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On the Intersectionality of software Practitioners and Role Models

On the Intersectionality of Software Practitioners and Role ...

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workshop on Gender Equality in software engineering (GE)

作者： Mary Sánchez-Gordón Ricardo Colomo-Palacios Department of Computer Science and Communication Østfold University College Halden Norway Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798400705755

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353044

The lack of diversity in Computer science can create a toxic culture and contribute to higher turnover rates and low rates of participation by underrepresented groups (URGs). One common way to broaden participation is to promote initiatives that support role models. This paper posits that a better understanding of the influence of role models requires an intersectional perspective that helps to address issues of diversity and inequality experienced by multiple software practitioners, particularly those from URGs. We believe that role models can also contribute to professional identity construction and argue that every member of our community can be perceived as a role model by others since the value of role models is their ability to demonstrate diversity and encourage desired behaviors. CCS CONCEPTS •Social and professional topics ~ Professional topics ~ Computing profession. ACM Reference format: Mary Sánchez-Gordón, and Ricardo Colomo-Palacios. 2024. On the Intersectionality of software Practitioners and Role Models. In Proceedings of Fifth workshop on Gender Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in software engineering (GE@icse ‘24). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 5 pages. https://***/10.1145/3643785.3648483

关键词： Computer science computational modeling Conferences software Cultural differences Gender issues software engineering

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SEAMS 2024 Keynote 2

SEAMS 2024 Keynote 2

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Sun Jun Singapore Management University

ISBN: (数字)9798400705854

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363838

Sun Jun is currently a professor at Singapore Management University (SMU). He received Bachelor and PhD degrees in computing science from National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2002 and 2006. He has been a faculty member since 2010. He was a visiting scholar at MIT from 2011–2012. Jun's research interests include AI safety, formal methods, program analysis and cyber-security. He is the co-founder of the PAT model checker. He has published many journal articles or peer-reviewed conference papers, many of which are published at top-tier venues. He serves as the technical consultant for multiple companies.

关键词： Adaptation models Adaptive systems Autonomous systems computational modeling Companies Safety Sun

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Characterizing Role Models in software Practitioners’ Career: An Interview Study

Characterizing Role Models in Software Practitioners’ Caree...

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icse workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects on software engineering, CHASE

作者： Mary Sánchez-Gordón Ricardo Colomo-Palacios Alex Sanchez Gordon Department of Computer Science and Communication Østfold University College Halden Norway Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Innovation LogicStudio Panama Panama City

ISBN: (数字)9798400705335

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352238

A role model is a person who serves as an example for others to follow, especially in terms of values, behavior, achievements, and personal characteristics. In this paper, authors study how role models influence software practitioners’ careers, an aspect not studied in the literature before. By means of this study, authors aim to understand if there are any salient role model archetypes and what characteristics are valued by participants in their role models. To do so, authors use a thematic coding approach to analyze the data collected from interviewing ten Latin American software practitioners. Findings reveal that role models were perceived as sources of knowledge, yet the majority of participants, regardless of their career stage, displayed a stronger interest in the human side and the moral values that their role models embodied. This study also shows that any practitioner can be viewed as a role model. CCS CONCEPTS • Social and professional topics ~Professional topics ~Computing profession

关键词： Ethics Analytical models engineering profession Electric breakdown computational modeling software Encoding

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Flexico: Sustainable Machine Translation via Self-Adaptation

Flexico: Sustainable Machine Translation via Self-Adaptation

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Maria Casimiro Paolo Romano José G. C. De Souza Amin M. Khan David Garlan INESC-ID / IST & S3D CMU INESC-ID / IST Unbabel INESC-ID S3D CMU

ISBN: (数字)9798331501815

ISBN: (纸本)9798331501822

Machine Translation (MT) is the backbone of a plethora of systems and applications that are present in users' everyday lives. Despite the research efforts and progress in the MT domain, translation remains a challenging task and MT systems struggle when translating rare words, named entities, domain-specific terminology, idiomatic expressions and culturally specific terms. Thus, to meet the translation performance expectations of users, engineers are tasked with periodically updating (fine-tuning) MT models to guarantee high translation quality. However, with ever-growing machine learning models, fine-tuning operations become increasingly more expensive, raising serious concerns from a sustainability perspective. Furthermore, not all fine-tunings are guaranteed to lead to increased translation quality, thus corresponding to wasted compute resource. To address this issue and enhance the sustainability of MT systems, we present Flexico, a new approach to engineer selfadaptive MT systems, which leverages (i) ML-based regressors to estimate the expected benefits of fine-tuning MT models; and (ii) probabilistic model checking techniques to automate the reasoning about when the benefits of fine-tuning outweigh its costs. Our empirical evaluation on two MT models and languagepairs and across up to 9 domains demonstrates the predictive performance of the black-box models that estimate the expected benefits of fine-tuning, as well as their domain-generalizability. Finally, we show that Flexico improves the sustainability of MT systems when compared to naive baselines, decreasing the number of fine-tunings while preserving high translation quality.

