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Proceedings of the 1997 35th Annual SAFE symposium

作者： Tucker, Heather D. Todd, Wendy L. Kennedy, Greg Naval Air Warfare Cent - Aircraft Div Patuxent River United States

The design of many aircrew systems depends on anthropometry, or the measurement of the human body's dimensions. Traditionally, body dimensions and contours had been painstakingly quantified using tapes, calipers, and rulers. These inefficient traditional methods are being replaced by newer methods including multivariate statistical database derivation and digital measuring technologies. These data can be manipulated by various computer software applications to study, model, design, and prototype what Naval aviators wear, and digitally quantify their accommodation within a crewstation. This paper will discuss two new, statistically-derived, anthropometric databases and their application in the re-engineering design of Naval aircraft crewstations and aircrew life support systems (ALSS);cockpit accommodation modeling and analysis using the CAD based, FaroArmTM portable coordinate measuring machine;ALSS design, sizing, and prototyping using whole body scanning technology with CAD/CAM applications;and the potential for design integration of what the pilot wears with the crewstation in which he/she wears it.

关键词： Military aviation

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Comparison of image processing techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan and ultrasound) for 3D modeling and analysis of the human bones

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JOURNAL OF digital IMAGING 1997年第3期10卷 203-206页

作者： Mehta, BV Rajani, S Sinha, G GEN MOTORS DIMENS CONTROL SYSTDETROITMI LEXEL ENGN TROYMI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography scanning (CT scan), and ultrasound imaging techniques {UI} were used for data acquisition to construct/develop a 3D solid model of the human tibia, femur, and skull, CT scan was found to he an acceptable technique for cadavers. CT scans are harmful to the human body in large doses, while MRIs and ultrasound are known to be safe. However, MRIs form a better tool in performing this image generation task for living beings because of its high resolution capacity when compared with images obtained using ultrasound techniques. High resolution poses to be a very important factor, as the consideration of various material properties of the bones was part of the emphasis of this research. MRIs have the capacity of displaying a distinct boundary between the muscles and the bone, in addition to the boundary between the cortical and the cancellous region within the bone. Ultrasound was found to be the cheapest technique and gave reasonably good results for just the outside boundaries of the bone. The models of the human bones were generated on a Computer Aided design (CAD) system, The cross-sections obtained from (MRI, CT, or UI) were scanned into the computer. Image processing software was used to detect the boundaries of the bones. A C + + program was used to read the coordinates of the edges and construct a B-spline curve on the CAD system. The curves were converted to a B-rep solid using skinning. The solid models were meshed, constrained, and material properties were assigned to different regions of the models for Finite Element Analysis (FEM). Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company.

关键词： 3-D modeling FEM biomechanics MRI CT scan ultrasound

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Optimal postures and positioning for human body scanning

Optimal postures and positioning for human body scanning

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Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in 3-D digital Imaging and modeling

作者： Brunsman, Matthew A. Daanen, Hein M. Robinette, Kathleen M. Sytronics Inc Dayton United States

Advancements in technology for digitizing the surface of the human body are providing new opportunities for research in engineering anthropometry, the study of human body measurement for design and evaluation purposes. The availability of the technology is just the first step in applying surface scanning to engineering anthropometry: several issues remain to be resolved to make these tools useful for engineering applications. One important issue is the standardization of positioning and the posture of the subject for scanning. In engineering it is not enough to be able to measure one individual one time in one posture, but it is also necessary to measure the individual in different postures and compare the individual with many other people who have been comparably measured. Not surprisingly, people can be more difficult to measure precisely than fixed stationary objects. In the process of developing standardized procedures for surveying the civilian populations of North America and Europe, an experiment was conducted to determine optimal scanning positions. While this experiment used just one type of scanning technology, many of the methods are transferable to other methods as well. This paper discusses the results from that investigation.

关键词： Object recognition

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Hierarchical 2D mesh design and compression for video

Hierarchical 2D mesh design and compression for video

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1997 Picture Coding symposium (PCS 97)

作者： Celasun, I. Xia, M. Van, Beek, P.J.L. Tekalp, A.M. Department of Electrical Engineering Ctr. for Electronic Imaging Systems University of Rochester P.O. Box 270126 Rochester NY 14627 United States

This paper introduces two-dimensional (2D) hierarchical, content-based mesh modeling and compression for interactive digital video processing. The hierarchical nature of the mesh model enables different users to employ different meshes of varying level of detail to represent the same content depending on the computational resources and channel bandwidth that are available. In particular, a new mesh decimation procedure is proposed to design hierarchical content-adaptive 2D meshes such that each mesh layer (representing a different level of spatial hierarchy) is a subset of the previous higher detail mesh and has Delaunay topology. A method for hierarchical compression of such meshes is also discussed. Experimental results are presented on self-transfiguration using 2D hierarchical content-based Delaunay meshes.

关键词： Hierarchical mesh design Object-based video Scalable geometry compression

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Computer 3-d site model generation based on aerial images

Computer 3-d site model generation based on aerial images

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2nd Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing

作者： Zheltov, SY Blokhinov, YB Stepanov, AA Skryabin, SV Sibiryakov, AV State Research Institute of Aviation Systems (Russia)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424994

The technology for three-dimensional model design of real world scenes and its photorealistic rendering are current topic of investigation. Development of such technology is very attractive to implement in vast variety of applications: military mission planning, crew training, civil engineering, architecture, virtual reality entertainments - just a few was mentioned. 3D photorealistic models of urban areas are often discussed now as upgrade from existing two-dimensional geographic information systems. Possibility of site model generation with small details depends on two main factors: available source dataset and computer power resources. In this paper PC based technology is presented, so the scenes of middle resolution (scale of 1:1000) be constructed. Types of datasets are the gray level aerial stereo pairs of photographs (scale of 1:14000) and true color on ground photographs of buildings (scale ca. 1:1000). True color terrestrial photographs are also necessary for photorealistic rendering, that in high extent improves human perception of the scene.

