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Special Issue on Shape and Solid modeling in product development

JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN engineering 2005年第2期5卷 77-78页

作者： Brunet, P Elber, G Patrikalakis, NM Giannini, F Pasko, A UPC Barcelona Spain Technion Israel Inst Technol Haifa Israel MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA CNR Genoa Italy Hosei Univ Tokyo Japan

This Special Issue of JCISE includes selected papers that were presented at the IEEE Shape modeling International Conference (SMI’04) and the Ninth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and Applications (SM’04). The conferences were colocated at the Palazzo Ducale, in the historic center of Genoa, Italy in June 2004 as part of the International Convention on Shapes & Solids 2004 organized and chaired by Bianca Falcidieno (CNR, Italy). The Shape modeling International Conference is an annual international forum for the exchange of research and applications related to all the aspects dealing with modeling, representing, processing and retrieving of digital shapes and associated properties from a broad multidisciplinary perspective. The ACM symposium on Solid modeling and Applications is also an annual international forum for the exchange of recent research and applications of solid modeling and computing in design, analysis and manufacturing, as well...

关键词： product development Shapes Computer-aided design Product development CAD Solid modeling solid modelling

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Opportunities for meeting sustainability objectives

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS 2016年 51卷 73-81页

作者： Demirel, H. Onan Zhang, Le Duffy, Vincent G. Purdue Univ Dept Ind Engn 610 Purdue Mall W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Dept Agr & Biol Engn 610 Purdue Mall W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Ctr Medicat Safety Adv 610 Purdue Mall W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Regenstrief Ctr Healthcare Engn 610 Purdue Mall W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

It is inevitable that theory and good practice in human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E) should comprise engineering for sustainability to safeguard ecology and maintaining the quality of life. There are immediate and longer-term opportunities for HF/E community to be a key contributor in solving sustain ability issues. However, sustainability research in HF/E domain has only been partially explored. A further theoretical and practical contribution is needed. digital human modeling (DHM) is a potential method to integrate human element into sustainability research. However, current DHM tools are limited in resolving these issues until sustainability objectives are explicitly considered. There are DHM tools available to evaluate human performance. However typically do not consider sustainability aspects of the work environment. This study introduces two conceptual digital ergonomics toolkits, Air Quality Index Assessment and Metabolic Energy Expenditure, to demonstrate the potential use of DHM in evaluating the health risks and worker's performance in work design. Incorporating human element into sustainability through DHM (digital ergonomics toolkits) reduces the need for in-situ human data collection and physical prototyping for work environments that are subject to poor air quality, toxic exposure and handling of hazardous materials. The DHM toolkits proposed in this study can bring attention towards building multidisciplinary collaboration that can enhance HF/E outreach goals in sustainability-related engineering design. Relevance to Industry: DHM can help industry to minimize the need of in-situ human data collection, reduce the need of physical prototyping, and optimize overall system performance for where subjects are exposed to poor air quality, toxic exposure, and handling of hazardous materials. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： human Factors Ergonomics Sustainability digital human modeling Systems engineering Air Quality Index

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Developing a digital human modeling toolset: Simulating elderly posture in Grasshopper to optimize living environments

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING engineering 2024年 90卷

作者： Yuan, Hao Southeast Univ Sch Architecture Nanjing 210019 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The increasing aging population highlights the critical need for elderly-friendly architectural environments. Existing architecture design guidelines often overlook the varied needs of individual differences among the elderly. digital human Models (DHMs) offer an effective solution by simulating individual differences and interactions within architectural spaces for the elderly, enabling ergonomic assessments during the design phase of architecture. However, existing DHM platforms have not been integrated with architectural software, limiting designers' ability to receive timely feedback during the design phase. This study addresses this gap by developing a novel DHM toolset on architectural software, Grasshopper, that simulates elderly postures and automatically assesses ergonomic factors like joint angles and comfort levels. Three application scenarios for the toolset were provided: assessing the minimum doorway side space for walker users, determining the handrail position for wheelchair users during the transfer process in the bathroom, and evaluating the comfort level of elderly people getting support postures in the bedroom. The results demonstrate that the toolset can effectively simulate the daily activity postures of the elderly and offer practical design suggestions. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in providing a novel toolset that integrates DHM with architectural design software, offering a new perspective and method for architectural design that considers individual differences among the elderly. Practically, by assessing minimal space and posture comfort, the toolset enables designers to obtain timely ergonomic feedback during the architecture design phase. This ultimately improves architectural design schemes and fosters independence and safety for the elderly in built environments.

