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Simulation aided design of organizational structures in manufacturing systems using structuring strategies

JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2004年第4期15卷 431-437页

作者： Zülch, G Bogus, T Koruca, HI Kurbanoglu, C Brinkmeier, B Univ Karlsruhe Ifab Inst Human & Ind Engn D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany Suleyman Demirel Univ Muhendislik Mimarlyk Fak TR-32260 Isparta Turkey Tecnomatix Consulting D-70499 Stuttgart Germany

This paper presents a simulation aided approach for designing organizational structures in manufacturing systems. The approach is based on a detailed modeling and characterization of the forecasted order program, especially of elementary processes, activity networks and manufacturing orders. Under the use of the organization modeling system FORM, that has been developed at the ifab-Institute of human and Industrial engineering of the University of Karlsruhe, structuring strategies-e.g., a process-oriented strategy can be applied in order to design organizational structures in manufacturing systems in a flexible and efficient way. Following that, a dynamical analysis of the created manufacturing structures can be carried out with the simulation tool FEMOS, that has also been developed at the ifab-Institute. The evaluation module of FEMOS enables to measure the designed solutions with the help of logistical-e.g., lead time degree and organizational-e.g., degree of autonomy key data. This evaluation is the basis for the identification of effective manufacturing systems and also of improvement potentialities. Finally, a case study is presented in this paper designing and analyzing different organizational structures of a manufacturing system where gear boxes and robot grip arms were manufactured.

关键词： modeling and simulation of manufacturing systems strategies for production systems design

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3D characterization and localization of anatomical landmarks of the foot

3D characterization and localization of anatomical landmarks...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Liu, Xiang Kim, Wangdo Drerup, Burkhard Research Mechanics of Machines Lab School of Mechanical and Production Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nayang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore Klinik und Poliklinik für Technische Orthopädie und Rehabilitation Universtätsklinikum Münster Germany

The anatomical landmarks on the body surface are important to shape and motion analysis. This paper presents a method for extracting anatomical landmarks on the foot from scattered 3D surface points collected by FastSCAN (Polhemus, Colchester, Vermont, USA). By least squares surface fitting, the surface is reconstructed from the scattered points and the Gaussian curvature and mean curvature are calculated. The landmarks formed by underlying muscles and skeletal structures distinguish themselves clearly on the Koenderink shape index maps. The loci of landmarks avail possible statistical shape analysis. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.

关键词： Maps

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Sensitivity of human pressure feelings while sitting

Sensitivity of human pressure feelings while sitting

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Hartung, Jürgen Schlicht, Thomas Bubb, Heiner Lehrstuhl Für Ergonomie Technische Universität München Boltzmannstr. 15 85747 Garching Germany

To describe feelings of discomfort while sitting, many experiments have been conducted to find a link between interface pressure on the seat and the feelings of discomfort of test subjects. Most of these experiments found no relation or correlation between discomfort and pressure while others actually found a relation. A question which arose was how sensitive the human body is to pressure differences during sitting. The attempt of this study was to determine the sensitivity to pressure for an area of the thigh. Therefore a test stand was designed allowing the variation of pressure on an area of a thigh during sitting. In parallel, the subjects were asked to judge the pressure sensation. By analyzing the frequencies of answers given by the test subjects, a curve could be derived which describes the sensitivity of pressure sensation. In this paper the test stand, the test procedure, the results and further experiments will be discussed. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.

关键词： Testing

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Exploring the space of human body shapes: Data-driven synthesis under anthropometric control

Exploring the space of human body shapes: Data-driven synthe...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Allen, Brett Curless, Brian Popović, Zoran University of Washington United States

In this paper, we demonstrate a system for synthesizing high-resolution, realistic 3D human body shapes according to user-specified anthropometric parameters. We begin with a corpus of whole-body 3D laser range scans of 250 different people. For each scan, we warp a common template mesh to fit each scanned shape, thereby creating a one-to-one vertex correspondence between each of the example body shapes. Once we have a common surface representation for each example, we then use principal component analysis to reduce the data storage requirements. The final step is to relate the variation of body shape with concrete parameters, such as body circumferences, point-to-point measurements, etc. These parameters can then be used as "sliders" to synthesize new individuals with the required attributes, or to edit the attributes of scanned individuals. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Using agent-based simulation to reduce collateral damage during military operations

Using agent-based simulation to reduce collateral damage dur...

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IEEE Systems and Information engineering design symposium

作者： Brooks, H DeKeyser, T Jaskot, D Sibert, D Sledd, R Stilwell, W Scherer, W Univ Virginia Dept Syst & Informat Engn Charlottesville VA 22908 USA

ISBN: (纸本)097445592X

modeling collateral damage has challenged military simulation officers for some time. Past equations-based models calculate attrition of forces and battlefield effects but do not model complex environments [Delaney 2003]. Thus they do not approximate the interactive nature of crowds, information operations, communications infrastructure effects on battlefield performance, and long-term attitudes towards military operations. This effort demonstrates that the U.S. Air Force's agent-based Systems Effectiveness Analysis Simulation (SEAS) tool can model collateral damage. By creating and testing two distinct scenarios under different rules of engagement, a tradeoff between collateral damage and mission effectiveness was demonstrated. Future research includes modifying SEAS to better model urban conflict and dynamically updating agent behavior.

关键词： military computing digital simulation program processors multi-agent systems Global Positioning System agent-based simulation collateral damage military simulation equations-based model battlefield performance Air Force agent-based systems effectiveness analysis simulation SEAS tool military computing Program processors Military operations digital simulation air force Global Positioning Systems Event driven simulation Seas

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Rock mass characterization for slope/catch bench design using 3D laser and digital imaging 6

Rock mass characterization for slope/catch bench design usin...

