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检索条件"任意字段=Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing"

共 4330 条记录，以下是4181-4190 订阅

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Global execution time minimization by allocating tasks in parallel systems

Global execution time minimization by allocating tasks in pa...

引用

euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing

作者： M. Coli P. Palazzari Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica Universitá La Sapienza Romania

We have studied the allocation of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) into a given parallel machine (PM); this is an NP-complete problem. Previous papers presented allocation algorithms all making many rough simplifications so that the achieved allocations are too far from the optimum and do not minimize the actual execution time of the program. We analyzed the impact of the precedence relations on the execution time of DAG into PM issuing a new cost function (f/sub PR/) which takes into account both the PM topology and the precedence relations. f/sub PR/ is minimized through a genetic algorithm and, in order to speed up its convergence, we developed a heuristic criterion, based on the critical path idea, for the choice of the starting population. The best results achievable using our cost function have been illustrated by comparing the actual execution times of the allocation given by the minimization of f/sub PR/ with the ones obtained using the allocations given by the minimization of two cost functions described in literature.< >

关键词： Cost function Genetic algorithms parallel machines NP-complete problem Convergence network topology Minimization methods Algorithm design and analysis parallel processing Bandwidth

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Multithreading with the EM-4 distributed-memory multiprocessor

Multithreading with the EM-4 distributed-memory multiprocess...

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Proceedings of the conference on parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques

作者： Sohn, Andrew Kim, Chinhyun Sato, Mitsuhisa New Jersey Inst of Technology Newark United States

In order to achieve good scalability, most large-scale parallel machines are based on physically distributed-memory architectures. While such architectures may provide easy machine scalability, performance scallability is another matter. Because memory is distributed across the network, a remote memory access incurs large latency that negatively affects performance. In order to improve performance, a standard approach is to tailor the data and workload distribution of a problem to fit specific architectures. We believe such an approach is not desirable because it goes against the idea of general-purpose parallel computing. This report presents our experience in multithreaded execution model. The objective of this execution model is latency tolerance which aims to make performance less sensitive to data partitioning strategies. Specifically, we investigate (1) the effects of threading on workload distribution, (2) the effects of threading on data distribution, and (3) thread granularity on performance. We use the 80-processor EM-4 multithreaded multiprocessor as the target machine. Matrix multiplication is selected as the model problem with three different implementations: element-wise method, row-column-major blocked method, and m × m submatrix blocked method. Execution results demonstrate that multithreading with the simple-minded data distribution and workload distribution strategies can yield at least 60% of the performance of the highly tailored best performing implementation. This is a promising result in view of the type of problem selected for comparison and the number of improvements that can be implemented into the EM-4 machine.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Automatic parallelization of object-oriented programming languages using tuple space 95

Automatic parallelization of object-oriented programming lan...

引用

Proceedings of the 1995 ACM Computer Science conference

作者： Bryant, Barrett R. Chang, Daniel T. Muthukrishnan, Prakash K. Vaidyanathan, Viswanathan Univ of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917377

Techniques and tools are presented for automatically generating parallelizing compilers for object-oriented programming languages from denotational semantics specifications. The denotational semantics of object-oriented programming languages are used to derive the control and data dependencies that exist within programs and this information may then be used to produce parallel object code in a compiler. Using formal semantics has the potential for exposing more concurrency in programs than can be detected by non-semantics-based methods. Furthermore, since compilers may be automatically generated from denotational semantics specifications, the implementation of these parallelization techniques will be automatic and hence language independent. Our work concentrates on the object-oriented programming language model since this model provides very natural concurrency in its semantics. To test our theories, we have developed a denotational semantics of the CORAL object-oriented programming language, and produce a parallelizing compiler for this source language which generates parallel code in the form of tuple space primitives running on a distributed network of processors. The result is a language implementation which realizes fully transparent parallel object-oriented programming.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Intelligent fuzzy control to augment scheduling capabilities of network queuing systems

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Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for parallel processing held as a prelude to the IPPS 1995 conference

作者： Kipersztok, Oscar Patterson, James C. Research and Technology Boeing Computer Services United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540601538

