The problem of tracking moving objects using a moving camera in real time is a complex one which requires a highly stable platform and a robust control algorithm. This paper is a continuation of our previous papers in...
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The problem of tracking moving objects using a moving camera in real time is a complex one which requires a highly stable platform and a robust control algorithm. This paper is a continuation of our previous papers in which we discussed the design and digital control routine of a 2DOF stable platform with coupled joint. In the previous paper we implemented a non-model based PI controller that proved sufficient for static targets, however for image based tracking, a number of non-linear forces are affecting the system and such scenarios require model-based controllers. The design of model based controller starts with model selection and then the estimation of its parameters. In this paper we deal with the modeling and parameters estimation of a 2 DOF platform using the least squares method.
Formal verification at system-level, which also means architecture verification, is different from functional verification at RTL level. DSP algorithms need high-level transformation to achieve optimal goals before ma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780388348
Formal verification at system-level, which also means architecture verification, is different from functional verification at RTL level. DSP algorithms need high-level transformation to achieve optimal goals before mapping onto silicon. However, a suitable CAD tool is absent to support the simulation and verification at high-level. This paper presents a novel modeling and high-level verification methodology based on a Petri net (PN) model. By the proposed method, a DSP algorithm system in the form of FSFG (fully specified flow graph) is transformed into a PN model. Moreover, verification methods which include static and dynamical phases are applied in the PN domain. Finally, we introduce our software implementation, called HiVED, to show the experimental results.
In this paper, we propose a design of a 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) whole-body coil. We describe some important features of the coil, both from a mechanical and electromagnetic perspective. We show the re...
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In this paper, we propose a design of a 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) whole-body coil. We describe some important features of the coil, both from a mechanical and electromagnetic perspective. We show the results of optimizing the coil's excitation sources in a near-field phased-array manner that minimizes the standard deviation of the circularly polarized component of the transverse magnetic field, which is responsible for exciting the spins, across various cross-sections of the human body. Successful optimizations of full cross-sectional slices of the body located in the coil, as well as optimizations useful for localized imaging of a particular organ (in this case chosen to be the liver), are provided. By demonstrating the dramatic improvement in the performance of this coil utilizing the proposed complex excitation system, we show that whole-body 7 Tesla coil is physically feasible as well as probable, demonstrating great potential for future clinical and research imaging applications
Differential signaling has become important in high speed digital and mixed signal systems because of its numerous advantages over single-ended signaling. Differential signaling reduces effects like simultaneous switc...
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Differential signaling has become important in high speed digital and mixed signal systems because of its numerous advantages over single-ended signaling. Differential signaling reduces effects like simultaneous switching noise (SSN), electro magnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk coupling. Signal integrity (SI) and timing analysis using differential drivers is computationally exhaustive due to increased complexity in design that includes features such as pre-compensation and slew rate control. Therefore, accurate macro-modeling of differential driver circuits for a quality design is a huge challenge. In this paper, a modeling technique based on recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed to model differential driver circuits with and without pre-emphasis. Good accuracy is obtained in the test cases shown for the proposed modeling methodology at minimum computational cost.
This paper presents a new technique to determine the dynamic and frequency response of capnographs using a custom built 'EtCO2 simulator system'. Capnographs are devices that use CO2 from a patients' expir...
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This paper presents a new technique to determine the dynamic and frequency response of capnographs using a custom built 'EtCO2 simulator system'. Capnographs are devices that use CO2 from a patients' expired breath to monitor the cardiopulmonary status during anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Capnographs at present are routinely calibrated via a static calibration method only. The dynamic response of the capnographs is not accounted for. The frequency and time response are important as they determine if capnographs can be used in high frequency and pediatric ventilation schemes. Experiments performed using the method described in this paper proved that old capnographs usually do not satisfy the manufacturer quoted specifications for time and frequency response. Therefore, a routine check for capnographs is recommended. The method can also be used to verify manufacturer quoted specifications. The EtCO2 simulator system, designed and constructed simulates human respiration cycle. The gas sources used are 5% CO2 and room air that can be switched alternatively. Both supplies are pressure regulated and connected through non-return valves to electric valves. The valves are microprocessor controlled and the on/off time is user defined allowing a wide range of waveforms to be simulated. The output from the simulator is delivered to capnograph. Capnograms are captured by digital video recording. The captured video in 'avi' file format is then converted into individual frames. These frames are converted into digital data through image processing in Matlab. The data obtained is subjected to extensive analysis to determine the frequency and time response of the respective capnograph. Copyright 2005 ISA. All Rights Reserved.
