This paper describes postural behaviour in static gazing sidewards. The results show that the head (supported by underlying segments) contributes at a particular rate to get the gaze onto target. This rate is reduced ...
For the first time, we propose a robust algorithm for automating the neural-network-based RF/microwave model development process. Starting with zero amount of training data and then proceeding with neural-network trai...
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(纸本)0780367138
For the first time, we propose a robust algorithm for automating the neural-network-based RF/microwave model development process. Starting with zero amount of training data and then proceeding with neural-network training in a stage-wise manner, the algorithm can automatically produce a neural model that meets the user-desired accuracy. In each stage, the algorithm utilizes neural-network error criteria to determine additional training/validation samples required and their location in model input space. The algorithm dynamically generates these new data samples during training, by automatic driving of simulation tools (e.g., OSA90, Ansoft-HFSS, Agilent-ADS). Initially, fewer hidden neurons are used, and the algorithm adjusts the neural-network size whenever it detects under-learning. Our technique integrates all the subtasks involved in neural modeling, thereby facilitating a more efficient and automated model development framework. It significantly reduces the intensive human effort demanded by the conventional step-by-step neural modeling approach. The algorithm inherently distinguishes nonlinear and smooth regions of model behavior and uses relatively fewer samples in smooth subregions. It automatically deals with large data errors that can occur during dynamic sampling by using Huber quasi-Newton technique. The algorithm is demonstrated through practical microwave device and circuit examples.
In many of today's companies, most of the design process is conducted in a digital Computer-Aided-design (CAD) environment. Thus, the obvious and most efficient way to incorporate ergonomics into the design proces...
In many of today's companies, most of the design process is conducted in a digital Computer-Aided-design (CAD) environment. Thus, the obvious and most efficient way to incorporate ergonomics into the design process is using digital anthropometry data and analysis tools. digitalhuman models are software programs that allow designers to visualize, simulate and evaluate interactions between users and products using digital data. With computer technology rapidly advancing and computer prices dropping, digitalhumanmodeling technology will soon be available to a large part of the design and engineering community. This paper intends to provide decision makers with information and guidelines to help decide if a digitalhumanmodeling program is a useful asset to their suite of design tools. Additionally, this paper will help guide the decision maker through the process of selecting the most appropriate digitalhumanmodeling program, by providing important selection criteria of technical, procedural and strategic nature.
The paper is dedicated to adequacy analysis of Simulation Model of human Body Thermoregulation System (HTSSM), intended for design of air/space Autonomous Life Support System (ALSS) The formal description of the HTSSM...
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An advanced biofidelic shape of the human body is needed in computer-aided design (CAD) models for ergonomic design. To be used in seat and automotive design, this advance in biofidelity must be a 3D CAD tool that inc...
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Industries strive to minimize their development costs, to shorten the time required for development and to increase the quality of the product. The paper summarizes three ergonomic evaluation methods developed for the...
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Significant attention in recent years has been given towards obtaining a better understanding of human joint ranges, measurement, and functionality, especially in conjunction with commands issued by the central nervou...
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This study begins the exploration of the relationship between shoulder external moments and perceived exertion levels for submaximal delivery tasks. Twenty subjects were recorded while performing hand load movement ta...
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A scanning slot X-ray digital detector operating at relatively high photon energies, mainly 70 kVp for dental radiography, has been designed and modeled. In this energy range, further improvements are required in orde...
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A scanning slot X-ray digital detector operating at relatively high photon energies, mainly 70 kVp for dental radiography, has been designed and modeled. In this energy range, further improvements are required in order to attain optimal image quality for the lowest achievable mean absorbed dose to the patient. This paper concerns the investigation of the physics of imaging using a structured screen composed of a scintillating fiber optic (LKH-6/CCD system) and its performance by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The A, factor, X-ray cross-talk, quantum noise effect on resultant values of Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) are discussed. The results of this paper should serve as a useful guide in the engineeringdesign of future structured screen/CCD based systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fire safety engineering analyses have been mostly confined to describing how the physical environment causes the events, including human behavior, that comprise a fire incident. Despite the use of cognitive and inform...
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Fire safety engineering analyses have been mostly confined to describing how the physical environment causes the events, including human behavior, that comprise a fire incident. Despite the use of cognitive and information processing constructs to explain behaviors, the person remains a "black box" that generates behavioral responses when exposed to physical stimuli in the environment. These "physical systems representations" are well-suited to the prediction of some human behaviors, for example, travel times constrained by physical crowding. However, physical systems representations are ill-suited to the task of modeling cognitively-derived human behaviors, because the mediating effects of peoples' intentions result in behavioral responses that are poorly correlated with objective measures of environmental stimuli. Examples of such behavior are delays in initiating evacuations when people are exposed to alarm signals and other ambiguous signs of fire. Because research based on physical systems representations neglects to investigate how individuals use information in their pursuit of goals, the resulting models are often complicated, lack parsimony, and do not generalize well to new settings. This paper discusses how "intentional systems representations" can describe the cognitively derived responses of people in a more parsimonious manner, and can be used to design fire safety systems that capitalize on the adaptive abilities of people. (A fire safety system is viewed as being comprised of all relevant components, including people, that play significant roles in the defense against a fire threat.) In an intentional systems representation, events are driven by the goals that people pursue. Using the framework of physical versus intentional systems representations, various models of fire-related human behavior are reviewed and evaluated. Also discussed is recent research by Groner and Williamson (1998, Scenario-based goal decomposition: a method for implementing per
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