The object-oriented modeling of interactive multimedia applications in the OMMMA approach is designed to enable multimedia software developers to create comprehensive analysis and design models of multimedia software....
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The object-oriented modeling of interactive multimedia applications in the OMMMA approach is designed to enable multimedia software developers to create comprehensive analysis and design models of multimedia software. For development of highly usable multimedia applications, this approach must be embedded in a more holistic development process that takes a user-oriented perspective on multimedia software development. In this paper, we elaborate on the differences between user-centred design activities and object-oriented software design activities and outline their integration in a comprehensive development process.
With a number of 3-D scanners now available commercially, little work has been done to directly compare their capabilities. This study was designed to characterize differences between the Vitronic Vitus Pro scanner ow...
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With a number of 3-D scanners now available commercially, little work has been done to directly compare their capabilities. This study was designed to characterize differences between the Vitronic Vitus Pro scanner owned by TNO in the Netherlands and the Cyberware WB4 scanner owned by AFRL/HECP at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. For the purpose of the study, the Cyberware scanner was transported to the TNO facility in the Netherlands. Ten male and ten female subjects were scanned three times in each of three poses in both scanners. All scans for a subject were taken in one session. 3-D image data were segmented, aligned and compared using a difference mapping algorithm. The Cyberware scanner yielded useable data for all twenty subjects;however, the scans from the Vitronics scanner were of higher resolution. This method can be used to compare scanners or poses.
Airbag induced injuries to front seated infants and children have resulted in US government recommendations that suggest, among other things, the placement of children into the rear seat area of motor vehicles. During...
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The paper is focussing on high abstraction level CAD modeling of MEMS using a new methodical approach called "Multi Architecture modeling" which makes it possible to simulate models at different abstraction ...
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The paper is focussing on high abstraction level CAD modeling of MEMS using a new methodical approach called "Multi Architecture modeling" which makes it possible to simulate models at different abstraction levels together. The paper presents the MAM method and its application to the design of the experimental prototype "vibration sensor array". This system consists of a micromechanical sensor (array of laterally moving mass-spring systems, fabricated by SCREAM technology, intended for low cost applications in wear state recognition), an environmental model for the sensor, analog and digital signal processing.
This paper presents the results of a study using computer humanmodeling to examine machine appendage speed. The objective was to determine the impact of roof bolter machine appendage speed on the likelihood of the op...
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This paper presents the results of a study using computer humanmodeling to examine machine appendage speed. The objective was to determine the impact of roof bolter machine appendage speed on the likelihood of the operator coming in contact with. A contact means two or more objects intersecting or touching each other, e.g., appendage makes contact with the operator's hand, arm, head or leg. Incident investigation reports do not usually contain enough information to aid in studying this problem and laboratory experiments with human subjects are also not feasible because of safety and ethical issues. As an alternative, researchers developed a computer model approach as the primary means to gather data. By simulating an operator's random behavior and machine's appendage velocity, researchers can study potential hazards of tasks where it is not possible to perform experiments with human subjects. Analysis information is helpful to the mining industry in terms of making recommendations that reduce the likelihood that roof-bolter operators experience injury due to contact with a moving boom. Data analysis of roof bolter simulations show that the virtual-operator's response time has little effect on the number of contacts experienced. Based on frequency and cross-tabulation, regardless of other variables, contact incidents were always greater when the boom was moving up, were always greater on the palm, and were always greater for the boom part of the machine. Also, regardless of boom speed, the 25th-percentile- sized operators experienced more contacts than did other operator sizes. Furthermore, regardless of boom speed, the 152-cm mine seam experienced more contacts than did other seam heights tested. Results of a survival analytic approach suggest that controlling the boom speed is the most important factor in determining the risk of an operator making contact. Based on the data collected, boom speed greater than 41 cm/s results in a substantial increase in risk to the
Conventional additive normalization methods suffer from its linear convergence rate. We propose a new additive normalization method for the computation of exponential function. This new method can allow the values of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769520030
Conventional additive normalization methods suffer from its linear convergence rate. We propose a new additive normalization method for the computation of exponential function. This new method can allow the values of the normalization factors be obtained directly from the remaining terms without any computation. Furthermore, the number of the normalization factors that are obtained in each normalization stage is twice that obtained from its previous stage. As a result, the convergence rate of our method is exponential. These two advantages of our new method can significantly enhance the speed and reduce the hardware cost of the additive normalization method. Based on our proposed additive normalization method, we have designed the architectures of a 24-bit exponential unit and a 53-bit exponential unit. From the results of our thorough simulations on the 24-bit unit, we have verified that our proposed algorithm and our error analysis method are correct.
