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Southeastern symposium on System Theory

作者： E.C. Chung M. Celenk Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ohio University Athens OH USA

This paper describes an information distribution system that merges the personal computer (PC) and facsimile technologies to enhance and expand the capabilities of existing stand-alone facsimile machines. The goal is to identify and develop mechanisms to reliably dispatch or receive a page of text or graphical material to or from any place worldwide within one minute. To allow universal compatibility, the system is designed based on the CCITT recommendations for Group 3 fax apparatus. Automated sending and receiving processes are devised in a user-friendly, menu-driven environment to minimize human intervention. The information dispatching mechanism is integrated with existing PC wordprocessors, graphics editors, and image databases. In addition, the system software is implemented at the application layer of an OSI LAN model as a fax server to provide a cost effective solution for information exchange that rivals existing document delivery system.

关键词： Facsimile Telephony Costs Microcomputers Paper technology Materials reliability humans Dispatching Graphics Open systems

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Knowledge-based reasoning in the Paladin tactical decision generation system

Knowledge-based reasoning in the Paladin tactical decision g...

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Conference on digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： A.R. Chappell Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Company Hampton VA USA

A real-time tactical decision generation system for air combat engagements, Paladin, has been developed. A pilot's job in air combat includes tasks that are largely symbolic. These symbolic tasks are generally performed through the application of experience and training (i.e., knowledge) gathered over years of flying a fighter aircraft. Two such tasks, situation assessment and throttle control, are identified and broken out in Paladin to be handled by specialized knowledge-based systems. Knowledge pertaining to these tasks is encoded into rule bases to provide the foundation for decisions. Paladin uses a customer-built inference engine and a partitioned rule-base structure to give these symbolic results in real time. An overview of knowledge-based reasoning systems as a subset of rule-based systems is provided. The knowledge used by Paladin in generating results as well as the system design for real-time execution is discussed. Paladin uses artificial intelligence techniques to address air-to-air combat and agile aircraft in a clear and concise manner. The Differential Maneuvering Simulator offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the Paladin software in a real-time tactical environment against human pilots.< >

关键词： Aircraft propulsion Aerospace control Object oriented modeling Aerospace electronics Control systems Real time systems Knowledge based systems Testing humans Artificial intelligence

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Using Neural Net modeling for User Assistance in HCI Tasks

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International Journal of human-Computer Interaction 1992年第1期4卷 59-77页

作者： Eberts, Ray Villegas, Leticia Phillips, Colleen Eberts, Cindelyn School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 United States

In the UNIX operating system, many complex operations can be done using a single command line, in the most efficient method, or they can be done using several command lines of simple commands, in a less efficient method. Recognizing when and how to use these efficient commands is difficult for novice users and for many experts. Five UNIX-based tasks were constructed that could be done using many simple commands, or they could be performed using one or two more complex and efficient commands. Subjects were asked to perform these tasks using the most efficient methods they could. Many different command sequences were generated from these subjects. These data were then used in a neural net model to map the commands to message markers for task assistance. An experiment was devised to test how well users could utilize the mappings of inefficient commands to help messages from the neural net. In the neural net assisted condition, subjects received assistance for the most efficient command whenever the neural net model detected that a command could be done more efficiently. This condition was compared to one in which the subjects could use off-line help and to a control condition where subjects received no assistance. Results showed that the neural net assisted group was better able to find the most efficient commands, the variance of the tasks was reduced when compared to the other groups, and performance was related to the number of efficient commands needed, rather than the difficulty or uncertainty of the task. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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A student modeling System for ITCDD: An Intelligent Tutor for CMOS digital design 23

A student Modeling System for ITCDD: An Intelligent Tutor fo...

