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Conference on Image compression and Encryption technologies

作者： Tian, J Digimarc Corp Tualatin OR 97062 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819442798

In the digital information age, digital content (audio, image, and video) can be easily copied, manipulated, and distributed. Copyright protection and content authentication of digital content has become an urgent problem to content owners and distributors. digital watermarking has provided a valid solution to this problem. Based on its application scenario, most digital watermarking methods can be divided into two categories: robust watermarking and fragile watermarking. Here, we will concentrate on fragile watermarking of digital images, which is for image content authentication. Our fragile watermarking method is heavily based on the new image compression standard JPEG 2000. We choose a compressed bit stream from JPEG 2000 as the hash of an image, and embed the hash back to the image. The exceptional compression performance of JPEG 2000 solves the tradeoff between small hash size and high hash confidence level. In the authentication stage, the embedded compressed bit stream will be extracted. Then it will be compared with the compressed bit stream of the image to be authenticated. The authentication decision comes from the. comparison result. Besides content authentication, we will also show how to employ this watermarking method fur hiding one image into another.

关键词： image compression wavelet content authentication digital watermarking fragile watermark image hiding digimarc

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Image sequence segmentation using curve evolution and improved background subtraction

Image sequence segmentation using curve evolution and improv...

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10th Visual Information Processing Conference

作者： Liu, W Zhang, J Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Milwaukee WI 53201 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440833

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to image sequence segmentation. In this approach, the presence of moving objects is first detected through background subtraction, i.e., the difference between the current frame and a dynamically updated background. Then, moving objects are extracted from the background subtraction image. Experimental results on surveillance image sequences demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed approach and its improvements over previous background subtraction techniques.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing algorithms and systems digital filtering Surveillance Cameras Motion estimation video compression video surveillance Light sources and illumination video

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Moving image compression and generalization capability of constructive neural networks

Moving image compression and generalization capability of co...

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Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence IV

作者： Ma, L Khorasani, K Concordia Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)081944085X

To date numerous techniques have been proposed to compress digital images to ease their storage and transmission over communication channels. Recently, a number of image compression algorithms using Neural Networks (NNs) have been developed. Particularly, several constructive feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) have been proposed by researchers for image compression, and promising results have been reported. At the previous SPIE AeroSense conference (2000), we proposed to use a constructive One-Hidden-Layer Feedforward Neural Network (OHL-FNN) for compressing still digital images. In this paper, we first investigate the generalization capability of the proposed OHL-FNN in the presence of additive noise for network training and/or generalization. Extensive experimental results for different scenarios are presented. It is revealed that the constructive OHL-FNN is not as robust to additive noise in input image as expected. Next, the constructive OHL-FNN is applied to moving images (video sequences). The first (or other specified) frame in a moving image sequence is used to train the network. The remaining moving images that follow are then generalized/compressed by this trained network. Three types of correlation-like criteria measuring the similarity of any two images are introduced. The relationship between the generalization capability of the constructed net and the similarity of images is investigated in some detail. It is shown that the constructive OHL-FNN is promising even for changing images such as those extracted from a "football game".

关键词： image compression constructive Neural Networks adaptive structure networks video compression training generalization capabilities

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Security of digital entertainment content from creation to consumption

Security of digital entertainment content from creation to c...

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Conference on Applications of digital Image Processing XXIV

作者： Eskicioglu, AM Town, J Delp, EJ Thomson Multimedia Indianapolis IN 46290 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441864

With the advent of digital technologies, many new market opportunities have emerged for content owners, content distributors, and consumer electronics/information technology industries. An essential requirement for developing a thriving marketplace is the protection of copyrighted content in digital form. There are four major stages in the delivery of content to the consumer: (1) capturing on digital media, (2) packaging, (3) distribution to home networks, and (4) transfer to the final audio/visual device within the home network. Entertainment content is of particular importance as it will be in high demand for many years to come. If an end-to-end security cannot be provided in a digital market, there would be no incentive for content creation. Lack of new supplies would result in detrimental effects for all the industries involved in the delivery chain. In this paper, we present the primary means of securing the entertainment content from creation to consumption in an attempt to understand the overall complexity of the problem.

关键词： video digital video discs Compact discs Information security digital watermarking Manufacturing Analog electronics Packaging Standards development video compression

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Local analysis of distortion and ATR error associated with decompressed digital imagery

Local analysis of distortion and ATR error associated with d...

