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The perception component of the VIEWS project

The perception component of the VIEWS project

引用

iee colloquium on image Analysis for Transport Applications

作者： G.D. Sullivan Department of Computer Science University of Reading UK

The VIEWS (visual inspection and evaluation of wide-area scenes) project described seeks to use advanced visual processing for monitoring and surveillance tasks in traffic scenes, including typical road traffic and ground traffic at airports. The major objective of the project is to develop and demonstrate a system capable of interpreting complex traffic scenes in real-time. An important component of VIEWS is the establishment of support tools to assist in the knowledge acquisition stage, and to allow automatic 'compilation' of visual strategies at the time the application is defined.< >

关键词： Machine vision Monitoring Knowledge acquisition Knowledge based systems Traffic control (transportation)

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A dual active contour for head boundary extraction

A dual active contour for head boundary extraction

引用

iee colloquium on image processing for Biometric Measurement

作者： S.R. Gunn M.S. Nixon Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Sci. Southampton Univ. UK Department of Electronics and Computer Science Signal Processing Group University of Southampton UK

The position of a head in an image is germane to automatic face recognition. Several techniques have been proposed to extract an approximation to the head boundary. This paper presents a new approach to improve robustness of face contour extraction by extending active contour techniques. The main problems with the basic snake technique (Kass et al., 1988) include sensitivity to initialisation and obstruction of evolution by insignificant is localised features. In deployment, these factors can force selection of an initial contour which is close to the target. By combining an expanding contour with a shrinkage one, in a dual active contour, we can reduce sensitivity to initialisation, effectively by constraining the space in which the target contour is expected to lie.< >

关键词： Access control Face recognition Feature extraction

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Determining the location of components in an AMP environment

Determining the location of components in an AMP environment

引用

iee colloquium on Binary image processing - Techniques and Applications

作者： J.A. Ware R.A. Davies G. Roberts Department of Mathematics and Computing Polytechnic of Wales Pontypridd Mid-Glamorgan UK Department of Computer Studies Polytechnic of Wales Pontypridd Mid-Glamorgan UK

The manipulation of components by a robot in an automatic manufacturing process (AMP) requires knowledge about each component's location and orientation. A 3-D representation of the robot's workspace is thus required. In the work presented the 3-D representation is built up using information obtained from robot mountable CCD cameras positioned around the workspace. Each camera is connected to a transputer which is responsible for preprocessing the extracted data before its subsequent use. The process of extracting the information from the cameras is separated from the processes that use this information. This separation of information provider from information user enables the software that controls the cameras (and even the cameras themselves) to be upgraded with no corresponding changes to the information user software. The paper outlines the procedure whereby the model of the workspace is constructed and subsequently used to locate the components within it.< >

关键词： Charge coupled image sensors Machine vision Industrial control TV cameras

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Application of electrical impedance tomography to a plant scale mixing vessel

Application of electrical impedance tomography to a plant sc...

引用

iee colloquium on Innovations in Instrumentation for Electrical Tomography

作者： G.M. Lyon M. Inam J.P. Oakley M.S. Beck UMIST Process Tomography Unit Manchester UK Department E E. Manchester University Signal Processing Group Manchester UK

This paper describes the application of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to a plant scale mixing vessel. A cylindrical mixing tank with a diameter of 7 ft (2.13 m) has been equipped with a single plane of sensing electrodes. These sensors connect to a low-cost PC based data acquisition system, which uses a dual-opposing drive signal arrangement. Initial imaging of static discontinuities within the vessel are shown.

关键词： Impedance imaging Tomography Process control Monitoring image reconstruction Data acquisition

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Fractal features of the digital measurement of length and area

Fractal features of the digital measurement of length and ar...

引用

iee colloquium on Fractals in Signal and image processing

作者： D. Rosen Image Processing Group Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London UK

For objects viewed within images composed of an array of square pixels, the precise results of length and area measurements depend on the relative size of objects and pixels. This study concerns the error to be expected in such measurements. Not surprisingly, the log-log relationship between error and relative pixel size, i.e. relative size of the measurement unit, is linear with a non-integer gradient. A relationship of this form has been taken as the signature of a fractal phenomenon. However, such an interpretation of the images in question may not be of significant use in practical applications of quality control conducted by automated visual inspection. In the theoretical and experimental (computer simulation) studies reported here, each pixel has been represented by its centre point, lines have been represented by the sequence of four-connected pixels lying closest to the line and areas by the pixels of which the centres lie within the boundary of the figure being studied. Grey levels have not been used: each pixel is coloured either black or white. Pixels are taken as separated by unit distance and being of unit area. The restriction to one-bit pixel representation and four-connection between neighbouring pixels emphasizes the problems of geometric probability and discrete mathematics. Some small mitigation of the difficulties can be obtained by using multi- (grey) -coloured pixels and eight-connection between them.

关键词： Automatic optical inspection Fractals image processing

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A multiresolution approach to flow feature extraction from phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography

A multiresolution approach to flow feature extraction from p...