This paper presents a strategy for the visualization of dynamic object relationships in Java programs. The metaphor of a chemical molecule is used to aid comprehension, and to help in reducing the size of the object g...
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This paper presents a strategy for the visualization of dynamic object relationships in Java programs. The metaphor of a chemical molecule is used to aid comprehension, and to help in reducing the size of the object graph. Our strategy has been implemented by dynamically instrumenting Java bytecode to collect trace data, which is then analyzed and visualized in 3D using VRML. Quantitative and graphical results are presented, based on an analysis of programs in the SPEC JVM98 and JOlden benchmark suites.
Yield is normally ignored during the floorplanning stage. Recently, it has been shown that floorplanning can affect the yield with the increased sizes of chips. With the "medium-area clustering" model, yield...
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Yield is normally ignored during the floorplanning stage. Recently, it has been shown that floorplanning can affect the yield with the increased sizes of chips. With the "medium-area clustering" model, yield can be evaluated during the floorplanning stage. Therefore, it's straightforward to incorporate yield in modern floorplanners. However, conventional simulate-annealing (SA) based moves are only designed for the combination of the area and/or the wire length minimizations. In this paper, we proposed a heuristic scheme of "moves" directly targeting on the yield improvement. The experimental results show a great yield improvement with little penalty for the area and/or the total wire length.
This paper presents a new, fully automated algorithm modeling the spurious frequencies in direct digital period synthesizers (DDPS). DDPS is a frequency synthesis technique that combines the speed and low jitter of a ...
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This paper presents a new, fully automated algorithm modeling the spurious frequencies in direct digital period synthesizers (DDPS). DDPS is a frequency synthesis technique that combines the speed and low jitter of a delay-locked-loop-based frequency multiplier, with the ability to digitally control the frequency. The algorithm is based on an analysis of the periodicity of the output signal produced by a DDPS circuit on which a time-domain Fourier analysis is performed. The resulting spectrum reflects two major known sources of spurious frequencies in DDPS: accumulator output truncation and delay line cell mismatch. Comparisons with results obtained from time-consuming simulations performed with SIMULINK and processed by FFT were performed to validate the model. An efficient implementation of the proposed algorithm allows comparing many different operating conditions that could not be analyzed with the SIMULINK model due to excessive processing time.
This paper presents an SoC platform based design for the implementation of an AAC audio decoder. We present the approach not only for the characteristics of the algorithm, but also provide the numerical decision for e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780388348
This paper presents an SoC platform based design for the implementation of an AAC audio decoder. We present the approach not only for the characteristics of the algorithm, but also provide the numerical decision for evaluation of the various approaches. The overall system is first analyzed and profiled with the ARM profiler. Then the decoder system is partitioned into software part and hardware part respectively based on the property of analysis. The software part is developed for the implementation of intensive decision making operations needed for audio bitstreams. The hardware part is a dedicated hardware for the regular and computation intensive operations in AAC audio decoding. The decoder system is realized on the ARM integrator platform where the hardware and software is communicated efficiently with the AMBA architecture.
The engineering of the power delivery network is becoming a fundamental issue in the design of high speed digital systems on PCB's. In fact, providing the required power to the different IC's at the specified ...
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The engineering of the power delivery network is becoming a fundamental issue in the design of high speed digital systems on PCB's. In fact, providing the required power to the different IC's at the specified noise-free voltage levels allows a correct functioning of the overall PCB systems. More over, the ongoing trend of replacing active devices with peripherally located I/O and PWR/GND pins with areally located I/O and PWR/GND pins (BGA packaged) increases the complexity of the models, when power delivery issues need to be studied in a larger contest, such as the overall PCB's. The employment of the powerful, but simple, concept of the segmentation method allows investigation of the power delivery network of the PCB systems in two fundamental stages. During the first stage, a small cut out of the board corresponding to the BGA footprint is modelled with a 3D full wave simulation tool. During the second stage the equivalent impedance network representation corresponding to this cut out is combined, by means of the segmentation method, with larger pieces of a board, whose network representations can be extracted from the closed form expression of the cavity model approach
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