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An Online Learning Approach for Client Selection in Federated Edge Learning under Budget Constraint 51

An Online Learning Approach for Client Selection in Federate...

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51st International conference on parallel processing (ICPP)

作者： Su, Lina Zhou, Ruiting Wang, Ne Fang, Guang Li, Zongpeng Wuhan Univ Sch Comp Sci Wuhan Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Wuhan Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Insititue Network Sci & Cyberspace Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397339

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm that enables distributed mobile devices to learn a global model collaboratively. Since mobile devices (a.k.a, clients) exhibit diversity in model training quality, client selection (CS) becomes critical for efficient FL. CS faces the following challenges: First, the client's availability, the training data volumes, and the network connection status are time-varying and cannot be easily predicted. Second, clients for training and the number of local iterations would seriously affect the model accuracy. Thus, selecting a subset of available clients and controlling local iterations should guarantee model quality. Third, renting clients for model training needs cost. It is necessary to dynamically administrate the use of the long-term budget without knowledge of future inputs. To this end, we propose a federated edge learning (FedL) framework, which can select appropriate clients and control the number of training iterations in real-time. FedL aims to reduce the completion time while reaching the desired model convergence and satisfying the long-term budget for renting clients. FedL consists of two algorithms: i) the online learning algorithm makes CS and iteration decisions according to historic learning results;ii) the online rounding algorithm translates fractional decisions derived by the online learning algorithm into integers to satisfy feasibility constraints. Rigorous mathematical proof reveals that dynamic regret and dynamic fit have sub-linear upper-bounds with time for a given budget. Extensive experiments based on realistic datasets suggest that FedL outperforms multiple state-of-the-art algorithms. In particular, FedL reduces at least 38% completion time compared with others.

关键词： federated learning online learning client selection budget

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Proceedings - 2022 23rd ACIS International Summer Virtual conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, networking and parallel/distributed Computing, SNPD-Summer 2022

Proceedings - 2022 23rd ACIS International Summer Virtual Co...

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23rd ACIS International Summer Virtual conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, networking and parallel/distributed Computing, SNPD-Summer 2022

ISBN: (纸本)9798350396379

The proceedings contain 27 papers. The topics discussed include: Tetris: automatic UAF exploit generation by manipulating layout based on reactivated paths;artificial neural network for processing fingerprint image noise;facial expression intensity estimation considering change characteristic of facial feature values for each facial expression;developing a gamification method based on motivation subscales for lifelogging applications;preliminary study of reasoning existing projects' descriptions based on classname word elements;construction and evaluation of a speech emotion classifier using LSTM;concurrency control program generation in genetic programming considering depth of the program tree;reconfiguration cost for reconfigurable computing architectures;and parallel binary search tree construction inspired by thread-level speculation.

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BEW-YOLO: An Improved Method for PCB Defect Detection based on YOLOv7 29

BEW-YOLO: An Improved Method for PCB Defect Detection Based ...

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29th IEEE International conference on parallel and distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Li, Zhiyao Li, Aimin Zhang, Yuechen Kong, Xiaotong Li, Wenqiang Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

The PCB defect object size is small and the detection process is susceptible to background interference, usually have the problem of missed and false detection. In order to solve the above problems, an improved method based on YOLOv7 is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the bi-level routing attention (BRA) has been added to the header of the original YOLOv7 model to capture global dependencies and ensure the accuracy of small object detection and localization. Secondly, the explicit visual center (EVC) block is introduced before the fusion of mid-level features and high-level features to capture the global remote dependencies of top-level features, extract the features in local corner regions, achieve a comprehensive feature representation. Finally, the loss function is improved by changing the loss function of the original model to Wise-IoU, which allows our model to focus more on ordinary-quality anchor boxes and improve the performance of the detector while decreasing the competitiveness of anchor boxes for high-quality samples and reducing the influence of low-quality samples on the detection results. The experimental results show that the improved model improves 5% in AP and 1.9% in both AR and mAP over the original YOLOv7 model. Meanwhile, comparison experiments are conducted on the data-enhanced PCB dataset, which proves the superiority of our model over other state-of-the-art models. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： attention mechanism defect detection PCB YOLOv7

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DarkTrans: A Blockchain-based Covert Communication Scheme with High Channel Capacity and Strong Concealment 29

DarkTrans: A Blockchain-based Covert Communication Scheme wi...