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4th Conference on Mathematics of Image and Data Coding, compression, and Encryption

作者： Schmalz, MS Ritter, GX Caimi, FM Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441899

A crucial deficiency of lossy blockwise image compression is the generation of local artifacts such as ringing defects, obscuration of fine detail, and blocking effect (BE). To date, few published reports of image quality measures (IQMs) have addressed the detection of such errors in a realistic, efficient manner. Exceptions are feature-based IQMs, perceptual IQMs, error detection templates, and quantification of BE that support its reduction in JPEG- and wavelet-compressed imagery. In this paper, we present an enhanced suite of IQMs that emphasize detection of local, feature-specific errors that corrupt visual appearance or numerical integrity of decompressed digital imagery. By the term visual appearance is meant subjective error, in contrast with objectively quantified effects of compression on individual pixel values and their spatial interrelationships. Subjective error is of key importance in human viewing applications, for example, Internet video. Objective error is primarily of interest in object recognition applications such as automated target recognition (ATR), where implementational concerns involve the effect of compression or decompression algorithms on probability of detection (Pd) and rate of false alarms (Rfa). Analysis of results presented herein emphasizes application-specific quantiication of local compression errors. In particular, introduction of extraneous detail (e.g., ringing defects or BE) or obscuration of source detail (e.g., texture masking) adversely impact both subjective and objective error of a decompressed image. Blocking effect is primarily a visual problem, but can confound ATR filters when a target spans a block boundary. Introduction of point or cluster errors primarily degrades ATR filter performance, but can also produce noticeable degradation of fine detail for human visual evaluation of decompressed imagery. In practice, error and performance analysis is supported by examples of ATR imagery including airborne and underwater

关键词： image compression error analysis automated target recognition

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Feature representation and compression for content-based retrieval

Feature representation and compression for content-based ret...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2001

作者： Xie, H Ortega, A Univ So Calif Dept Elect Engn Syst Integrated Media Syst Ctr Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819439886

In semantic content-based image/video browsing and navigation systems, efficient mechanisms to represent and manage a large collection of digital images/videos are needed. Traditional keyword-based indexing describes the content of multimedia data through annotations such as text or keywords extracted manually by the user from a controlled vocabulary This textual indexing technique lacks the flexibility of satisfying various kinds of queries requested by database users and also requires huge amount of work for updating the information. Current content-based retrieval systems often extract a set of features such as color, texture, shape motion, speed, and position from the raw multimedia data automatically and store them as content descriptors. This content-based metadata differs from text-based metadata in that it supports wider varieties of queries and can be extracted automatically, thus providing a promising approach for efficient database access and management. When the raw data volume grows very large, explicitly extracting the content-information and storing it as metadata along with the images will improve querying performance since metadata requires much less storage than the raw image data and thus will be easier to manipulate. In this paper we maintain that storing metadata together with images will enable effective information management and efficient remote query. We also show, using a texture classification example, that this side information can be compressed while guaranteeing that the desired query accuracy is satisfied. We argue that the compact representation of the image contents not only reduces significantly the storage and transmission rate requirement, but also facilitates certain types of queries. algorithms are developed for optimized compression of this texture feature metadata given that tile goal is to maximize tile classification performance for a given rate budget.

关键词： metadata content-based retrieval texture classification compression bit allocation

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A public automated web-based evaluation service for watermarking schemes:: StirMark Benchmark

A public automated web-based evaluation service for watermar...

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Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III Conference

作者： Petitcolas, FAP Steinebach, M Raynal, F Dittmann, J Fontaine, C Fatès, N Microsoft Res Cambridge England

ISBN: (纸本)0819439924

One of the main problems, which darkens the future of digital watermarking technologies, is the lack of detailed evaluation of existing marking schemes. This lack of benchmarking of current algorithms is blatant and confuses rights holders as well as software and hardware manufacturers and prevents them from using the solution appropriate to their needs. Indeed basing long-lived protection schemes on badly tested watermarking technology does not make sense. In this paper we will present the architecture of a public automated evaluation service we have developed for still images, sound and video. We will detail and justify our choice of evaluation profiles, that is the series of tests applied to different types of watermarking schemes. These evaluation profiles allow us to measure the reliability of a marking scheme to different levels from low to very high. Beside the known StirMark transformations, we will also detail new tests that will be included in this platform. One of them is intended to measure the real size of the key space. Indeed, if one is not careful, two different watermarking keys may produce interfering watermarks and as a consequence the actual space of keys is much smaller than it appears. Another set of tests is related to audio data and addresses the usual equalisation and normalisation but also time stretching, pitch shifting. Finally we propose a set of tests for fingerprinting applications. This includes: averaging of copies with different fingerprint, random exchange of part between different copies and comparison between copies with selection of most/less frequently used position differences.