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23rd Southeastern symposium on System Theory, SSST 1991

作者： Kee, Chang Jin Kaul, Neeraj Biswas, Gautam Bhuva, Bharat Vargas, Juan E. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of South Carolina ColumbiaSC29208 United States Electrical Engineering Department Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Computer Science Department Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818621907

modeling the state of knowledge a student has during a problem solving process is one of the most difficult tasks in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) research [1]. This research describes the implementation of an ITS that teaches CMOS digital circuit design. The overall goal is to teach circuit design at the undergraduate level, while the specific aim is to design a Student modeling Module (SMM) that evaluates a student's response to a circuit design problem. The SMM classifies concepts used (or not used) by a student in four categories: known concept, misconception, missing concept, and forgotten concept. Based on this generic categorization of student's knowledge of design and domain concepts, the tutoring module selects appropriate problems and level of explanations in a manner that facilitates highly individualized instruction. © 1991 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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ANALYSIS AND modeling OF UNIFORMLY AND NONUNIFORMLY COUPLED LOSSY LINES FOR INTERCONNECTIONS AND PACKAGING IN HYBRID AND MONOLITHIC CIRCUITS

ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF UNIFORMLY AND NONUNIFORMLY COUPLED ...

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INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ADVANCES IN INTERCONNECTION AND PACKAGING

作者： ORHANOVIC, N HAYDEN, L TRIPATHI, VK Oregon State Univ. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940456X

Analytical and numerical techniques formulated to model uniform and nonuniform lines are used to compute signal delays distortion and crosstalk in interconnects and packaging. The techniques presented include the use of CAD compatible circuit models and computational techniques based on time and frequency domain solution of multiconductor lossy interconnects. Typical numerical results for the pulse propagation characteristics of uniformly and nonuniformly coupled interconnects are presented.

关键词： Packaging Hybrid circuits Solid modeling Circuit switching Computer aided design Distortion

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design, SIMULATION-MODEL AND MEASUREMENTS FOR HIGH-DENSITY INTERCONNECTIONS

DESIGN, SIMULATION-MODEL AND MEASUREMENTS FOR HIGH-DENSITY I...

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INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ADVANCES IN INTERCONNECTION AND PACKAGING

作者： SHRIVASTAVA, UA Motorola Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940456X

High density interconnections are essential for high performance systems. For excellent signal fidelity it is essential to design interconnects as controlled impedance transmission lines in these systems. Results from design studies are summarized in this paper. Effects of substrate and conductor properties on the interconnect parameters are emphasized. Crosstalk noise is proportional to interconnection density. Crosstalk can be analyzed in SPICE using a set of isolated transmission line and congruence transformers synthesized with dependent sources A SPICE subcircuit for a pair of coupled interconnections is presented. Using this subcircuit crosstalk calculations are illustrated for systems based ECL and CMOS technologies. High density interconnects have considerable resistance. Results of a theoretical analysis of the time domain reflectometer (TDR) responses of a lossy interconnect are presented. These results can be used to determine the impedance and the effective resistance of the interconnections using a TDR. This technique is especially useful for digital systems using lossy transmission line approach.

关键词： Systems modeling Resistance CMOS technology Reflectometry Transformers

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A surface intersection algorithm based on loop detection 1

A surface intersection algorithm based on loop detection

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1st ACM symposium on Solid modeling Foundations and CAD/CAM Applications, SMA 1991

作者： Hohmeyer, Michael E. Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA4720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914279

A robust and efficient surface intersection algorithm that is implementable in floating point arithmetic, accepts surfaces algebraic or otherwise and which operates without human supervision is critical to boundary representation solid modeling. To the author's knowledge, no such algorithm has been developed. All tole ranee-based subdivision algorithms will fail on surfaces with sufficiently small intersections. Algebraic techniques, while promising robustness, are presently too slow to be practical and don't accept non-algebraic surfaces. Algorithms based on loop detection hold promise [45,46,48]. They don't require tolerances except those associated with machine arithmetic, and can handle any surface for which there is a method to construct bounds on the surface and its Gauss map. Published loop detection algorithms are, however, still too slow and do not deal with singularities. We present a new loop detection criterion and discuss its use in a surface intersection algorithm. The algorithm, like other loop detection based intersection algorithms, subdivides the surfaces into pairs of sub-patches which do not intersect in any closed loops. This paper presents new strategies for subdividing surfaces in a way that causes the algorithm to run quickly even when the intersection curve(s) contain(s) singularities. © 1991 ACM.