关键词： Adaptation models Translation Costs Terminology computational modeling Predictive models Cognition Machine translation Sustainable development software engineering

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Towards Model Co-evolution Across Self-Adaptation Steps for Combined Safety and Security Analysis

Towards Model Co-evolution Across Self-Adaptation Steps for ...

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Thomas Witte Raffaela Groner Alexander Raschke Matthias Tichy Irdin Pekaric Michael Felderer Institute of Software Engineering Ulm University Germany Institute of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452120

Self-adaptive systems offer several attack surfaces due to the communication via different channels and the different sensors required to observe the environment. Often, attacks cause safety to be compromised as well, making it necessary to consider these two aspects together. Furthermore, the approaches currently used for safety and security analysis do not sufficient take into account the intermediate steps of an adaptation. Current work in this area ignores the fact that a self-adaptive system also reveals possible vulnerabilities (even if only temporarily) during the adaptation. To address this issue, we propose a modeling approach that takes into account the different relevant aspects of a system, its adaptation process, as well as safety hazards and security attacks. We present several models that describe different aspects of a self-adaptive system and we outline our idea of how these models can then be combined into an Attack-Fault Tree. This allows modeling aspects of the system on different levels of abstraction and co-evolve the models using transformations according to the adaptation of the system. Finally, analyses can then be performed as usual on the resulting Attack-Fault *** CONCEPTS• software and its engineering → System description languages; Fault tree analysis; • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems; Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks.

关键词： Adaptation models computational modeling Fault tolerant systems Organizations software Sensor systems Hazards

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Extending MAPE-K to support Human-Machine Teaming

Extending MAPE-K to support Human-Machine Teaming

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Jane Cleland-Huang Ankit Agrawal Michael Vierhauser Michael Murphy Mike Prieto Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA LIT Secure and Correct Systems Lab Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452120

The MAPE-K feedback loop has been established as the primary reference model for self-adaptive and autonomous systems in domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and Cyber-Physical Systems. At the same time, the Human Machine Teaming (HMT) paradigm is designed to promote partnerships between humans and autonomous machines. It goes far beyond the degree of collaboration expected in human-on-the-loop and human-in-the-loop systems and emphasizes interactions, partnership, and teamwork between humans and machines. However, while MAPE-K enables fully autonomous behavior, it does not explicitly address the interactions between humans and machines as intended by HMT. In this paper, we present the MAPE-K HMT framework which augments the traditional MAPE-K loop with support for HMT. We identify critical human-machine teaming factors and describe the infrastructure needed across the various phases of the MAPE-K loop in order to effectively support HMT. This includes runtime models that are constructed and populated dynamically across monitoring, analysis, planning, and execution phases to support human-machine partnerships. We illustrate MAPE-K HMT using examples from an autonomous multi-UAV emergency response system, and present guidelines for integrating HMT into *** CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Collaborative interaction; HCI theory, concepts and models.

关键词： Runtime computational modeling Robot kinematics Teamwork Planning Time factors Reliability

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A Hybrid Approach Combining Control Theory and AI for engineering Self-Adaptive Systems 15

A Hybrid Approach Combining Control Theory and AI for Engine...

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IEEE/ACM 15th International Symposium on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS)

作者： Caldas, Ricardo Diniz Rodrigues, Arthur Gil, Eric Bernd Rodrigues, Genaina Nunes Vogel, Thomas Pelliccione, Patrizio Chalmers Univ Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Univ Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Univ Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Humboldt Univ Berlin Germany Univ Aquila Laquila Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379625

Control theoretical techniques have been successfully adopted as methods for self-adaptive systems design to provide formal guarantees about the effectiveness and robustness of adaptation mechanisms. However, the computational effort to obtain guarantees poses severe constraints when it comes to dynamic adaptation. In order to solve these limitations, in this paper, we propose a hybrid approach combining software engineering, control theory, and AI to design for software self-adaptation. Our solution proposes a hierarchical and dynamic system manager with performance tuning. Due to the gap between high-level requirements specification and the internal knob behavior of the managed system, a hierarchically composed components architecture seek the separation of concerns towards a dynamic solution. Therefore, a two-layered adaptive manager was designed to satisfy the software requirements with parameters optimization through regression analysis and evolutionary meta-heuristic. The optimization relies on the collection and processing of performance, effectiveness, and robustness metrics w.r.t control theoretical metrics at the offline and online stages. We evaluate our work with a prototype of the Body Sensor Network (BSN) in the healthcare domain, which is largely used as a demonstrator by the community. The BSN was implemented under the Robot Operating System (ROS) architecture, and concerns about the system dependability are taken as adaptation goals. Our results reinforce the necessity of performing well on such a safety-critical domain and contribute with substantial evidence on how hybrid approaches that combine control and AI-based techniques for engineering self-adaptive systems can provide effective adaptation.