关键词： digital photogrammetry 3D computer graphics site modeling orthoimage digital terrain model feature extraction texture mapping

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An object-oriented framework for rapid development of image analysis applications

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Medical Imaging 1997 symposium - Image Processing

作者： Liang, WD Zhang, XM Sonka, M Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA United States Taligent Inc. Cupertino CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819424455

Image analysis applications are usually composed of a set of graphic objects, a set of image processing algorithms, and a graphic user interface (GUI). Typically, developing an image analysis application is time-consuming and the developed programs are hard to maintain. We have developed a framework called IMANAL that aims at reducing the development costs by improving system maintainability, design change flexibility component reusability, and human-computer interaction. IMANAL decomposes an image analysis application into three models;data model, process model, and GUI model. The three models as well as the collaboration among them are standardized into a unified system architecture. A new application can be developed rapidly by customizing task-specific building blocks within the unified architecture. IMANAL maintains a class library of more than 100,000 lines of C/C++ code that are highly reusable for creating the three above mentioned models. Software components from other sources such as Khoros can also be easily included in the applications. IMANAL was used for development of image analysis applications utilizing a variety of medical images such as X-ray coronary angiography, intracardiac, intravascular and brachial ultrasound, and pulmonary CT. In all the above listed applications, the development productivity was significantly increased. With the IMANAL, most of the development overhead is removed and the developer is able to fully focus on the image analysis algorithms. IMANAL has proven to be a useful tool for image analysis research as well as the prototype development tool for commercial image analysis applications.

关键词： object-oriented design and programming object-oriented modeling software engineering image analysis image-processing human-computer interaction

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Knowledge engineering for analogue design facilitation

Knowledge engineering for analogue design facilitation

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IEEE International symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： G. Barry P.Y.K. Cheung C. Toumazou Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK

This paper describes how qualitative reasoning, functional reasoning and knowledge compilation can be combined to tackle the problem of analogue circuit design automation. A structure-behaviour-function semi-quantitat... 详细信息

关键词： Knowledge engineering design automation Educational institutions Knowledge representation Circuit synthesis humans Process design digital circuits Analog computers Books

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human organs dosimetry for transient electromagnetic fields

Human organs dosimetry for transient electromagnetic fields

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Microwave, MTT-S International symposium

作者： M. Mrozowski M. Okoniewski E. Okoniewska M.A. Stuchly Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada

A fast, flexible and accurate technique for evaluation of the induced electric fields and SAR in various organs and tissues of the human body is presented for exposure to arbitrarily long transient fields. The technique reduces the simulation times by several orders of magnitude as compared with previously used techniques, such as the finite-difference time-domain technique (FDTD). The computational efficiency and speed are obtained by building a parametric digital filter model of the object-transient field interaction. Very small errors have been demonstrated for transients having vastly different spectral composition from the pulse used to obtain the model.

关键词： humans Dosimetry Electromagnetic transients Electromagnetic fields Biological system modeling Finite difference methods Time domain analysis Computational modeling Computational efficiency digital filters

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modeling of interaction of electromagnetic fields from a cellular telephone with hearing aids

Modeling of interaction of electromagnetic fields from a cel...

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Microwave, MTT-S International symposium

作者： M. Okoniewski M.A. Stuchly S.S. Stuchly Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada

The use of digital modulation in the new generation of cellular telephones and other personal communication services (PCS) poses new problems and challenges in interactions with the human body. Among them is electromagnetic interference (EMI) with medical devices. We have evaluated the electric and magnetic fields in the ear canal at 900 MHz for a typical monopole antenna on a metallic handset, an equivalent dipole and a plane wave using the FDTD method. The results are of importance and used in developing performance standards and practical testing methods for various types of hearing aids.

关键词： Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic fields Personal communication networks Electromagnetic interference Biological system modeling digital modulation Telephony humans Magnetic fields Ear

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Optimal postures and positioning for human body scanning

Optimal postures and positioning for human body scanning

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International Conference on 3D Imaging, modeling, Processing, Visualization and Transmission (3DIMPVT)

作者： M.A. Brunsman H.M. Daanen K.M. Robinette Sytronics Inc. Dayton USA TNO Human Factors Research Institute Soesterberg Netherlands Computerized Anthropometric Research and Design Laboratories OH USA

Advancements in technology for digitizing the surface of the human body are providing new opportunities for research in engineering anthropometry, the study of human body measurement for design and evaluation purposes. The availability of the technology is just the first step in applying surface scanning to engineering anthropometry; several issues remain to be resolved to make these tools useful for engineering applications. One important issue is the standardization of positioning and the posture of the subject for scanning. In engineering it is not enough to be able to measure one individual one time in one posture, but it is also necessary to measure the individual in different postures and compare the individual with many other people who have been comparably measured. Not surprisingly, people can be more difficult to measure precisely than fixed stationary objects. In the process of developing standardized procedures for surveying the civilian populations of North America and Europe, an experiment was conducted to determine optimal scanning positions. While this experiment used just one type of scanning technology, many of the methods are transferable to other methods as well. This paper discusses the results from that investigation.

关键词： humans Anthropometry Time measurement Force measurement North America Europe Head Area measurement Laboratories design engineering

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