Cutting development times in car manufacturing means bringing forward the knowledge processes. Simulations based directly on CAD data reduce or replace time-consuming hardware loops significantly and therefore make a ...
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Cutting development times in car manufacturing means bringing forward the knowledge processes. Simulations based directly on CAD data reduce or replace time-consuming hardware loops significantly and therefore make a significant contribution to this. Ergonomic product design is an area that is challenged as far as the further development of virtual methods is concerned. Simulation of the static and quasi-static positions of passengers inside the car is the current state of the art in ergonomic product design. For this reason, interest is strongly focused on the simulation of complex movement processes within the context of enhancing simulation tools. For the car manufacturer, the manner in which people enter and leave the car is of particular interest. Getting into the car is the customers' first actual contact with it. It may also develop into a serious problem for car drivers, as they get older. The work described here is aimed at establishing basic principles for the simulation of car-entry movements that permit them to be modeled. In the first project phase the focus was on the development of a method of registering and evaluating car-entry movements quantitatively. It was considered especially important for later implementation for the results to be compatible with the planned "RAMSIS" simulation tool. During the data collection process, entry movements were recorded by means of an optical tracking procedure -the "Vicon 624" system from Oxford Metrics. BMW has developed a "Variable In- and Egress Mock-up" (VEMO) to permit variations in the entry geometries. Initial tests were used to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the experimental structure. They revealed the necessity for a further preliminary study relating to entry strategies. The result of the representative study was that the "Slip-in" strategy is the most used strategy of male and female persons. Additionally within the "Slip-in" strategy five sub-strategies have been observed. Further test seri
The NSF digital Clay project is focused on the design, prototyping, integration, and validation of a computer-controlled physical device capable of taking any of a wide range of possible shapes in response to changes ...
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The NSF digital Clay project is focused on the design, prototyping, integration, and validation of a computer-controlled physical device capable of taking any of a wide range of possible shapes in response to changes in a digital 3D model or to changes in the pressure exercised upon it by human hands. Although it clearly is a natural and unavoidable evolution of 3D graphical user interfaces, its unprecedented capabilities constitute a major leap in technologies and paradigms for 3D display, for 3D input, and for collaborative 3D design. In this paper, we provide an overview of the digital Clay project and discuss the challenges, design choices, and initial solutions for a new finger sculpting interface designed for the digital Clay and prototyped using conventional 3D I/O hardware.
We propose a new electronic design to overcome design limitations in PET that arise from the need to use high-cost fast analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Our design may completely remove the use of ADCs in PET, and...
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We propose a new electronic design to overcome design limitations in PET that arise from the need to use high-cost fast analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Our design may completely remove the use of ADCs in PET, and possibly the constant fraction discriminator (CFD) as well. In our approach, we model the electric pulse generated upon an event detection by a fast linearly rising edge followed by a slower exponential decay. Based on this modeling, basic properties of the pulse that are relevant for PET event detection, including the decay constant, the peak value and the peak time, can be determined from simple time interval measurements of the pulse. In this work, we will present methods for determining these pulse properties and propose electronic implementations of these methods. We will employ computer simulations to conduct sensitivity analysis of the proposed new event processing methods to modeling errors, noise and clock rate.
This paper explores the impact that numerical representation has on the power consumption of audio signal processing applications. The motivation is digital hearing aids, for which minimizing the power consumption is ...
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This paper explores the impact that numerical representation has on the power consumption of audio signal processing applications. The motivation is digital hearing aids, for which minimizing the power consumption is a critical design goal. We investigate two aspects of this problem. First, we evaluate the validity of using signal transition counts to model actual power consumption within this problem domain, and second, we compare the relative power consumption of multiply-accumulate operations for several customized numerical representations.
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