Where have GUIs gone astray-and how might we lead them back to the light? Graphical user interfaces have been with us a long time. Many people have written guidelines that attempted to make all applications easy to us...
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Where have GUIs gone astray-and how might we lead them back to the light? Graphical user interfaces have been with us a long time. Many people have written guidelines that attempted to make all applications easy to use. But many say that things are getting harder rather than easier. Users are still having to learn far too much before they can get started. The author discusses some of the reasons why GUIs may have gone astray. In the wasteland left by the GUI wars there are a few paths emerging. New alliances may lead us to the promised land of simple, easy to use computers. The author's view of that promised land is described and object-oriented interaction is discussed.< >
object distribution has been regarded as one of the most important paradigms for distributed processing since the early eighties. The increasing popularity of digital audio and video applications presents new challeng...
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object distribution has been regarded as one of the most important paradigms for distributed processing since the early eighties. The increasing popularity of digital audio and video applications presents new challenges to the traditional object distribution models. This paper outlines some of important progress of the ANSA Phase 3 project to extend ANSA object model for real-time and multimedia processing. The paper focuses on why the extensions are needed rather than what are the achieved technical results.< >
Ray-tracing is an image synthesis method producing some of the most photorealistic images to date. The method is taken from classical optics, where rays of light are traced around a scene inside the computer and resul...
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Ray-tracing is an image synthesis method producing some of the most photorealistic images to date. The method is taken from classical optics, where rays of light are traced around a scene inside the computer and results are plotted into the resulting image. This simple technique enables refraction, reflection and shadowing to be created in the same algorithm. The drawback, however, is that the method is very computationally expensive, and hence requires accelerating to enable images to be produced in a reasonable time. Most of the time spent in any ray-tracing algorithm is spent in ray-object intersection tests, so techniques to accelerate the ray tracing process have concentrated on this problem. Two acceleration techniques are investigated, those of parallelism and temporal coherence.< >
Most manufacturing oriented simulation languages only offer the facility to model the system in one mode: discrete or continuous. However if a real, single mode system is examined more closely, some characteristics of...
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Most manufacturing oriented simulation languages only offer the facility to model the system in one mode: discrete or continuous. However if a real, single mode system is examined more closely, some characteristics of the opposing mode can usually be found. It is to what extent that the opposing mode can be neglected that determines in which mode the system can be successfully modelled. For many systems it is not satisfactory to approximate to a single mode system, and a mixed-mode systems simulation language would be required. A genuine mixed-mode simulation language would be able to model both discrete and continuous systems individually, in addition to combined continuous/discrete systems, and would therefore be a more useful general purpose simulation tool. It has been postulated that all systems should be treated as mixed-mode, with those with only discrete characteristics, or those with only continuous characteristics treated only as exceptions instead of the rule.< >
Constraint satisfaction techniques are a very powerful way to tackle highly combinatorial problems such as vehicle routing or crew scheduling. The author presents PECOS, an objectoriented constraint programming libra...
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Constraint satisfaction techniques are a very powerful way to tackle highly combinatorial problems such as vehicle routing or crew scheduling. The author presents PECOS, an objectoriented constraint programming library, used in various industrial applications, including transportation. It is available in two versions: a C++ library, or a Lisp library. PECOS offers some unique aspects such as: objectorientedprogramming; expressing a constraint at the class level, which is shared by all the instances of the class; use of global optimization techniques such as simulated annealing; symbolic constraints for resource allocation problems; and so on. These features are described and illustrated by the CARAIBE system, which deals with locomotive scheduling for a French railway company. The inputs are the departure and arrival time and stations of all French trains. The system minimizes the number of locomotives and produces a detailed planning for each locomotive. The use of objectorientedprogramming with class constraints allows the representation of the problem with five constraints only, whatever number of trains are considered. The use of simulated annealing enables a very good optimization. This application has clear counterparts within the air transport companies.< >
Acumen is a collaborative research project whose goal is to define the requirements of an applications platform which will support the integration of software products in process and manufacturing industry thereby enh...
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Acumen is a collaborative research project whose goal is to define the requirements of an applications platform which will support the integration of software products in process and manufacturing industry thereby enhancing the useability and effectiveness of such products. A prototype applications platform is produced and demonstrated. The objectoriented paradigm has been adopted throughout the project, with P. Cood and E. Yourdon's (1991) methodology being used for analysis and design. The applications platform itself is implemented in C/sub ++/ in a Unix environment. The authors described the basic architecture of the applications platform and discuss some of the constraints upon its design.< >
The author discusses the change to an object-oriented user interface and some implementation problems. He considers how objectoriented user interfaces gain most power when the user can assemble parts to make useful o...
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The author discusses the change to an object-oriented user interface and some implementation problems. He considers how objectoriented user interfaces gain most power when the user can assemble parts to make useful objects. Each part can be tuned to handling or displaying a particular type of data.< >
This paper describes the use of objectoriented technology applied to the design of neural networks. Aspects of code probability and reusability were a major motivation for using this technology because several differ...
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This paper describes the use of objectoriented technology applied to the design of neural networks. Aspects of code probability and reusability were a major motivation for using this technology because several different network architectures were being investigated. It is necessary to focus on characteristics common to most neural architectures and to abstract these as the basis of the design.< >
The Fusion method has been developed by the object-oriented Design Group at Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Bristol. The method builds on existing, first generation, methods, for example, Booch, OMT, and CRC, and provid...
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The Fusion method has been developed by the object-oriented Design Group at Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Bristol. The method builds on existing, first generation, methods, for example, Booch, OMT, and CRC, and provides a direct route from a requirements definition through to a programming language implementation. Fusion is a systematic method and has been designed for use by medium to large size teams in the industrial environment. The paper gives a short and simplified description of the method together with a brief report of its promotion both inside and outside of HP.< >
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