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检索条件"任意字段=Digital Video Compression - Algorithms and Technologies 1996 Conference"

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Data-driven approach to dynamic visual attention modelling

Data-driven approach to dynamic visual attention modelling

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conference on Optics, Photonics and digital technologies for Multimedia Applications II

作者： Culibrk, Dubravko Sladojevic, Srdjan Riche, Nicolas Mancas, Matei Crnojevi, Vladimir Univ Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradov 6 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819491282

Visual attention deployment mechanisms allow the Human Visual System to cope with an overwhelming amount of visual data by dedicating most of the processing power to objects of interest. The ability to automatically detect areas of the visual scene that will be attended to by humans is of interest for a large number of applications, from video coding, video quality assessment to scene understanding. Due to this fact, visual saliency (bottom-up attention) models have generated significant scientific interest in recent years. Most recent work in this area deals with dynamic models of attention that deal with moving stimuli (videos) instead of traditionally used still images. Visual saliency models are usually evaluated against ground-truth eye-tracking data collected from human subjects. However, there are precious few recently published approaches that try to learn saliency from eye-tracking data and, to the best of our knowledge, no approaches that try to do so when dynamic saliency is concerned. The paper attempts to fill this gap and describes an approach to data-driven dynamic saliency model learning. A framework is proposed that enables the use of eye-tracking data to train an arbitrary machine learning algorithm, using arbitrary features derived from the scene. We evaluate the methodology using features from a state-of-the art dynamic saliency model and show how simple machine learning algorithms can be trained to distinguish between visually salient and non-salient parts of the scene.

关键词： Saliency dynamic video data-driven machine learning eye-tracking

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Integral imaging as a modality for 3D TV and displays

Integral imaging as a modality for 3D TV and displays

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conference on 3-Dimensional TV, video and Display

作者： McCormick, M Davies, N Milnthorpe, G Aggoun, A Forman, M De Montfort Univ Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England

ISBN: (纸本)0819446432

The development of 3D TV systems and displays for public use require that several important criteria be satisfied. The criteria are that the perceived resolution is as good as existing 2D TV, the image must be in full natural colour, compatibility with current 2D systems in terms of frame rate and transmission data must be ensured, human-factors concerns must be satisfied and seamless autostereoscopic viewing provided. There are several candidate 3D technologies, for example stereoscopic multiview, holographic and integral imaging that endeavor to satisfy the technological and other conditions. The perceived advantages of integral imaging are that the 3D data can be captured by a single aperture camera, the display is a scaled 3D optical model, and in viewing accommodation and convergence are as in normal sighting (natural) thereby preventing possible eye strain. Consequently it appears to be ideal for prolonged human use. The technological factors that inhibited the possible use of integral imaging for TV display have been shown to be less intractable than at first thought. For example compression algorithms are available such that terrestrial bandwidth is perfectly suitable for transmission purposes. Real-time computer generation of integral images is feasible and the high-resolution LCD panels currently available are sufficient to enable high contrast and high quality image display.

关键词： integral imaging 3D TV camera data compression computer generation display technology

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Multiresolution motion estimation for the MPEG coder

Multiresolution motion estimation for the MPEG coder

引用

digital video compression: algorithms and technologies 1996

作者： Calvagno, Giancarlo Rinaldo, R. Sbaiz, Luciano M. Univ. di Padova Padova Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819420425

The first step of the coding technique proposed in the MPEG standard is motion compensation. It reduces the residual error energy using a fraction of the total bit rate to transmit motion information. Motion compensation is performed using a block matching approach though the algorithm to compute motion vectors is not given in the MPEG standard. Usually, an exhaustive search around the macroblock position is used. This solution (proposed in the test model) gives the lowest error but has the highest complexity. In this work we propose an algorithm that reduces the complexity of the block matching procedure while achieving comparable performance with the exhaustive search. The proposed solution is particularly attractive for the spatially scalable version of the coder when both a full resolution and a spatially downsampled sequence are transmitted. The algorithm uses a multiresolution motion compensation scheme. Exhaustive search block matching is performed in the downsampled sequence and the vector field computed is used as an estimate of the motion vectors for the full resolution sequence. Thus, only a refinement needs to be computed. This allows a consistent reduction of the computation time with respect to exhaustive search at the full resolution level, while the residual error energy increases only slightly.

