In both the Research Institute for humanengineering (FAT) and the Bochum Polytechnic a modular control station is being used for the development of autonomous mobile systems in a cooperative effort. In the FAT this c...
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In both the Research Institute for humanengineering (FAT) and the Bochum Polytechnic a modular control station is being used for the development of autonomous mobile systems in a cooperative effort. In the FAT this control station is used to operate a robot vehicle with the dimensions of a fork lift truck. This vehicle performs driving missions in a factory hall. At the Bochum Polytechnis the same control station is used to operate a smaller robot vehicle (100 cm high and 50 cm wide) in the campus building. The development of the control station had to take into account completely different vehicles travelling at incompatible speeds in a different environment. Thus the systems approach started with a general design of a control station for an operator to guide a mobile land robot for a wide range of possible missions. The base software is composed of numerous hardware independent modules. The operator uses an approach with two monitors which present for example digital maps, display sensor data but also a normal TV picture from cameras on the robot vehicle. With the modular control station approach it should be easy to develop new applications for completely different environments and vehicle cinematics and to cooperate in the ongoing development of autonomous system components.
ESD protection capability of SOI CMOS output buffers has been studied with human body model (HBM) stresses of both positive and negative polarity. Experimental results show that the ESD discharge current is absorbed b...
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ESD protection capability of SOI CMOS output buffers has been studied with human body model (HBM) stresses of both positive and negative polarity. Experimental results show that the ESD discharge current is absorbed by the NMOSFET alone. Unlike bulk technologies where the bi-directional ESD failure voltages are limited by positive polarity stresses, SOI circuits display a more serious reliability problem in handling negative ESD discharge current. Bulk NMOS output buffers fabricated on the substrate of the same SOI wafers, after etching away the buried oxide, have been used to compare the ESD protection capability between bulk and SOI technologies. The ESD voltage sustained by these "bulk" NMOS buffers is about twice the voltage sustained by conventional SOI NMOS buffers. This scheme is proposed as an alternative ESD protection for SOI circuits. The effectiveness of ESD resistant design strategies developed in bulk-substrate technologies when transferred to SOI circuits is also discussed in this paper.< >
In dynamic high risk environments, such as aviation, air traffic control, and nuclear power plant operations, when emergencies arise, the burden of diagnosing and developing a response strategy in real time can be ver...
In dynamic high risk environments, such as aviation, air traffic control, and nuclear power plant operations, when emergencies arise, the burden of diagnosing and developing a response strategy in real time can be very high. One response to this problem that has been adopted in a number of domains is to develop preplanned response strategies in the form of procedures that the person-on-the-scene is expected to follow in dealing with the emergency. This symposium examines the cognitive demands inherent in responding to emergencies when procedures are available, and the implications for development of computer-based procedures and related decision-support *** four papers examine procedure-supported performance from different perspectives. Three of the papers directly compare operator performance in simulated emergencies using paper-based procedures with operator performance using prototypes of computer-based procedures. The paper by Converse, reports an empirical study comparing operator performance using these two modes of support. The papers by Laughery and Persensky and Hoecker, Corker, Roth, Lipner and Bunzo examine the use of simulation models of operator performance as engineering tools for predicting the effect of computer-based procedures on operator performance. All three papers point to ways in which computer-based procedures facilitate operator performance and ways in which they impose new demands. The fourth paper, by Roth, investigates operator performance in more complex simulated emergencies that are not fully addressed by the procedures. The paper describes the cognitive activities required of operators to recognize and deal with situations that go beyond the available procedural guidance, and discusses implications for the design of computerized procedures and related decision support systems.
The design Evaluation for Personnel, Training and human factors (DEPTH) program is a 53 month effort to develop a versatile, computer graphics-based humanmodeling technology. This technology will be implemented on a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)078030943X
The design Evaluation for Personnel, Training and human factors (DEPTH) program is a 53 month effort to develop a versatile, computer graphics-based humanmodeling technology. This technology will be implemented on a high-speed graphics workstation for application during new system design and system modification to describe, evaluate and document human-centered aspects of system performance. The purpose of the DEPTH human-centered design analyses is to develop a fuller and more accurate estimation of human performance requirements and limitations during product design. They will be performed as an element of the Integrated Product Development (IPD) process to illustrate, predict, evaluate, and describe human/product interactions during the product's life cycle. The DEPTH Program provides an opportunity to integrate CAD, automated information technologies, virtual reality and human performance knowledge into an integrated system for influencing a product's design for supportability and for documentation and development of the product requirements for human and logistics resources, as part of an Integrated Product Development Process. Government and industry involvement will be encouraged to ensure that the DEPTH system supports and complements the continuous improvement of our design and support processes.