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29th IEEE International conference on parallel and distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Xu, Yuwei Wu, Zehui Cao, Jie Xu, Jingdong Cheng, Guang Southeast University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security Nanjing China Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Application Supervision and Management Nanjing China Nankai University College of Computer Science Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

Covert communication technology serves as a crucial tool for safeguarding not only the content of communication but also the identities of the parties involved. In this regard, blockchain emerges as a promising solution due to its decentralized nature, flood propagation of data, and inherent anonymity features. This makes blockchain an ideal candidate for covert communication channels, effectively addressing the weaknesses associated with traditional covert communication methods susceptible to detection, tracing, and interruption. However, the current efforts encounter obstacles like limited practicality, constrained channel capacity, and insufficient concealment capabilities, impeding their broad adoption in real-world scenarios. To address these issues, we propose DarkTrans, a blockchain-based covert communication scheme consisting of an address binary tree and a novel embedding mechanism. The address binary tree as a dynamic label method enables rapid recognition of specific transactions by the recipient, rendering detection by third parties challenging. The embedding mechanism encodes secret messages into transaction values for transmission to augment channel capacity, which can be practically realized within an Ethereum private blockchain. Our experiments with three aspects demonstrate that, compared with the existing scheme, DarkTrans achieves a low embedding time and a high channel capacity. Additionally, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and sample entropy analysis are conducted to validate the robust concealment of this scheme. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： blockchain capacity concealment covert communication dynamic label

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A High-Performance Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Scheme based on BERT 29

A High-Performance Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Sc...

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29th IEEE International conference on parallel and distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Zeng, Shengqiang Chen, Ruhuang Zhang, Hongwei Wang, Jinsong Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

With the emergence of technologies like web3.0, smart contracts have witnessed a flourishing development trend. However, the threat posed by contract vulnerabilities hinders the progress in this field. Traditional vulnerability detection tools have lost their effectiveness due to the unique code and function characteristics of smart contracts. Consequently, a novel approach utilizing deep learning for intelligent contract vulnerability detection has emerged. Nevertheless, the current solutions still face bottlenecks in terms of accuracy and efficiency, primarily due to the scarcity of labeled vulnerability samples. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an efficient intelligent contract vulnerability detection approach called SCVulBERT, based on Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT). The proposed approach leverages transfer learning and utilizes rich prior knowledge for training to ensure the model's effectiveness in a scarce supervised sample environment. Furthermore, to enhance tokenization efficiency, a specialized tokenizer called SCVulTokenizer is designed to transform contract code into parameters recognizable by neural networks. The proposed approach utilizes the BERT network architecture to extract more precise and efficient features from the context, thereby achieving accurate and efficient vulnerability detection. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing solutions in the context of scarce supervised samples, exhibiting significant improvements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Specifically, regarding vulnerability detection for reentrancy, timestamp, and delegate call, the F1-scores achieved by the proposed approach show respective improvements of 13.71%, 13.14%, and 7.7% compared to the state-of-the-art solutions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： BERT blockchain smart contract transfer learning vulnerability detection

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A Multi-holder Role and Strange Attractor-based Data Possession Proof in Medical Clouds 24th

A Multi-holder Role and Strange Attractor-Based Data Possess...

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24th International conference on Algorithms and Architectures for parallel processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Guo, Jinyuan Sun, Lijuan Wu, Jingchen Chu, Chiawei Gao, Yutong Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service Ministry of Education Beijing China School of Cybersecurity Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Key Laboratory of Ethnic Language Intelligent Analysis and Security Governance Ministry of Education Minzu University Beijing China Intellectual Property Information Service Center BHU Beihang University Beijing China City University of Macau Taipa China Li’an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone Hainan International College of Minzu University of China Hainan Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615278

Proof of Data Possession is a technique for ensuring the integrity of data stored in cloud storage. However, most audit schemes assume only one role for data owners, which is not suitable for complex Smart Healthcare network with multiple roles. In such schemes addressing the risk of third-party auditors (TPA) colluding with other entities, blockchain is typically employed. However, this necessitates extensive computation, resulting in unacceptably high energy consumption and prolonged verification times. In this paper, we propose a Proof of Data Possession scheme tailored for medical network environments, which incorporates protocols designed for both healthcare professionals and patients, considering the diverse roles that generate data within medical network applications and the varying performance of the devices they use. During the generation of metadata for verification, the protocol incorporates the varying security risk levels associated with medical data. For subsequent metadata selection, an audit block extraction strategy based on strange attractors is employed, effectively mitigating the risk of collusion by third-party TPA, thereby enhancing the security and efficiency of the scheme. Additionally, we conducted experimental analysis and comparisons, demonstrating higher security and practical applicability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data integrity

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Research and optimization of intra-node communication operator performance based on domestic heterogeneous platforms 3

Research and optimization of intra-node communication operat...

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3rd International conference on Electronic Information Engineering, Big Data, and Computer Technology, EIBDCT 2024

作者： Ming, Zhe Ding, Guangyu Han, Mengzhi Zhengzhou University No.100 Science Road Henan Zhengzhou China Co. Ltd No.36 Zhongguancun Software Park No.8 Dongbeiwang West Road Haidian District Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510680449

With the increasing demand for computing power in machine learning tasks, the training of deep neural network models has been pushed to multi-GPU training or even larger scale distributed training. However, the acceleration effect and scalability of model training are largely limited by the communication efficiency between GPUs. In order to improve the communication efficiency of domestic GPU accelerator, this paper studies and analyzes the communication performance of Allreduce operator widely used in deep learning tasks. based on a data compression algorithm and multi-stream parallel technology, this paper ports and optimizes the Allreduce operator on domestic heterogeneous platform. The experimental data results show that compared with RCCL, the ported optimized version of Allreduce operator achieves different degrees of performance improvement such as 30% to 90% under different data sizes. This paper implements the transplantation and optimization of Allreduce operator on the domestic accelerated heterogeneous platform, and achieves good acceleration results, which provides support for the efficient communication of domestic GPU accelerators and the ecological construction of domestic heterogeneous platforms © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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Simulation Model for Controlling the processing of Information Packets by a NoC Router 7

Simulation Model for Controlling the Processing of Informati...

