of conflicts between personal equipment. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Computers

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Wireless-integrated embedded real-time control: A case study in adopting resources for development of a low-cost interdisciplinary laboratory project

Wireless-integrated embedded real-time control: A case study...

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118th ASEE Annual conference and exposition

作者： Flikkema, Paul G. Yamamoto, Kenji Ryan Haden, Carol Frolik, Jeff Weller, Tom Department of Electrical Engineering Northern Arizona University United States Magnolia Consulting LLC United States University of Vermont United States Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering University of South Florida United States

In the last decade, it has become apparent that the grand challenge problems of this century span disciplines. In spite of this, engineering curricula are still strongly stovepiped, even within each engineering discipline, and both inertia and downward budget pressures encourage curricular conservatism. At the same time, the need is urgent to expose students to the diversity and complexity of real-world problems where there is no "best" solution. How should we help students learn across disciplines and blend disciplinary knowledge to solve problems? This paper describes a laboratory project suitable for courses in areas of control and embedded systems that weaves critical aspects of control systems design with real-time embedded systems hardware and software, and along the way incorporates additional skills and tools. The project builds on previous efforts that have used the classic "ball-in-tube" experimental platform. We have developed an extremely low-cost experimental platform that student teams assemble from simple parts (e.g., shoeboxes and muffin fans), and that uses wireless communication between the real-time platform and a personal computer that provides a human interface and analytical tools. For real-time data acquisition and control, we adopted the CLIO platform that was designed for the experiential component of MUSE (Multi-University Systems Education, ***/~muse), an NSF-sponsored pedagogical effort to increase the ability of students to become conversant in skills related to systems thinking. In this spirit, the work discussed herein exposes students to experimentation, modeling and design across system layers. While tackling the project, students have also become more adept at (i) architecting distributed applications that integrate embedded and desktop computing systems, (ii) data acquisition, including measurement noise and signal conditioning, (iii) actuation, including motor control, and (iv) wireless communication. We present early asse

关键词： Students

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Teaching digital logic design using the GOAL (Guided On-demand Adaptive Learning) system

Teaching digital logic design using the GOAL (Guided On-dema...

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118th ASEE Annual conference and exposition

作者： Williams, Ronald D. Dugan, Joanne Bechta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computer Engineering Program University of Virginia United States

GOAL combines advances in technology with advances in understanding of human learning to teach engineering concepts more efficiently. GOAL can improve the efficiency and availability of engineering instruction both on-demand asynchronous learning and in the traditional classroom. GOAL will automate and improve the delivery of facts and concepts, broaden access to this material, and create opportunities for the inclusion of additional material. The GOAL project exploits results from research into the way people learn combined with technology providing instruction using established techniques for effective teaching. This work recognizes that different students learn in different ways, at different times and places, and at different rates. This project provides instructional guidance available ondemand at times and places convenient to each student. Our instruction is adaptive so that the student can proceed at his or her own pace using instructional techniques best suited to their own individual learning styles while their progress can be tracked and their instruction can be adjusted in response to their actions. GOAL modules are not easy or inexpensive to produce, especially if compared with recorded lectures or slide presentations with recorded voice channels. The verbal content is scripted, recorded in a sound booth, filtered and processed into short segments of about a minute's length or less. The visual content is developed using Adobe® Flash®, Soundbooth®, Fireworks® and other tools and is carefully synchronized with the audio track. It seems to take about a hour's time to produce a segment of about a minute's length. Of course, once a segment is developed it can be used infinitely often. Detailed data is collected as the concepts are taught to attain new insight into the learning process. Student A viewed all the concepts at a single sitting with no pauses or rollbacks, indicating a more reflective approach to learning. Student B paused and restarted the presen

关键词： Students

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Integrating human factors principles into systems engineering

Integrating human factors principles into systems engineerin...

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conference on digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： Zarrin K. Chua Karen M. Feigh Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The objective of this paper is to examine current literature and to compile a guideline for integrating human factors principles into systems engineering. Each of the four suggested design stages - requirements acquisition, concept generation, preliminary, detailed is characterized by a short description of the systems engineer's and the human factors engineer's roles and stage goals, the types of questions posed by the human factors engineer during the process, and suggested methods for integration between the two disciplines. The design process proposed in this paper is not intended to be a universal approach, but rather, a guideline for engineers regarding the overall design development process. The primary audience in this paper for this paper is systems engineers in the aerospace industry looking to better understand how to incorporate human factors into their designs.

关键词： Hafnium human factors humans Resource management modeling Prototypes

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Assessing customized product design using virtual human and imposed motion

Assessing customized product design using virtual human and ...

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International conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)

作者： Shengfeng Qin George Panayiotou Pin Zhang School of Engineering and Design Brunel University UK School of Arts and Design Nankai University China

This paper presents a new method of using digital human with imposed motion and motion dynamics to evaluate product design. We have demonstrated it with a case study. The various design concepts were physically mocked up as testing prototypes (scenarios). The users were required to mimic the use of the products and their interaction motions with the test prototypes were captured, recorded and analyzed. Then, the users were scanned with a 3D body scanner to help the creation of the corresponding virtual human models, which had the same (or very similar) body sizes to the real users. Finally, the virtual human models with corresponding motions were integrated in a computer aided ergonomics analysis system-UGSTM JACK ® to review and evaluate different product design concepts. In addition, motion dynamics information was used to help conceptual selections. The proposed method combines the advantages of both real task motion and digital human simulation. With this method, the task motion is real instead of synthetic one. In ergonomic assessment software such as JACK ® , there is no need for creating a CAD-based virtual product model to generate synthetic motions. This method can support ergonomic evaluations of product design especially haptic interface design at the conceptual stage without its CAD models.

关键词： humans Ergonomics Three dimensional displays Solid modeling Product design Prototypes Dynamics

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