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6th North America Rock Mechanics symposium: Rock Mechanics Across Borders and Disciplines, NARMS 2004

作者： Nasrallah, Joshua G. Monte, Jamie Kemeny, John Department of Mining and Geological Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ United States Split Engineering TucsonAZ United States

Slope stability designs are largely dependent on rock mass and more specifically discontinuity characterization. Traditional discontinuity characterization methods (scanline and cell mapping) have many problems associated with time, safety, accuracy, and human bias. This study shows how 3D imaging using ground based LiDAR scans and digital photography can be used to collect discontinuity information for slope stability analysis. 3D imaging allows for potentially larger data sets to be collected rapidly while eliminating or highly limiting the problems with traditional methods. Rock mass information for a benched road cut was gathered using traditional and 3D imaging methods. A set of NIOSH slope stability programs were then compared to two other commercial programs using the two different data sets gathered. 3D imaging was used to create an "as built" of a benched road cut. This image was used to test the accuracy of the three slope programs. The comparison between programs resulted in similar conclusions despite which data set was used. All slope modeling programs results contained slight inaccuracy when compared to the actual slope. © 2004 American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA). All rights reserved.

关键词： Slope stability

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The electronic belt fit test device-methodology, results, and prospects

The electronic belt fit test device-methodology, results, an...

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Balzulat, Jochen Wirsching, Hans-Joachim Hassan, Joseph E. Noy, Ian Gardner, William Shewchenko, Nicholas HUMAN SOLUTIONS of North America Inc. 1174 East Big Beaver Road Troy MI 48083-1934 United States DaimlerChrysler Corporation Germany Transport Canada Canada Biokinetics and Associates Ltd Canada

Correctly fitted seat belts save the lives of car passengers everyday. In attempt to reduce the risk of injuries, primarily abdominal, caused by inappropriate belt fitting, Transport Canada developed the Belt fit Test Device (BTD). The BTD is a physical hardware measuring device that tests whether the lap and torso belt are appropriately positioned with respect to the bony structures of the pelvis and rib cage of the restrained occupant. To overcome the deviations of hardware physical tests and to enable review of belt design in early design phases, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers funded the development of an electronic simulation and modeling tool in the form of an electronic Belt fit Test Device (eBTD). The development takes place in close co-operation with the Joint Working Group on Abdominal Injury Reduction (JWG-AIR). The introduced 3D belt routing simulation model takes into account the belt width, the kinematics of belt anchorages, belt types, contact of belt with seat, and the location and position of the belt fit test device itself. Different techniques were used to evaluate the model in which physical tests were compared with simulation results. The algorithm has the potential to be used to model different human sizes and statures. This could allow for the assessment of different occupant populations and non-standard driving postures. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential for the study of realistic belt routing parameters through simulation. This could be used as a basis for addressing future safety belt related issues, such as belt comfort, accessibility, etc. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.

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Task-related field of view parameters

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digital human modeling for design and engineering symposium

作者： Rönnäng, Magnus Lämkull, Dan Dukic, Tania Örtengren, Roland Manufacturing Engineering - Quality Analysis and Verification Volvo Car Corporation Sweden Swedish National Institute for Working Life - West Sweden Department of Product and Production Development Chalmers University of Technology Sweden Volvo Car Corporation PVÖS31 SE40531 Gothenburg Sweden

In a manufacturing context it is of great importance that the assembly worker has a clear view of what he is doing, or the quality of the work will be suffering. Most human simulation software includes functionality to display the manikin's field of view. Most manikins also give the user the possibility to choose different settings for the field of view, such as sight areas (e.g. in eM-human/Ramsis two settings of field of view are available;±15°, ±50°). This makes it possible to consider different properties of the fields of view (e.g. foveal versus peripheral). However, current human simulation tools do not give any type of recommendation for field of view settings, which in turn set high demands on the manikin users' knowledge about human vision and can lead to erroneous decisions. This paper sets the scope for future research in order to be able to show what a human actual look at and what he sees in a certain context. The research should aim towards a sight module not primarily described with degrees or distances, but instead related to the task, operator and environment characteristics that are being simulated. Copyright © 2004 SAE International.

关键词： Computer software

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modeling the acquisition front-end in high resolution gamma-ray imaging

Modeling the acquisition front-end in high resolution gamma-...

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2004 Nuclear Science symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, symposium on Nuclear Power Systems and the 14th International Workshop on Room Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma- Ray Detectors

作者： Guerra, Pedro Ortuño, Juan E. Vaquero, Juan José Kontaxakis, George Desco, Manuel Santos, Andrés Electronic Engineering Department Universidad Politécnica Madrid E-20040 Spain Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid E-28007 Spain

The availability of synthetic realistic data enables design optimization, algorithm evaluation and verification of any digital system where a significant amount of digital signal processing is performed. The evolution of positron emission tomography cameras towards continuous sampling of individual position-sensitive photomultiplier anodes with processing algorithms implemented on digital programmable logic devices creates a new framework where new approaches to the γ-event detection are possible. We have developed a system model of the acquisition chain, including multi-layer phoswich, photomultiplier, front-end analog electronics, data acquisition and data processing. This processing includes estimation algorithms for the most relevant event parameters: energy, layer-of-interaction, time picking-off and event location. The selected simulation platform couples gently to digital hardware simulation tools, in such a way that implemented models may generate real-like stimuli for the digital system under development. The modeling of the whole front-end electronics enables deeper understanding and tuning of different system trade-offs and provides a rapid and soft transition between specification and hardware development. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Simulation aided design of organizational structures in manufacturing systems using structuring strategies

Simulation aided design of organizational structures in manu...

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3rd International symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

关键词： modeling and simulation of manufacturing systems strategies for production systems design

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