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7th International conference on Information, Control, and Communication Technologies, ICCT 2023

作者： Kutuzov, Denis Osovsky, Alexey Starov, Dmitriy Maltseva, Nataliya Esaulenko, Vladimir Astrakhan State Technical Universitet Dept. of Communication Astrakhan Russia Astrakhan State Technical Universitet Dept. of Automated Information Processing and Control Systems Astrakhan Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340945

This article describes the challenges of modeling switch fabric traffic that is part of NoC routers. Simulation is often used to validate a NoC design and identify potential performance bottlenecks before implementing hardware. Due to the distributed and complex network topology of routers, arbitration and routing algorithms, etc., timing, buffer queuing, and hence infrastructure performance are difficult to predict. network traffic also generates application traffic in data processing nodes. When processing NoC traffic, the activity of IP cores is unstable and does not have stationarity, so it is very important to find traffic control mechanisms. Often, well-known models built on the basis of queuing theory do not always correctly reflect the connection request processing logic, do not take into account deadlocks and other features of the system functioning. An approach that can more accurately take into account the nuances of the switch is to build an agent-based model. To create it, we used the Mesa framework implemented in the Python programming language. The switch has small built-in buffers - one for each input. The model used a switch with 5 inputs and 5 outputs. The idea behind switch traffic management is to count how often there are transacts in the internal buffers that are directed to one exit. If they occur frequently enough, then the information flow is split and two or more outputs are given the same identifier to service such transacts in parallel. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： network-on-chip

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Simulating Cyber Attacks and Designing Malware using Python 10

Simulating Cyber Attacks and Designing Malware using Python

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10th International conference on Signal processing and Integrated networks, SPIN 2023

作者： Ankit, Akash Inder, Shubham Sharma, Anuj Johari, Rahul Vidyarthi, Deo Prakash University School of Information Communication and Technology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University SWINGER: Security Wireless IoT Network Group of Engineering and Research Dwarka New Delhi110078 India MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Jawaharlal Nehru University Parallel and Distributed System Lab School of Computer and Systems Sciences New Delhi110067 India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665490993

In this Internet era, we have become heavily dependent on the World Wide Web and it has become a basic amenity for humans. A normal user can be trapped easily in this vicious web if not careful enough. It is a field that requires users to be on their toes every time they try to connect to this enormous interconnection of networks. Reports and Surveys have said that in the coming years, Cybercrime could become the biggest threat. In this proposed work, the authors have deployed applications and designed malware for the purpose of simulating various kinds of cyber-attacks so that they could study their effects & affects and ultimately devise solutions to resolve the vulnerabilities in a system. These applications included networking concepts & protocols and a software based keylogger which was developed with no malicious intent, but to analyse the architectural view or design of a malware and to study the stages of a malware attack like entry, distribution, exploitation, infection and execution. Efforts have been made to demonstrate spooting attacks with an idea of identifying vulnerabilities and security loopholes in a particular system that can be exploited by an attacker if not resolved within time. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： network security

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S-chain: A Shard-based Blockchain Scheme for Cross-chain Supervision 29

S-chain: A Shard-based Blockchain Scheme for Cross-chain Sup...

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29th IEEE International conference on parallel and distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Xu, Yuwei Song, Yuxing Zeng, Junyu He, Ran Xu, Jingdong Southeast University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing China Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security Nanjing China Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Application Supervision and Management Nanjing China Nankai University College of Computer Science Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

With the popularization of consortium blockchain, how to supervise numerous business chains has become a problem. Recently, some researchers have proposed the concept of 'governing chain by chain', which means that multiple organizations deploy a consortium blockchain to supervise many business chains in the industry. However, as the number of business chains increases, a performance bottleneck occurs on the supervision chain. Sharding is a promising direction to improve scalability, but existing studies focus on public chains. If transplanted to the supervision chain, these solutions will bring two challenges. Firstly, data from multiple business chains will cause storage conflicts and unbalanced sharding. Secondly, sharding makes it difficult for inter-shard transaction validation. Aiming at the challenges, we propose S-chain, a shard-based supervision chain scheme. The contribution of our work lies in three points. Firstly, we design a unified label-based data sharding method that can evenly map data from different business chains to all shards without conflict. Secondly, we propose a mechanism to validate general smart-contract-based inter-shard transactions. At first, we design a smart contract splitting algorithm that splits one inter-shard smart contract into multiple sub-contracts and depicts their dependencies via a Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG). Then, we design an inter-shard transaction validation method by analyzing the dependencies of all sub-contracts. Finally, we implement a prototype system of S-chain and test its performance. The results show that our S-chain outperforms the scheme without sharding on throughput and storage overhead. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain Cross-chain supervision Sharding Smart contract

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