关键词： digital human modeling FABRIK algorithm Elderly posture simulation Living environment optimization Accessibility design

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A Framework to Assess human Performance in Normal and Emergency Situations

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ASCE-ASME JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN engineering SYSTEMS PART B-MECHANICAL engineering 2020年第1期6卷 011009页

作者： Ahmed, Salman Demirel, H. Onan Oregon State Univ Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn Corvallis OR 97331 USA

human error is one of the primary reasons for accidents in complex industries like aviation, nuclear power plant management, and health care. Physical and cognitive workload, flawed information processing, and poor decision making are some of the reasons that make humans vulnerable to error and lead to failures and accidents. In many accidents and failures, oftentimes, vulnerabilities that are embedded in the system, in the form of design deficiencies and poor human factors, lead to latent or catastrophic failures, but the last link is a human operator who gets blamed or worse, injured. This paper introduces an early design human performance assessment framework to identify what type of digital prototyping methodologies are appropriate to detect the deviation of the operator's performance due to an emergency condition. Fire in a civilian aircraft cockpit was introduced as a performance shaping factor (PSF). Ergonomics performance was evaluated using two prototyping strategies: (1) a computational prototyping framework includes digital human modeling (DHM) and computer-aided design;and (2) a novel mixed prototyping framework includes motion capture, DHM, and virtual reality. Results showed that the mixed prototyping framework can simulate emergency scenarios with increased realism and also has the potential to incorporate subjective aspects of ergonomics outcomes, overcoming the underlying lack of design knowledge in conventional early design methodologies.

关键词： Fire engineering prototypes Ergonomics Smoke modeling design Performance Emergencies

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digital human modeling and measurement considerations for wheeled mobility device users

Digital human modeling and measurement considerations for wh...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Feathers, David J. Department of Industrial Engineering University at Buffalo 426 Bell Hall Amherst NY 14260 United States Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center UD at Buffalo United States

Three-dimensional landmark delimitations (3DLD) for wheeled mobility users are outlined. A subset of 3DLD definitions is given. Each 3DLD includes a rationale for inclusion in data collection and suggested capturing techniques for the digital human modeling of wheeled mobility users. Structural and functional protocols have been developed for these 3DLD and serve as the basis for a large-scale anthropometric study of wheeled mobility users. This paper focuses on a few key issues in the development of the wheeled mobility user anthropometric protocols such as measurement consistency and rationale for landmarks for use in universal design. The benefits to this approach with comparisons to existing approaches will be discussed. © 2004 SAE Internationa.

关键词： Anthropometry

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Computerized task risk assessment using digital human modeling based Job Risk Classification Model

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL engineering 2011年第4期61卷 1044-1052页

作者： Tian, Renran Duffy, Vincent G. Purdue Univ Sch Ind Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Dept Agr & Biol Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Different from the classical ergonomics analysis, Virtual Interactive design methodology relies on manikin movements in virtual environment. This platform has been implemented by researchers to accomplish static ergonomic analyses including Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, NIOSH lifting equation and Static Strength Prediction. However, considering only static posture information limits the capacity of ergonomics analysis. In this study, the methodology of performing dynamic ergonomics analysis based on this Virtual Interactive design platform is proposed. This environment allows velocity and angular velocity of specified body segments/joints calculated for designed tasks to be used to assess the corresponding risk levels based on Job Risk Classification Model. The motion calculation is completed based on the captured interaction between human participants and virtual workplace/mockup. To evaluate the validity and reliability of this upgraded platform, potential errors are analyzed by comparing outputs from several designed experimental conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： digital human modeling Computer-Aided Ergonomics Virtual Interactive design Dynamic ergonomics analysis

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A Comparison Between Virtual Reality and digital human modeling for Proactive Ergonomic design 10th

A Comparison Between Virtual Reality and Digital Human Model...

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10th International Conference on digital human modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management (DHM) Held as Part of the 21st International Conference on human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Ahmed, Salman Irshad, Lukman Demirel, H. Onan Tumer, Irem Y. Oregon State Univ Corvallis OR 97331 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783030222154;9783030222161

Proactive ergonomics can improve the overall performance and well-being of the user and has the potential to improve the product quality and reduce the cost of resources. Application of digital human modeling (DHM) is a pathway for proactive ergonomics. However, DHM has the issue of fidelity and it is yet not in the level of simulating human perceptions and emotions accurately. In this study, we have proposed an ergonomics approach that is used to infuse human factor engineering (HFE) guidelines during the early design process. The approach utilizes Virtual Reality (VR), Computer Aided design (CAD) objects, and human-subjects to proactively filter design ideas, during the conceptualization phase, before functional prototypes are built. A comparative study between full computational prototyping and mixed prototype using VR is performed by (a) designing cockpit packaging and (b) assessing human performance during a fire in cockpit emergency situation. It is found that the cockpit design based on the two prototyping strategies provide similar outcomes. However, the computational prototyping approach is more suitable in design space exploration and the mixed prototyping is more relevant for communicating design ideas. Further, it is found that the computational prototyping approach cannot simulate the change in human performance due to emergency whereas the mixed prototype is able to simulate the change in human performance due to the emergency situations.