关键词： video signal processing

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Cluster-Based Point Cloud Attribute compression using Inter Prediction and Graph Fourier Transform 14

Cluster-Based Point Cloud Attribute Compression using Inter ...

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14th International conference on digital Image Processing, ICDIP 2022

作者： Liu, Jiaying Wang, Jin Sun, Longhua Pei, Jie Zhu, Qing Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology No. 100 Pingleyuan Chaoyang District Beijing100124 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657564

With the rapid development of 3D capture technologies, point cloud has been widely used in many emerging applications such as augmented reality, autonomous driving, and 3D printing. However, point cloud, used to represent real world objects in these applications, may contain millions of points, which results in huge data volume. Therefore, efficient compression algorithms are essential for point cloud when it comes to storage and real-time transmission issues. Specially, the attribute compression of point cloud is still challenging owing to the sparsity and irregular distribution of corresponding points in 3D space. In this paper, we present a novel point cloud attribute compression scheme based on inter-prediction of blocks and graph Laplacian transforms for attributes residual. Firstly, we divide the entire point cloud into adaptive sub-clouds via K-means based on the geometry to acquire sub-clouds, which enables efficient representation with less cost. Secondly, the sub-clouds are divided into two parts, one is the attribute means of the sub clouds, another is the attribute residual by removing the means. For the attribute means, we use inter-prediction between sub-clouds to remove the attribute redundancy, and the attribute residual is encoded after graph Fourier transforming. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is much more efficient than traditional attribute compression schemes. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Scalable MDC-Based Volumetric video Delivery for Real-Time One-to-Many WebRTC Conferencing 24

Scalable MDC-Based Volumetric Video Delivery for Real-Time O...

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15th ACM Multimedia Systems conference (ACM MMSys)

作者： De Fre, Matthias van der Hooft, Jeroen Wauters, Tim De Turck, Filip Univ Ghent Imec IDLab Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704123

The production and consumption of video content has become a staple in the current day and age. With the rise of virtual reality (VR), users are now looking for immersive, interactive experiences which combine the classic video applications, such as conferencing or digital concerts, with newer technologies. By going beyond 2D video into a 360 degree experience the first step was made. However, a 360 degree video offers only rotational movement, making interaction with the environment difficult. Fully immersive 3D content formats, such as light fields and volumetric video, aspire to go further by enabling six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF), allowing both rotational and positional freedom. Nevertheless, the adoption of immersive video capturing and rendering methods has been hindered by their substantial bandwidth and computational requirements, rendering them in most cases impractical for low latency applications. Several efforts have been made to alleviate these problems by introducing specialized compression algorithms and by utilizing existing 2D adaptation methods to adapt the quality based on the user's available bandwidth. However, even though these methods improve the quality of experience (QoE) and bandwidth limitations, they still suffer from high latency which makes real-time interaction unfeasible. To address this issue, we present a novel, open source [32], one-to-many streaming architecture using point cloud-based volumetric video. To reduce the bandwidth requirements, we utilize the Draco codec to compress the point clouds before they are transmitted using WebRTC which ensures low latency, enabling the streaming of real-time 6DoF interactive volumetric video. Content is adapted by employing a multiple description coding (MDC) strategy which combines sampled point cloud descriptions based on the estimated bandwidth returned by the Google congestion control (GCC) algorithm. MDC encoding scales more easily to a larger number of users compared to performing indi

关键词： Volumetric video Adaptive Streaming WebRTC Virtual Conferencing Multiple Description Coding Virtual Reality

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Overview of MPEG Internet video Coding 38

Overview of MPEG Internet Video Coding

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conference on Applications of digital Image Processing XXXVIII