Modern cost-effective computing in industry is heavily dependent on the ability of engineering management to replace older (more expensive) mainframes with the use of idle (less expensive) resources that are a part of the engineers normal work environment. With this shift in paradigm comes a need to duplicate many of the job management facilities that are normally associated with central mainframes. One example of this comes in the form of job scheduling. In particular, if engineers are to rely on clusters of workstations as a replacement to a mainframe for most of their routine work, then reliable job scheduling that ensures fault tolerance, interoperability of systems software, and load balancing is a necessary requirement. At present, most job scheduling software, that is available for the cluster environment, does not have the ability to schedule a job on a cluster based on network load. This work is an attempt at addressing some of the fundamental issues regarding network load balancing so that deployment requirements for network job scheduling of parallel and distributed computing applications can better be understood. In this paper, a control system (via Fuzzy Logic) is described that prioritizes the allocation of parallel jobs to, and their suspension from, a cluster of networked workstations. The algorithm presented here augments the scheduling capabilities of existing network queuing systems by including, in addition to the available number of machines, network load as a cluster resource and an application's communication requirements as a resource specification in the ranking decisions. It will be demonstrated that the resulting fuzzy controller of this paper can be used as an easily extensible, inexpensive, modular interface to network queuing systems for the scheduling of parallel and sequential jobs. © 1995, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scheduling

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Noise effect on the miss distance of a closed-loop neural network-based radar homing missile for a tail-chase engagement 2

Noise effect on the miss distance of a closed-loop neural ne...

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3rd conference on Space Guidance, Control, and Tracking, at the SPIE International Symposium on Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Control and Dual-Use Photonics

作者： SADATI, SH AMOOZEGAR, F NOTASH, A UNIV ARIZONA DEPT AEROSP ENGNTUCSONAZ 85721

ISBN: (纸本)0819418196

In recent years, parallel distributed processing has provided a new paradigm for algorithms, such as in missile guidance, which requires a high degree of computational efficiency as well as reliability and smaller size hardware. A problem of particular interest to the guidance literature is the closed-loop optical solutions that can be achieved on-board the missile. Furthermore, a desirable guidance scheme should be robust to low signal-to-noise conditions that generally arise in long-range applications. In this paper we shall present a neural network- based guidance scheme which provides a real-time optimal control on-board the missile with the inclusion of noise in the LOS angular rate data. The neural network is trained in an off-line session using optimal solutions obtained from an optimal control software resulting in a real- time closed-loop guidance method. The performance of the proposed scheme is then evaluated for different levels of SNR of the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) angular rate in a tail-chase engagement. In doing so, similar tests were conducted for the currently used closed-loop proportional navigation method and the potentially available technique of iterative optimal open-loop control with and without the presence of noise in the LOS angular rate. Although we did not include the noise in the missile/target dynamical model, the results indicate that the neural network-based scheme shows more robustness to low signal-to-noise situations as compared with traditional proportional navigation methods. This superiority is due, among other things, to the elimination of some of the restrictive, and in many cases unrealistic assumptions made in the derivation of most current guidance laws in use such as, for instance, unbounded control, simplified dynamics and/or aerodynamics, and non-maneuvering targets, to name a few.

关键词： CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL OPTIMAL CONTROL GUIDANCE PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION

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parallel image matching on a distributed system

Parallel image matching on a distributed system

引用

IEEE International conference on Algorithms and Architectures for parallel processing (ICAP)

作者： J. You W.P. Zhu E. Pissaloux H.A. Cohen School of Computer and Information Science University of South Australia SA Australia Sch. of Comput. & Inf. Sci Univ. of South Australia The Levels SA Australia Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia

Image matching based on image feature pixels involves heavily iterated computation and repeated memory access. In our previous work the detection of interesting points has been reported as an efficient pre-processing step to extract binary images for further matching in terms of certain distance measurement. This paper presents our extension to a parallel implementation of the matching scheme for object recognition on a low cost heterogeneous PVM (parallel Virtual Machine) network. While most of the sequential execution time is spent on image feature extraction, distance transform and matching measurement, our investigation shows that a distributed memory multicomputer can best meet the high computational and memory access demands in image processing. The performance is evaluated in terms of execution time. We conclude that parallel image processing con be implemented on a general distributed system to achieve the speedup without specific hardware requirement.< >

关键词： Image matching Image processing Pixel Distance measurement Object recognition Costs Virtual machining Feature extraction Time measurement distributed computing

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A case study for the implementation of a stochastic bit stream neuron;the choice between electrical and optical interconnects

A case study for the implementation of a stochastic bit stre...

