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Multi-sensor and Information-Based Event Triggered distributed Estimation 13

Multi-Sensor and Information-Based Event Triggered Distribut...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Davar, Somayeh Mohammadi, Arash Concordia Univ CIISE Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

The paper is motivated by recent surge of interest in utilization of a large number of sensor nodes in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the critical importance of managing sensor's restricted resources. In this regard, we propose a multi-sensor and open-loop estimation algorithm with an information-based triggering mechanism. In the open-loop topology considered in this paper, each sensor transfers its measurements to the fusion centre (FC) only in occurrence of specific events (asynchronously). Events are identified using the information-based triggering mechanism without incorporation of a feedback from the FC and/or implementation of a local filter at the sensor level. We propose a multi-sensor triggering approach based on the projection of each local observation into the state-space which corresponds to the achievable gain in the sensor's information state vector. The simulation results show that the proposed multi sensor information-based triggering mechanism closely follows its full-rate estimation counterpart.

关键词： Multi-sensor systems Event-based estimation Kalman filter Information Fusion Event Triggering

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Theoretical Analysis of the Area Coverage in a UAV-based Wireless sensor Network 13

Theoretical Analysis of the Area Coverage in a UAV-based Wir...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Sun, Peng Boukerche, Azzedine Tao, Yanjie Univ Ottawa 800 King Edward Ave Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is usually deployed in a field of interest (FoI) for detecting or monitoring some special events and then forwarding the aggregated data to the designated data center through sink nodes or gateways. Traditionally, the WSN requires the intensive deployment in which the extra sensor nodes are deployed to achieve the required coverage level. Fortunately, depending on the developments of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) techniques, the UAV has been widely adopted in both military and civilian applications. Comparing with the traditional mobile sensor nodes, the UAV has much faster moving speed, longer deployment range and relatively longer serving time. Consequently, the UAV can be considered as a perfect carrier for the existing sensing equipment and used to form a UAV-based WSN (UWSN). In this paper, we theoretically analyse the coverage problem in the UWSN. Based on the integral geometry, we solve the aforementioned question. The experimental results further verifies our theoretical results.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks area coverage unmanned aerial vehicle

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MagWi: Practical Indoor Localization with Smartphone Magnetic and WiFi sensors

MagWi: Practical Indoor Localization with Smartphone Magneti...

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international conference on Parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Hao Yuan Jiankun Wang Zenghua Zhao Jiayang Cui Minglu Yan Shengen Wei College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728125848

Geomagnetic field and WiFi networks have attracted much attention in indoor localization, since they are pervasive, and their signals are easy to collect by off-the-shelf smartphones. However, there are still challenges in practice: 1) GFI (Geomagnetic Field intensity) read by magnetometer in smartphones is hard to be used directly, since it is in phone coordinate system and varies with phone attitude. On the other hand, the magnitude of GFI lacks location diversity; 2) WiFi RSS (Received Signal Strength) suffers from fluctuations due to multipath fading effect indoors. To address the above issues, we first propose Mag2D, a high quality feature of GFI. Mag2D is robust to phone attitude and has better spatial discrimination than the magnitude. We then study the complementary properties of Mag2D and RSS, and design MagWi, a practical fingerprinting indoor localization system fusing Mag2D and RSS. MagWi adjusts fusion weights of Mag2D and RSS according to their capabilities of discriminating locations. To do so, we propose LCD (Local Clustering Degree) to quantify the location-discriminating capability and build a LCD-Error model. The fusion weights are thus assigned dynamically based on the LCD-Error model during localization. We have implemented MagWi to provide location service on an Android phone in three typical indoor environments, covering a total area size over 600m2. Our experiment results show that MagWi achieves high accuracy and is easy to deploy in practice.

关键词： Indoor localization Mobile sensing sensor fusion Geomagnetic field WiFi RSS Geomagnetic field sensor fusion Really Simple Syndication RSS gene REACTOR SAFETY STUDY Smartphone Wi-Fi Telephone

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Measuring People-Flow Through Doorways using Easy-to-Install IR Array sensors 13

Measuring People-Flow Through Doorways using Easy-to-Install...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Mohammadmoradi, Hessam Munir, Sirajum Gnawali, Omprakash Shelton, Charles Univ Houston Dept Comp Sci Houston TX 77204 USA Bosch Res & Technol Ctr Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

People counting has many applications in smart buildings. For example, adjusting HVAC systems based on the number of occupants in each room can save a significant amount of energy. In addition, security and safety of the building can be managed by determining the number and location of occupants. Different technologies and sensing platforms have proposed for accurate and efficient people counting. However, these solutions are expensive, hard to deploy, or privacy invasive. We investigate the possibility of placing an 8 x 8 IR array sensor at the doorways and counting the number of people inside rooms. Our solution is real-time, inexpensive, privacy preserving with much less deployment constraints compared to its competitors. The proposed solution deals with realistic and dynamic changes in the sensing environment by leveraging a combination of Otsu's thresholding and modeling thermal noise distribution. We evaluated our solution via several controlled and uncontrolled real-world environments. The results show an average of 93% accuracy in estimating the number of occupants in rooms.