作者： Wang, R. G. Li, G. Park, S. Kim, J. Huang, T. Jang, E. S. Gao, W. Peking Univ Shenzhen Grad Sch Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Hangyang Univ Seoul South Korea Korea Aerosp Univ Goyang Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417654

MPEG has produced standards that have provided the industry with the best video compression technologies. In order to address the diversified needs of the Internet, MPEG issued the Call for Proposals (CfP) for internet video coding in July, 2011. It is anticipated that any patent declaration associated with the Baseline Profile of this standard will indicate that the patent owner is prepared to grant a free of charge license to an unrestricted number of applicants on a worldwide, non-discriminatory basis and under other reasonable terms and conditions to make, use, and sell implementations of the Baseline Profile of this standard in accordance with the ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC Common Patent Policy. Three different codecs had responded to the CfP, which are WVC, VCB and IVC. WVC was proposed jointly by Apple, Cisco, Fraunhofer HHI, Magnum Semiconductor, Polycom and RIM etc. it's in fact AVC baseline. VCB was proposed by Google, and it's in fact VP8. IVC was proposed by several Universities (Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Hanyang University and Korea Aerospace University etc.) and its coding tools was developed from Zero. In this paper, we give an overview of the coding tools in IVC, and evaluate its performance by comparing it with WVC, VCB and AVC High Profile.

关键词： video coding Internet AVC IVC VCB WVC

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Cubic spline approximation of rate and distortion functions for MPEG video

Cubic spline approximation of rate and distortion functions ...

引用

digital video compression: algorithms and technologies 1996

作者： Lin, Liang-Jin Ortega, Antonio Kuo, C.-C.J. Univ. of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819420425

The rate control algorithm plays an important role for improving and stabilizing the playback quality for video coded with the MPEG standard. Several optimal control techniques have been proposed to aim at the best possible quality for a given channel rate and buffer size. Some of these approaches are complex in that they require the rate and distortion characteristics of the input data to be measured. This motivates us to pursue a method for approximating the rate and distortion functions to reduce the computations. Previous work has been based to a large extent on modeling the distortion as negative exponential functions of the rate. This type of model ignores many factors in a real MPEG encoding process and is not general enough for all video sources. In this paper, we use piece-wise polynomials to approximate the frame-level rate and distortion. The frame dependency between the predictive frame and its reference frames is also considered in our model. Compared to other models, our method is relatively more complex but gives more accurate results. We observe low average relative model errors, which indicates that the model is accurate for most of the quantization settings. We use the model within our gradient-based rate control algorithm and show how using the model one can closely approximate the solution obtained using the actual data. Finally, we apply a simplified version of the model to a new fast algorithm derived from the MPEG Test Model 5, and demonstrate that both the quality (in terms of PSNR) and stability of the quality can be improved.

关键词： video signal processing

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A Histogram Shifting based RDH Scheme for H.264/AVC with Controllable Drift

A Histogram Shifting based RDH Scheme for H.264/AVC with Con...

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conference on Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics

作者： Shahid, Zafar Puech, William Univ Montpellier 2 UMR CNRS 5506 Lab LIRMM F-34392 Montpellier 05 France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819494382

This paper presents an efficient method for high payload reversible data-hiding in H.264/AVC intra bitstream with a minimal drift, which is controllable and proportional to the payload. In contrast to previously presented open-loop reversible data hiding techniques for H.264/AVC bitstream, which mainly perform drift-compensation, we propose a new reversible data hiding technique for H.264/AVC intra bitstream which avoids drift. The major design goals of this novel H.264/AVC reversible data hiding algorithm have been runtime-efficiency, high perceptual quality with a minimal effect on bit-rate. The data is efficiently embedded in the compressed domain in an open-loop fashion, i.e., all prediction results are reused. Nevertheless intra-drift is avoided, as only specific solution patterns are added, which are solutions of a system of linear equations that guarantee the preservation of the block's edge pixel values.