The proceedings contain 26 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Computer Performance modeling, Measurement and Evaluation. The topics include: Parallel simulation;properties and analysis of queueing netw...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540572978
The proceedings contain 26 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Computer Performance modeling, Measurement and Evaluation. The topics include: Parallel simulation;properties and analysis of queueing network models with finite capacities;performance analysis and optimization with the power-series algorithm;multiprocessor and distributed system design;response time distributions in queueing network models;fast simulation of rare events in queueing and reliability models;an inlxoduction to modeling dynamic behavior with time series analysis;issues in trace-driven simulation;maximum entropy analysis of queueing network models;performance modeling using DSPN express;relaxation for massively parallel discrete event simulation;an overview of tes processes and modeling methodology;performance engineering of client-server systems;queueing networks with finite capacities;performance instrumentation techniques for parallel systems;a survey of bottleneck analysis in closed networks of queues;software performance engineering;performance measurement using system monitors;providing quality of service packet switched networks;dependability and performability analysis;architectures and algorithms for digital multimedia on-demand servers;analysis and control of polling systems;modeling and analysis of transaction processing systems.
Proceedings incorporates 77 papers. The material is grouped according to the following major themes: R&M specification, planning and acquisition;maintainability, built-in test, testability;R&M prediction metho...
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ISBN:
(纸本)078030943X
Proceedings incorporates 77 papers. The material is grouped according to the following major themes: R&M specification, planning and acquisition;maintainability, built-in test, testability;R&M prediction methodology;product assurance management;modeling and analysis for R unique applications of R quality engineering, including a review of Taguchi and related approaches;next generation commercial airplanes: reliability for airplane economics;R&M analysis techniques;modeling and analysis for R integrating human reliability into system analysis and design;life-cycle cost, logistic support analysis, warranties;component reliability;R&M software issues;R&M in nonmilitary environment;testing;as well as R&M software tools.
The capabilities of the new DIII-D digital control system have motivated an effort to apply state-of-the-art multivariable techniques to control of the DIII-D tokamak. Tokamak plasma control is inherently multivariabl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780314131
The capabilities of the new DIII-D digital control system have motivated an effort to apply state-of-the-art multivariable techniques to control of the DIII-D tokamak. Tokamak plasma control is inherently multivariable in nature, since many closely coupled equilibrium parameters must be regulated simultaneously during a discharge. The present work describes the determination of dynamic models for plasma response and plasma interaction with conducting structures, necessary for calculation of accurate and robust multivariable control laws. Plasma response matrices and shape prediction matrices are calculated from analytic models and perturbed ideal MHD equilibria. Plasma resistive effects are described by a circuit equation which conserves poloidal flux on time scales shorter than the plasma L/R time. Shape estimation and plasma/conductor eigenmode spectrum results are presented along with experimental data and time-dependent simulations.
We present a new approach for estimating printer model parameters that can be applied to a wide variety of laser printers. Recently developed `model-based' digital halftoning techniques depend on accurate printer ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819411469
We present a new approach for estimating printer model parameters that can be applied to a wide variety of laser printers. Recently developed `model-based' digital halftoning techniques depend on accurate printer models to produce high quality images using standard laser printers (typically 300 dpi). Since printer characteristics vary considerably, e.g. write-black vs. write- white laser printers, the model parameters must be adapted to each individual printer. Previous approaches for estimating the printer model parameters are based on a physical understanding of the printing mechanism. One such approach uses the `circular dot-overlap model,' which assumes that the laser printer produces circularly shaped dots of ink. The `circular dot-overlap model' is an accurate model for many printers but cannot describe the behavior of all printers. The new approach is based on measurements of the gray level produced by various test patterns, and makes very few assumptions about the laser printer. We use a reflectance densitometer to measure the average brightness of the test patterns, and then solve a constrained optimization problem to obtain the printer model parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, the model parameters of two laser printers with very different characteristics were estimated. The printed models were then used with both the modified error diffusion and the least-squares model-based approach to produce printed images with the correct gray-scale rendition. We also derived an iterative version of the modified error diffusion algorithm that improves its performance.
The authors address one problem of speeding parallel digital system simulation using time warp, namely, that logical processes with errant behavior can incur considerable rollback behavior (analogous to thrashing in p...
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The authors address one problem of speeding parallel digital system simulation using time warp, namely, that logical processes with errant behavior can incur considerable rollback behavior (analogous to thrashing in paging virtual memories). Consequently, additional mechanisms must be added to an optimistically synchronized simulator to inhibit excessive rollback. They describe a method of adaptively sizing bounded time windows to balance lookahead processing.< >
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