关键词： Temperature sensors sensor arrays Buildings Privacy Temperature Estimation Cameras

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Multi-sensor Information Fusion and Machine Learning for High Accuracy Rate of Mechanical Pedometer in Human Activity Recognition

Multi-Sensor Information Fusion and Machine Learning for Hig...

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ieee international conference on Big Data and Cloud computing (BdCloud)

作者： Michael Adjeisah Guohua Liu Douglas Omwenga Nyabuga Richard Nuetey Nortey School of Information Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9781728143286

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143293

Many Human Activity Recognition (HAR) research works have been engineered, however, only a few studies combine Kinect and the smartphone. Also, most findings are geared towards wearable sensors, which however may develop wearer discomfort, predominantly for nonstop action applications where one may perhaps have to wear for a lengthy period. Additionally, while the novelties of these researches are encouraging, accuracy is subject to fluctuation over time. To address these concerns, this paper reports the fusion of sensor data to determine a robust accuracy. The system uses Microsoft Kinect sensor (MKS) to detect angle change in the hip-knee-ankle and a gravitational accelerometer of a smartphone for step tracking while engaging users. In our study, three methods are compared: 1) Manually counted steps, 2) raw data from our algorithm and 3) implementation of parameterized classification algorithm classifiers, k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) to improve the step counts. Best-first search hierarchy containing the maximum distance of the kNN algorithm is engaged. Varying k, an accuracy rate of 96.44% is achieved with σ = 0.040.

关键词： Skeleton Robot sensing systems Accelerometers Classification algorithms Feature extraction Data acquisition Machine learning

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Opportunistic Routing in Underwater sensor Networks: Potentials, Challenges and Guidelines 13

Opportunistic Routing in Underwater Sensor Networks: Potenti...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Coutinho, Rodolfo W. L. Boukerche, Azzedine EECS Univ Ottawa PARADISE Res Lab Ottawa ON Canada Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Comp Sci Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

Opportunistic routing (OR) has been showed efficient for the harsh and challenging scenarios of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). This routing paradigm leverages the broadcast nature of wireless communication, for improving data delivery. In contrast to traditional multi-hop routing, OR selects a subset of the neighboring nodes to be the next-hop candidate nodes, in which will participate forwarding data packets towards the destination. Hence, at each hop, a transmitted data packet is lost only if none of the next-hop candidate nodes receives it. Therefore, OR not only improves packet delivery rate, but also reduces network energy consumption since fewer retransmissions will be needed. However, the design of OR protocols for UWSNs is challenging, due to the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel. For instance, the high and variable delay, multipath propagation, low bandwidth, and high energy consumption render impractical the use of the up to date protocols developed for wireless sensor and mesh networks. In this context, this tutorial gives a comprehensive review of the potentials and challenges of opportunistic routing in underwater sensor networks. In addition, based on an in-deep literature review, this tutorial will provide important guidelines for the design of novel protocols for different scenarios of UWSNs.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Routing Wireless communication Protocols Ad hoc networks Underwater acoustics Tutorials

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Real-time localization of transmission sources using a formation of micro aerial vehicles

Real-time localization of transmission sources using a forma...

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ieee international conference on Real-time computing and Robotics (RCAR)

作者： Matouš Vrba Jakub Pogran Václav Pritzl Vojtěch Spurný Martin Saska Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Prague 6

ISBN: (数字)9781728137261

ISBN: (纸本)9781728137278

Techniques designed for using teams of small and therefore safe Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) for realization of antenna-like sensing devices with flexible shape, which may be adaptively changed based on the currently sensed properties of the scanned medium, are presented in this paper. This approach enables using simple and cheap sensors carried onboard of MAVs and cooperatively deploying them in the environment to optimize overall sensitivity of the compound sensory array. Two case studies of a deployment of MAV teams in the application of real-time radio transmitters localization are discussed as an example. The first method relies on Kalman Filter-based fusion of distributed RSSI measurements used to estimate distances between the transmitter and multiple receivers, which results in precise, robust and fast transmitters location in the environment. The second method utilizes onboard rotating directional antennas to estimate angles between transmitters and receivers at different positions and a Weighted Robust Least Squares method to determine transmitters locations. Both algorithms were verified in a realistic simulation system under Gazebo simulator in ROS and in real experiments with a fleet of MAVs, with a focus on aspects of real-time information fusion and coordination of MAVs sharing the same workspace with small mutual distances.

