Large-scale simulations are making satisfactory progress in all areas except human performance. Graphics have produced human models that appear realistic (face validity), but do not always behave realistically. With a...
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Large-scale simulations are making satisfactory progress in all areas except human performance. Graphics have produced human models that appear realistic (face validity), but do not always behave realistically. With a wealth of data about humans and human performance available, what keeps better data and models from being integrated into large-scale simulations? Do new requirements for verification, validation, and accreditation help or hinder the integration of the human component into large-scale simulation? Can those researching and modeling physical and cognitive issues work together to integrate their technologies? Can human performance models supplement or replace human-in-the-loop simulation, thereby reducing the cost and time required to develop a new system? The issues and technologies involved in developing and integrating human performance models are discussed.
This paper describes postural behaviour in static gazing up-/downwards without postural constraints concerning the trunk/chest. The results show that the head and the eyes contribute at a constant ratio to get the gaz...
Ford's use of digital mockups in vehicle design has improved the package and fit of components and systems within the vehicle. However, to fully meet and exceed the consumer's expectations of a vehicle it is c...
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ABSTRACT A radical new approach was started to realize physical strength in digital man models. The basic idea is to synthesize individual force exertions by local muscle moments powering relevant body joints. We enve...
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Forward-dynamic simulations of biomechanical movement often attempt to model exact kinematic trajectories despite the measurements demonstrating inherent motion variability. Feedback can be employed to compensate for ...
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In this study, an angle-time-based motion modification method was developed. This method allows the use of existing motion data by modifying them to fit new scenarios given as new initial and final posture constraints...
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A way to calculate representative forms from given set of forms was developed, in which surface data is modeled by polygons based on landmarks. Inter-individual distances are defined as distortions in FFD control poin...
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The Requirements and Technical Concepts for Aviation, Inc. (RTCA) has recently proposed a new concept known as "free flight" for guiding the separation of aircraft in the National Airspace System (NAS). &quo...
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The Requirements and Technical Concepts for Aviation, Inc. (RTCA) has recently proposed a new concept known as "free flight" for guiding the separation of aircraft in the National Airspace System (NAS). "Free flight" in the United States is a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) strategic goal for system capacity and for Air Traffic Services to improve accessibility, flexibility, and predictability in the national airspace in order to reduce flight times, crew resources, maintenance, and fuel costs. The scenarios in the current experiment were used to explore the farthest out parameters of "free flight" anticipated by RTCA in the year 2025. An evaluation of predicted scenario generation structures associated with "current day" and "free flight" operations under a specific experimental scenario was performed using two integrated human performance modeling tools, Air Manmachine Integration design and Analysis System (Air MIDAS) and the Integrated Performance modeling Environment (IPME). In analyses of a common scenario, each tool predicted a different Point of Closest Approach (PCA) distance under "current day" operations (MAir MIDAS = 5.86 nm, MIPME = 16.67 nm) as compared with "free flight" operations (M Air MIDAS = 6.65 nm, MIPME = 4.94 nm). This indicates that differences in the proximity between the aircraft existed between the two software tools as well as the contextually sensitive variables. This provides evidence that more focus needs to be brought to the effects of contextual effects that impact the virtual human operator of the NAS. A validation effort of these contextual findings with human-in-the-loop (HITL) data is anticipated and required prior to drawing any definite conclusions.
This article describes a method for predicting human motion where some part of the body, such as the pelvis or foot does not move. The posture at any given time can be approximated using a linkage of articulated segme...
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This presentation addresses a concept-level model that produces technical design parameters and economic feasibility information addressing future Moon or planetary exploration platforms. In this context, the platform...
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This presentation addresses a concept-level model that produces technical design parameters and economic feasibility information addressing future Moon or planetary exploration platforms. In this context, the platforms considered include those that might be used in an economic-based settlement of the Moon, Mars, or other planets. This paper uses a design methodology and analytical tools to create feasible concept design information for these space platforms. The design tool has been validated against a number of actual facility designs, and appropriate modal variables are adjusted to ensure that statistical approximations are valid for subsequent analyses. The tool is then employed in the examination of the impact of various payloads on the power, size (volume), and mass of the platform proposed. The development of the analytical tool employed an approach that accommodated possible payloads characterized as simplified parameters such as power, weight, volume, crew size, and endurance. In creating the approach, basic principles are employed and combined with parametric estimates as necessary. Key system parameters are identified in conjunction with overall system design. Typical ranges for these key parameters are provided based on empirical data extracted from actual human spaceflight systems. In order to provide a credible basis for a valid engineering model, an extensive survey of existing manned space platforms was conducted. This survey yielded key engineering specifications that were incorporated in the engineering model. Data from this survey is also used to create parametric equations and graphical representations in order to establish a realistic range of engineering quantities used in the design of manned space platforms. Using this tool a sample Moon settlement architecture is formulated with emphasis on cost minimization through variance of key mission requirements. Economic parameters are generated including initial investment, return on initial investme
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