关键词： digital watermarking

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基于PSTN的远程多媒体监控系统

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中国图象图形学报（A辑） 2001年第6期6卷 594-598页

作者：戴礼荣李枫王仁华中国科学技术大学电子工程与信息科学系合肥230027

基于 PSTN网的远程多媒体监控技术 ,其关键是针对监控应用要求 ,在保证一定的图象和语音质量的同时 ,对图象与语音以尽量高的压缩率进行压缩 ,以及对图象与语音压缩进行实时处理 ;在所介绍的基于 PSTN的远程多媒体监控系统中 ,图象和语... 详细信息

基于 PSTN网的远程多媒体监控技术 ,其关键是针对监控应用要求 ,在保证一定的图象和语音质量的同时 ,对图象与语音以尽量高的压缩率进行压缩 ,以及对图象与语音压缩进行实时处理 ;在所介绍的基于 PSTN的远程多媒体监控系统中 ,图象和语音压缩处理是采用 H.2 6 3和 G.732 .1协议 .首先介绍了该系统组成结构 ;然后在简要介绍基于 H.2 6 3和 G.732 .1协议的图象与语音压缩算法的基础上 ,进一步讨论了针对远程多媒体监控的应用要求 ,基于图象与语音压缩的若干考虑 ,着重讨论和介绍了该系统的关键组成部分 ,即多媒体远程监控终端机的设计与实现 ,提出了基于高速 DSP技术的图象与语音压缩实时处理的关键技术及所采取的措施。

关键词：图象压缩语音压缩数字信号处理器 PSTN 公众电话网远程多媒体监控系统结构

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A system for placing videotaped and digital lectures on-line

A system for placing videotaped and digital lectures on-line

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International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, video and Speech Processing

作者： M.N. Wallick N. da Vitoria Lobo M. Shah School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9628576623

The idea of distance education, or learning at home has become very popular in recent years. Most major Universities offer classes on-line, and several smaller institutes exclusively offer distance classes. The distance courses can be offered either by mail (videotapes and books) or over the Internet (Web pages). Web-based courses are limited by bandwidth restrictions. This makes complex, interactive presentation of information virtually impossible. videotapes are able to present complex information, however the production and distribution cost of videotapes makes the idea very prohibitive. This paper presents a system for compressing video lectures for Internet transmission, without losing classroom information. In addition, we present algorithms that improve the interactivity of the presentation by use of optical character recognition and speech recognition technologies.

关键词： Internet Distance learning Educational institutions Postal services Books Web pages Bandwidth Costs video compression Optical character recognition software

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Adaptive encoders: The new generation of MPEG-2 encoders

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SMPTE JOURNAL 2000年第4期109卷 287-294页

作者： Guillotel, P Thoreau, D Ruellou, P Bordes, P Chupeau, B Chevance, C Thompson Multimedia R&D F-35511 Cesson Sevigne France

Whereas current debate concerns more object-oriented technologies, such as the MPEG-4 standardization process, this paper adresses the state of the art of MPEG-2 technology. The MPEG-2 standard was adopted four years ago and is currently used for broadcasting digital television worldwide. Some comments and requirements from the first field trials require a new generation of MPEG-2 compression systems, and it was the objective of this paper to try to give some inputs for them. Whereas the first generations were mainly an optimization of the TM5 model with new motion estimators, new bit-rate control strategies and sometimes new mode selection algorithms, this new generation will be adaptive to the picture content and complexity. This adaptation concerns not only the input data (such as picture resolution, noise reduction) or the encoder itself(GOP structure, local adaptation, multipass encoding), but also the bandwidth (statistical multiplexing). From the results presented here, a 20 to 30% bit savings can be expected on average, and locally more than 50% (for special cases where the encoders fails, i.e,. noise, scene cuts, fading). After being in the cost and system software, the competition is now clearly on compression efficiency to add as many programs as possible into one single channel. The new techniques developed and introduced in this phase of optimization will certainly be exploited in future standards such as MPEG-4 or MPEG-7 where segmentation and scene characterization, respectively, will be key technologies.

关键词： video videotapes Key technology new technique Systems software ENCODER Self tuning state of the art field experimentation MPEG 4 Standard

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