关键词： digital arithmetic

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A student modeling system for ITCDD: an intelligent tutor for CMOS digital design

A student modeling system for ITCDD: an intelligent tutor fo...

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Southeastern symposium on System Theory

作者： Chang Jin Kee N. Kaul G. Biswas B. Bhuva J.E. Vargas Elecctrical and Computcr Engineering Department University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Electrical Engineering Department Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Computer science Department Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

modeling the state of knowledge a student has during a problem solving process is one of the most difficult tasks in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) research. The paper describes the implementation of an ITS that teaches CMOS digital circuit design. The overall goal is to teach circuit design at the undergraduate level, while the specific aim is to design a student modeling module (SMM) that evaluates a student's response to a circuit design problem. The SMM classifies concepts used (or not used) by a student in four categories: known concept, misconception, missing concept, and forgotten concept. Based on this generic categorization of student's knowledge of design and domain concepts, the tutoring module selects appropriate problems and level of explanations in a manner that facilitates highly individualized instruction.< >

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling CMOS digital integrated circuits digital circuits Circuit synthesis Intelligent systems Computer aided instruction Education Process design CMOS process humans

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16-kbps modem design using Vector Quantization 23

16-kbps modem design using Vector Quantization

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23rd Southeastern symposium on System Theory, SSST 1991

作者： Foster, John Harris, Sharon F. Electrical Engineering North Carolina AandT State University GreensboroNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818621907

Vector Quantization (VQ) has traditionally been used as a source coding technique for digital coding systems. By reversing the order of the encoding and decoding process, VQ can be used as a binary input/analog output coder to transmit binary messages across analog channels. As compared to traditional modem schemes, VQ offers higher transmission rates for a fixed SNR or lower SNR's for a fixed transmission rate. The initial simulation efforts, written in F77, used the AWGN channel with low dimensions (1-8) and data rates of 1-3 bits/sample or equivalently 8,000-24,000 bits/second. The research strategy involves the following: 1) Upgrading the VQ Modem algorithm, 2) Channel modeling and computer simulation of higher dimension, 3) System performance simulation, 4) Development of VQ Modem system. Simulations of higher dimension sizes (8-16) are written in C programming language and using the VQ Modem algorithm with AWGN 3.2 KHz channels, transmission rates of 16 Kbps are achievable across "average" telephone lines. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design of a real-time VQ Modem system is being ported onto Mentor Graphics CAD tools on Apollo work stations. © 1991 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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MODEL-BASED HALF-TONING 2

MODEL-BASED HALF-TONING

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CONF ON human VISION, VISUAL PROCESSING, AND digital DISPLAY

作者： PAPPAS, TN NEUHOFF, DL AT&T Bell Labs. (United States) Univ. of Michigan (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819405523

New model-based approaches to digital halftoning are proposed. They are intended primarily for laser printers, which generate 'distortions' such as 'dot overlap'. Conventional methods, such as clustered-dot ordered dither, resist distortions at the expense of spatial and gray-scale resolution. Our methods rely on printer models that predict distortions and, rather than merely resisting them, they exploit them to increase, rather than decrease, gray-scale and spatial resolution. We propose a general framework for printer models, and find a specific model of laser printers. As an example of model-based halftoning we propose a modification of error diffusion, which is often considered the best halftoning method of CRT displays with no significant distortions. The new version exploits the printer model to extend the benefits of error diffusion to printers. Experiments show that it provides high quality reproductions with reasonable complexity. The quality of printed images obtained using the new technique on a 300 dots/inch printer is comparable to the quality of images obtained with traditional techniques (e.g. 'Classical' screening) on a 400 dots/inch printer. Model-based halftoning can be especially useful in transmission of high quality documents using high fidelity gray-scale image encoders. As we show in a companion paper, is such cases halftoning is performed at the receiver, just before printing. Apart form coding efficiency, this approach permits the halftoner to be tuned to the individual printer, whose characteristics may vary considerably from those of other printers, for example, write-black vs. write-white laser printers.

关键词： Printing Visual process modeling Diffusion Nonimpact printing Eye models Model-based design Spatial resolution Visualization Binary data Eye

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