关键词： Radio transmitters Mathematical model Robot sensing systems Receivers Real-time systems sensor arrays

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Scheduling High-Rate Unpredictable Traffic in ieee 802.15.4 TSCH Networks 13

Scheduling High-Rate Unpredictable Traffic in IEEE 802.15.4 ...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Elsts, Atis Fafoutis, Xenofon Pope, James Oikonomou, George Piechocki, Robert Craddock, Ian Univ Bristol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Bristol Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

The upcoming Internet of Things (IoT) applications include real-time human activity monitoring with wearable sensors. Compared to the traditional environmental sensing with low-power wireless nodes, these new applications generate a constant stream of a much higher rate. Nevertheless, the wearable devices remain battery powered and therefore restricted to low-power wireless standards such as ieee 802.15.4 or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Our work tackles the problem of building a reliable autonomous schedule for forwarding this kind of dynamic data in ieee 802.15.4 TSCH networks. Due to the a priori unpredictability of these data source locations, the quality of the wireless links, and the routing topology of the forwarding network, it is wasteful to reserve the number of slots required for the worst-case scenario;under conditions of high expected datarate, it is downright impossible. The solution we propose is a hybrid approach where dedicated TSCH cells and shared TSCH slots coexist in the same schedule. We show that under realistic assumptions of wireless link diversity, adding shared slots to a TSCH schedule increases the overall packet delivery rate and the fairness of the system.

关键词： Time slotted channel hopping scheduling Internet of Things

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EdgeCEP: Fully-distributed Complex Event Processing on IoT Edges 13

EdgeCEP: Fully-distributed Complex Event Processing on IoT E...

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Choochotkaew, Sunyanan Yamaguchi, Hirozumi Higashino, Teruo Shibuya, Megumi Hasegawa, Teruyuki Osaka Univ Graduat Sch Informat Sci & Technol Osaka Japan KDDI Res Inc Fujimino Saitama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

In this paper, we propose a general complex event processing (CEP) engine aiming for accomplishing at smart IoT edge devices in a fully distributed manner. We introduce a pseudo-source mechanism to cover a wide range of processing and obsolete prerequisite of source-specification at the same time, along with a brand-new event specification language defined to support relation-based processing. Against cloud-based approaches, our behind-edge approach can prevent data overflow and privacy issues, and fully distributed processing can draw the power of the edge devices. To achieve that in a resource limited edge environment, we formulate an optimization problem of processing task assignment and stream delivery, and propose a fully-autonomous workload distribution mechanism. A large-scale simulation with a realistic smart-building scenario shows that our proposed method achieves about 6.6 times smaller flow volume and 2 times lower loss rate compared to centralization and is relatively superior to a hop-based distribution approach. Notably, a prototype engine is successfully deployed over an ad hoc wireless sensor and actuator network through Intel Edison modules in the real environment.

关键词： Engines Task analysis Wireless sensor networks Data models Cloud computing distributed databases Wireless communication

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Bipartite Grid Partitioning of a Random Geometric Graph 13

Bipartite Grid Partitioning of a Random Geometric Graph

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13th ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems (dcoss)

作者： Chen, Zizhen Matula, David W. Southern Methodist Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Dallas TX 75275 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538639917

We investigate the problem of efficient computation of a partition of a Random Geometric Graph (RGG) into a limited number of densely packed bipartite grid sub graphs. The study focuses on the collection of subgraphs each individually having similar size and structure and the union employing most (e.g. over 85%) of the vertices. The residual vertices we seek to minimize are attributed to the inherent variations in densities of the randomly placed vertices and to any shortcomings of our greedy algorithms. RGG's have been extensively employed in recent times to model the deployment of numerous instances of Wireless sensor Networks (WSN's) Pl. The properties investigated in our selected bipartite grid backbones are those deemed most relevant for applications to the foundations of this widely growing field. distributed algorithms are primarily used to determine backbones. Our results review what backbone grid partitions exist in the data. This provides a metric to measure the effectiveness of any distributed algorithm against an existing optimal result. The visual display of selected backbone grids suggests local algorithm design strategies. Furthermore, these partitions must be efficiently computable for highly scalable computation, e.g. WSN's with 100's of thousands of vertices and millions of edges in the resulting RGG. We consider distributions over a segment of the plane and over the surface of the sphere to model sensor distributions both in limited planar regions, all around the globe or on distant planets.

关键词： Random Geometric Graph Wireless sensor Network Bipartite Subgraph Grid Partitioning Linear Time Algorithm

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