关键词： Data hiding video Visualization video compression Distortion Computer programming Chemical elements Reconstruction algorithms digital watermarking Quantization

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Autonomous vision networking miniature wireless sensor networks with imaging technology

Autonomous vision networking miniature wireless sensor netwo...

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conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks III

作者： Messinger, Gioia Goldberg, Giora Avaak Inc 5405 Morehouse DrSuite 245 San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819464927

The recent emergence of integrated PicoRadio technology, the rise of low power, low cost, System-On-Chip (SOC) CMOS imagers, coupled with the fast evolution of networking protocols and digital signal processing (DSP), created a unique opportunity to achieve the goal of deploying large-scale, low cost, intelligent, ultra-low power distributed wireless sensor networks for the visualization of the environment. Of all sensors, vision is the most desired, but its applications in distributed sensor networks have been elusive so far. Not any more. The practicality and viability of ultra-low power vision networking has been proven and its applications are countless, from security, and chemical analysis to industrial monitoring, asset tracking and visual recognition, vision networking represents a truly disruptive technology applicable to many industries. The presentation discusses some of the critical components and technologies necessary to make these networks and products affordable and ubiquitous-specifically PicoRadios, CMOS imagers, imaging DSP, networking and overall wireless sensor network (WSN) system concepts. The paradigm shift, from large, centralized and expensive sensor platforms, to small, low cost, distributed, sensor networks, is possible due to the emergence and convergence of a few innovative technologies. Avaak has developed a vision network that is aided by other sensors such as motion, acoustic and magnetic, and plans to deploy it for use in military and commercial applications. In comparison to other sensors, imagers produce large data files that require pre-processing and a certain level of compression before these are transmitted to a network server, in order to minimize the load on the network. Some of the most innovative chemical detectors currently in development are based on sensors that change color or pattern in the presence of the desired analytes. These changes are easily recorded and analyzed by a CMOS imager and an on-board DSP processor. I

关键词： Sensors Sensor networks Imaging systems Image processing digital signal processing video video surveillance Image sensors Silicon Image compression

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compression of multispectral fluorescence microscopic images based on a modified set partitioning in hierarchal trees

Compression of multispectral fluorescence microscopic images...

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conference on Image Processing - algorithms and Systems VII

作者： Mansoor, Awais Robinson, J. Paul Rajwa, Bartek Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn 465 Northwestern Ave W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Bindley Biosci Ctr W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819474957

Modern automated microscopic imaging techniques such as high-content screening (HCS), high-throughput screening, 4D imaging, and multispectral imaging are capable of producing hundreds to thousands of images per experiment. For quick retrieval, fast transmission, and storage economy, these images should be saved in a compressed format. A considerable number of techniques based on interband and intraband redundancies of multispectral images have been proposed in the literature for the compression of multispectral and 3D temporal data. However, these works have been carried out mostly in the fields of remote sensing and video processing. compression for multispectral optical microscopy imaging, with its own set of specialized requirements, has remained under-investigated. digital photography-oriented 2D compression techniques like JPEG (ISO/IEC IS 10918-1) and JPEG2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-1) are generally adopted for multispectral images which optimize visual quality but do not necessarily preserve the intergrity of scientific data, not to mention the suboptimal performance of 2D compression techniques in compressing 3D images. Herein we report our work on a new low bit-rate wavelet-based compression scheme for multispectral fluorescence biological imaging. The sparsity of significant coefficients in high-frequency subbands of multispectral microscopic images is found to be much greater than in natural images;therefore a qaud-tree concept such as Said et al.'s SPIHT1 along with correlation of insignificant wavelet coefficients has been proposed to further exploit redundancy at high-frequency subbands. Out work propose a 2D extension to SPIHT, incorporating a new hierarchal inter- and intra-spectral relationship amongst the coefficients of 3D wavelet-decomposed image. The new relationship, apart from adopting the parent-child relationship of classical SPIHT, also brought forth the conditional "sibling" relationship by relating only the insignificant wavelet coefficients of

关键词： 3D SPINT fluorescence multispectral imaging optical microscopy

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