关键词： hybrid self-adaptive software control theory optimization

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Assessing software Development Skills Among K-6 Learners in a Project-Based workshop with Scratch 40

Assessing Software Development Skills Among K-6 Learners in ...

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40th IEEE/ACM International Conference on software engineering - software engineering Education and Training (icse-SEET)

作者： Gutierrez, Francisco J. Simmonds, Jocelyn Hitschfeld, Nancy Casanova, Cecilia Sotomayor, Cecilia Pena-Araya, Vanessa Univ Chile Dept Comp Sci Santiago Chile Univ Chile Grad Sch FCFM Santiago Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356602

Recent literature reports a fair amount of initiatives on how to engage younger populations in achieving computational literacy. However, there is considerable less research on how to effectively deliver software development skills in a way that can be accepted and ultimately adopted by this user group. As a way to bridge this gap, we ran an extracurricular project-based workshop, targeting 10-12 years old learners with no prior coding experience, delivered over five days in the computer labs at the University of Chile. In this workshop, participants follow hands-on activities where they acquire the basics of computer programming and develop a small-scale software application using Scratch. These activities showcase that good software engineering practices can be taught to K-6 students, where these students are guided by experienced computer science undergraduate and graduate students. This paper presents a descriptive case study that focuses on assessing how K-6 learners assimilate and use these practices when developing their first computing application in a non-traditional learning experience. In order to do this, we designed and calibrated a rubric to evaluate the software products generated by the workshop participants. Our findings provide further evidence that it is indeed possible to teach initial notions of software engineering to this user group, structuring these constructs in a non-technical language that can be assimilated by novice developers. Furthermore, we did not observe significant differences in this matter according to gender and socio-economic status.

关键词： software engineering education software development Rubric K-6 learners Scratch Case study

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Run-Time Monitoring of Self-Adaptive Systems to Detect N-way Feature Interactions and their Causes

Run-Time Monitoring of Self-Adaptive Systems to Detect N-way...

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Byron DeVries Betty H.C. Cheng School of Computing and Information Systems Grand Valley State University Allendale Michigan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan

The validity of systems at run time depends on the features included in those systems operating as specified. However, when feature interactions occur, the specifications no longer reflect the state of the run-time system due to the conflict. While methods exist to detect feature interactions at design time, conflicts that cause features to fail may still arise when new detected feature interactions are considered unreachable, new features are added, or an exhaustive design-time detection approach is impractical due to computational costs. This paper introduces Thoosa, an approach for using models at run time to detect features that can fail due to n-way feature interactions at run time and thereby trigger mitigating adaptations and/or updates to the requirements. We illustrate our approach by applying Thoosa to an industry-based automotive braking system comprising multiple subsystems.

关键词： Force Brakes Feature extraction Standards Automotive engineering Adaptation models Adaptive systems

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SWIM: An Exemplar for Evaluation and Comparison of Self-Adaptation Approaches for Web Applications

SWIM: An Exemplar for Evaluation and Comparison of Self-Adap...

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SEAMS International workshop on software engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, icse

作者： Gabriel A. Moreno Bradley Schmerl David Garlan Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Pittsburgh PA USA Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science Pittsburgh PA USA

Research in self-adaptive systems often uses web applications as target systems, running the actual software on real web servers. This approach has three drawbacks. First, these systems are not easy and/or cheap to deploy. Second, run-time conditions cannot be replicated exactly to compare different adaptation approaches due to uncontrolled factors. Third, running experiments is time-consuming. To address these issues, we present SWIM, an exemplar that simulates a web application. SWIM can be used as a target system with an external adaptation manager interacting with it through its TCP-based interface. Since the servers are simulated, this use case addresses the first two problems. The full benefit of SWIM is attained when the adaptation manager is built as a simulation module. An experiment using a simulated 60-server cluster, processing 18 hours of traffic with 29 million requests takes only 5 minutes to run on a laptop computer. SWIM has been used for evaluating self-adaptation approaches, and for a comparative study of model-based predictive approaches to self-adaptation.

关键词： Adaptation models Web servers computational modeling Virtual machining Process control

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