引用

iee colloquium on Multiresolution Modelling and Analysis in image processing and computer Vision

作者： A.H. Bhalerao P.E. Summers Departments of Medical Physics and Radiological Sciences UMDS Guy''s and Saint Thomas'' Hospitals London UK

The authors considered a multi-resolution, model based segmentation method for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). It is a spatial domain based technique and an extension to 3D of a 2D curve segmentation method reported elsewhere. The method has been demonstrated to produce a concise symbolic description of the MRA data (in the form of vessel centre lines) and is efficient in its computational complexity being equivalent in processing to filtering by a 3*3*3 kernel, and based on a generalised and flexible image model which has great potential as a basis for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of MRA data. The work and results presented thus far are preliminary and currently there are several areas where consolidation and enhancement is necessary. There is a need to assess the levels of noise in the data in situ, to better control the confidence levels used for the hypothesis testing. Curve tracing is currently done probabilistically based purely on the local curvature. By considering the physical measurements of the data being imaged, e.g. speed of blood and the vessel diameters, local connectivity could be established using a conservation of mass constraint. Also, there is need to explicitly define bifurcations as part of the signal model. With regards to visualisation, some experimentation has already been carried out to represent flow direction and using the multiresolution vectors for generating filtered maximum intensity projections and predicting probable flow. The segmentation is also being applied to the estimation of blood pressure gradients in vivo.

关键词： Biomedical magnetic resonance imaging Blood flow measurement Feature extraction image segmentation Biomedical image processing

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VIEWS: computer vision for surveillance applications

VIEWS: computer vision for surveillance applications

引用

iee colloquium on Active and Passive Techniques for 3-D Vision

作者： D. Corrall Marconi Command and Control Systems Limited Frimley UK

Summary form only given. The ESPRIT project VIEWS (Visual Inspection and Evaluation of Wide-area Scenes) (project 2152) demonstrates computer vision systems for real-time surveillance of outdoor dynamic scenes in constrained situations. Two domains, viz. ground traffic at airports and road traffic have been selected for demonstration. For applications within these domains, inspection refers to a monitoring activity which provides a description of the scene in spatio-temporal terms, while evaluation refers to the higher-level activity of surveillance which produces conceptual descriptions of the scene of meaning to the end user. Both levels of description are derived primarily from image sequence data but other, nonvisual, data may also be input. The term wide-area refers not only to the spatial extent of the possible interactions but also to their number, for example a large network of roads or a junction in an urban area, or the whole or part of the airside of an airport.< >

关键词： Machine vision Pattern recognition image processing

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Fuzzy control in Japan-learning lessons

Fuzzy control in Japan-learning lessons

引用

iee colloquium on Two Decades of Fuzzy control - Part 1

作者： E.H. Mamdani

Zadeh proposed fuzzy sets in 1965 because, he has said, of this dissatisfaction with 'increasing precision' in control theory. Zadeh later gave example of how fuzzy logic may be used for expressing human derived decision rules, but did not anticipate that this can be used for feedback control. The fuzzy logic control (FLC) method first described 19 years ago is in widespread use to-day in substantially the same form as was discussed in that original paper. Large scale applications began in Japan but in the last year or so the German and US industries have also increased the applications of FLC. Industrial applications of fuzzy control in Japan range from automatic train operation to the control of pumping stations in a sewage plant, automatic drink vending machines, gas supply control in steel works, and many more. However, FLC's main impact has so far been on consumer products such as cars, image processing equipment (including cameras and camcorders), washing machines, rice-cookers and so on.< >

关键词： Feedback Fuzzy control Fuzzy logic

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Parallel methodologies for large-scale simulation

Parallel methodologies for large-scale simulation

引用

iee colloquium on Parallel processing in control - the Transputer and Other Architectures

作者： A.W. Burton Control Syst. Centre Univ. of Manchester Inst. of Sci. & Technol. UK

System simulation involves the construction of a computational analogue of a physical system-a process which has traditionally been associated with intemperate demands on processing time. This is more true today than ever before. Complex large-scale plant simulators and process mimics are almost commonplace in some high-technology industries. In such settings, simulation may be used in both the design and validation of novel control strategies, as well as forming part of an operator training programme, or in cause-consequence diagnostics. The problem arises that as physical systems evolve in complexity, the dimensionality of the underlying dynamical equations can rise dramatically, creating an immense computational burden at simulation time. Often this may result in the violation of any real-time constraints, and the effects may become so acute as to render computer times that are excessive to the point of impracticality. Consequently, the authors are concerned with the development of parallel methodologies for such problems. Attention is focused on a necessarily restricted set of large-scale systems (LSS): those that are adequately described by high-dimensional sets of ordinary differential equations (ODE's) in state-space form. It should be noted however, that many of the general concepts relating to parallelism exploitation, extend to a much wider class of problems.< >

关键词： Simulation Parallel algorithms

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An 'eye-in-hand' visual inspection system

An 'eye-in-hand' visual inspection system

引用

iee colloquium on computer Vision for Robotics

作者： I.A. Abraham J.P. McTavish S. Shannon J.E.W. Mayhew STC Technology Limited Harlow UK Plessey Research Roke Manor Limited Romsey Hampshire UK Research Initiative in Pattern Recognition Artificial Intelligence Vision Research Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

In the case of an existing line, where inspection is being performed by people, or not at all, a flexible automatic visual inspection system is required. The work described is part of the Research Initiative in Pattern Recognition (RIPR), which is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of developing such a vision system. The requirement for more 'human' performance necessitates the use of a robot arm as an integral part of the inspection system. A typical inspection sequence for the suggested system could be split into the following steps: identification and location of an object in the current field of view; recollection of inspection requirements; movement of camera and/or object to achieve a suitable viewpoint; and inspection, performed as accurately as possible. The system described uses stereo vision, camera movement and edge extraction.< >

关键词： Machine vision Pattern recognition image processing Inspection Quality control

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