关键词： Proactive ergonomics human factor digital human modeling Virtual Reality design Prototyping Cockpit Emergency

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Optimization-based posture reconstruction for digital human models

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL engineering 2013年第1期66卷 125-132页

作者： Gragg, Jared Cloutier, Aimee Yang, James Texas Tech Univ Dept Mech Engn Human Centr Design Res Lab Lubbock TX 79409 USA

digital human modeling provides a valuable tool for designers when implemented early in the design process. Motion capture experiments offer a means of validation of the digital human simulation models. However, there is a gap between the motion capture experiments and the simulation models, as the motion capture results are marker positions in Cartesian space and the simulation model is based on joint space. Therefore, it is necessary to map the motion capture data to simulation models by employing a posture reconstruction algorithm. Posture reconstruction is an inherently redundant problem where the collective distance error between experimental joint centers and simulation joint centers is minimized. This paper presents an optimization-based method for determining an accurate and efficient solution to the posture reconstruction problem. The procedure is used to recreate 120 experimental postures. For each posture, the algorithm minimizes the distance between the simulation model joint centers and the corresponding experimental subject joint centers which is called the mean measurement error. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： digital human models Posture reconstruction Motion capture Optimization Validation

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digital modeling of Law Enforcement Officers: Progress and Challenges 6

Digital Modeling of Law Enforcement Officers: Progress and C...

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6th International digital human modeling symposium (DHM)

作者： Bradtmiller, Bruce Hsiao, Hongwei Hause, Mathew Rockwell, Belva Anthrotech Yellow Springs OH 45387 USA NIOSH Div Safety Res Morgantown WV 26505 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781643681054;9781643681047

Over several decades, police officer body dimensions have increased as have the body dimensions of many Americans. But the external dimensions of a law enforcement officer completely outfitted in all of his or her gear has increased dramatically, with the near-constant use of body armor and the addition of body cameras, radios and a host of other work-related items. At the same time, the available space in his or her police cruiser has decreased, with the addition of dash cameras, radios, and computers and the modernization of the bucket seat design. The result is a disaccommodation problem that is increasing with each addition of new equipment for either the officer or the vehicle. digital human modeling is an ideal tool to help solve this accommodation problem, by creating realistic models of officers wearing their gear. To create a database for use in that modeling, we recruited approximately 1000 officers from 12 locations around the US and obtained whole body, head, hand, and foot scans from each. In addition, we measured them for a series of traditional anthropometric dimensions both semi-nude and fully equipped in their uniform, body armor and gear. The differences obtained between the equipped and semi-nude officers will allow the verification of future models. Further, we collected data on the vehicles they use, any difficulties with their current vehicles, and the ancillary equipment worn on the body. This paper presents partial results of that study. The significant challenge going forward will be to create models that take into account the wide diversity in how officers wear their equipment on the body. For example, many officers carry a weapon on the duty belt;some carry it in a thigh holster. Some officers carry a radio on the shirt;others carry it on the duty belt, sometimes in front, and sometimes on the side. We conclude with a suggestion that modelers use data from this survey to accommodate the variability added by the equipment.

关键词： Anthropometry Law Enforcement Officer Vehicle Accommodation

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Application of digital human modeling to the design of a postal delivery vehicle

Application of digital human modeling to the design of a pos...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Reed, Matthew P. Satchell, Kristy Nichols, Aris University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute United States UGS Henry Dreyfuss Associates

The development of a new carrier route vehicle for the U.S. Postal Service began with the design of the vehicle interior from an operator-centered perspective. A task analysis of the postal worker while driving and while performing mail-handling operations guided the layout of the vehicle interior. The Jack™ human modeling software was used, along with SAE Recommended Practices and other tools, to create a vehicle environment that will accommodate a large percentage of the operator population. The challenges of designing for this unique work environment provided a good opportunity to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of the available human factors tools, including the Jack™ digital human figure model. This paper describes the development of the vehicle interior, discusses some lessons learned, and concludes with recommendations for increased functionality and improved integration of vehicle interior design tools. Copyright © 2005 SAE International.

关键词： Architectural design

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