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International conference on Massively parallel processing Using Optical Interconnections

作者： M.A. Hands W. Peiffer H. Thienpont A. Kirk T.J. Hall Laboraotory for Photonic Computing and Perception Department of Applied Physics TW-TONA Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering King's College University of London London UK

A neural network architecture is described which uses stochastic processing techniques to perform the weighted input multiplication, summation and thresholding processes of a neuron using the optimal amount of hardware. It is argued that the advantage of this approach is that it will allow large neural networks to be fabricated with relatively small amounts of hardware. The architecture allows a choice to be made between the speed and accuracy of processing, as well as a choice of hardware. Implementations of a bit stream neuron using electronic, optoelectronic and optical hardware are developed and their capabilities are compared based on speed of processing and network size. The aim of the study is to investigate the capabilities of optical logic in distributed processing systems, together with the use of the optical thyristor as logic elements. It is shown that optical processing and optical interconnection allows a simplification of the processing sequence and allows the parallelism of distributed systems to be utilised.

关键词： Stochastic processes Optical interconnections Neural network hardware Neural networks Neurons Logic Optical computing Optical fiber networks distributed processing Thyristors

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A rigorous method for the constructive design of parallel and distributed programs

A rigorous method for the constructive design of parallel an...

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Annual Hawaii International conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： G.R.R. Justo Centre for Parallel Computing University of Westminster London UK

parallel and distributed systems engineers are always looking for a way to speed-up their programs. They sometimes forget that well-structured programs are more flexible, and therefore easier to modify or restructure in order to improve performance or to map onto a particular architecture. This paper illustrates a systematic way of designing well-structured parallel and distributed programs. The method is based on SASD, one of the most popular methods for the analysis and design of sequential systems, and CSP, a formalism for specifying the behaviour of communicating systems. The influence of SASD is evident in the way diagrams are used during the various phases of the development. CSP allows us to formally verify and transform the programs. The main feature of our method is the ability to reuse behavioural specifications, the way the components synchronise and communicate, and provide rules to verify and transform the design structure.< >

关键词： parallel processing Electronic mail Systems engineering and theory Software engineering Costs network topology Workstations Load management Hardware Design methodology

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Computer based diagnosis using artificial neural networks

Computer based diagnosis using artificial neural networks

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An International Meeting on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,and conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society of India

作者： R. Vijayakumar R. Mohanakumar D. Harishankar NSS College of Engineering Palakkad Kerala India Benaiger Hospital Kollam Kerala India College of Engineering Trivandrum Kerala India

We describe a package using parallel and distributed processing elements. This package called MICINE is based on the ARTi-Artificial Neural network proposed by Carpenter and Grossberg of MIT, USA. It is quite tedious to go through and ascertain the exact disease by giving simply some symptoms. Here we have tried to design a package which will be more efficient than a well experienced Doctor. This system takes in a set of the symptoms from the patient and tries to get the best matching disease for the symptom-set. Then it gives the proper prescription for the medicines. We have implemented the package using an alternative computational paradigm which is inherently parallel and distributed. This system when converted to a fully automatic system can give treatments to any patients without the help of human beings. Thus it can reduce human errors.

关键词： Computer networks Artificial neural networks Packaging Diseases Humans distributed processing Medical diagnostic imaging Concurrent computing distributed computing Medical treatment

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An efficient communication scheme for distributed parallel processor systems

An efficient communication scheme for distributed parallel p...

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International conference on Massively parallel processing Using Optical Interconnections

作者： P. Kohler A. Gunzinger Electronics Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland

These days, the bandwidth and latency of interprocessor networks is the most limiting factor in reaching good speedup values on multiprocessor computers. There is, however, still potential for making better use of the available bandwidth. In this paper, we present a communication scheme which supports the data-parallel programming model and which can be totally implemented in hardware. This allows us to discard the usual software layer between application programs and the network interface, leading to an efficient bandwidth usage. The scheme could be roughly described as "ordered multicast". Two different bus based multiprocessor systems using this scheme have been built. In order to overcome the limitation of these single board systems, the communication scheme has been adapted to a ring network. A prototype of this network was implemented and is operational at 100 MBit/s using standard optical transmitters and receivers.

关键词： Bandwidth Delay Computer networks Hardware Application software network interfaces Multiprocessing systems Prototypes Optical transmitters Optical receivers

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