Over its lifetime, simulation has almost exclusively been regraded as a computing programming task and therefore requiring specialist skills in that field. Correspondingly, this relegated simulation to a 'back roo...
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Over its lifetime, simulation has almost exclusively been regraded as a computing programming task and therefore requiring specialist skills in that field. Correspondingly, this relegated simulation to a 'back room' analytical task, auxiliary to the 'front room' decision making. The author describes this approach and its disadvantages and goes on to look at an alternative view of the simulation process; it starts from the premise that a greater value is gained through interaction with the simulation model. It takes the view that real understanding of the problem is more critical than expertise in a simulation programming language. The drawbacks of this approach are described. The author argues for the incorporation of simulation into company decision making by stating that a model of the real world offers the opportunity to test the sensitivity of the overall system to a change in an item of data before that change is made, or any commitment is made to plant investment or to policy or practice. Certain principles need to be observed in pursuing this role for simulation, covering: the database discipline, user interfaces, modelling structure and simulation use management.< >
Efficient spectrum planning requires models to account for the effects of the atmosphere and terrain on radio systems. One requirement is for statistical models based on as few, readily available, parameters as possib...
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Efficient spectrum planning requires models to account for the effects of the atmosphere and terrain on radio systems. One requirement is for statistical models based on as few, readily available, parameters as possible; these tend to be empirical or semi-empirical in nature. A second type of requirement is the modelling of the performance of a specific communication or radar system; real-time forecasts are of particular interest to military users. This requires more accurate propagation models and more detailed environmental information than the statistical approach. RAL have developed several numerical propagation models that account for the effects of the atmosphere and terrain on radio systems at frequencies from VHF to millimetric. Some of these are discussed. As well as being useful simulation and forecasting tools, the models have provided insight into the propagation mechanisms and can be a basis for improved statistical models.< >
The Design Information Research Team (DIRT) have undertaken a project funded by the UK Training Agency to create a multi-media AI and intelligent tutoring based simulation of being in command and control at a large fi...
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The Design Information Research Team (DIRT) have undertaken a project funded by the UK Training Agency to create a multi-media AI and intelligent tutoring based simulation of being in command and control at a large fire incident. Knowledge acquisition for this project is supported by the Fire Brigade and West Midlands Fire Authority in particular. The system, ICCARUS (intelligent command and control-acquisition and review using simulation), is being designed as a multimedia environment in which 'realistic' concrete experience is gained of attending, commanding and controlling a major fire incident. The implementation of AI techniques, supported by a Mac IIx, transputers, various optical technology and the use of a sophisticated WIMPS interface allows the participating officer, as in 'real life', to become an information nexus; able to request and allocate resources within an audio/textual/visual environment, creating a real-time, event-based qualitative simulation, capable of realistically modelling the behaviour of both the fire and the decision making capabilities of the agents under the officer's control.< >
The computer-based decision support system aimed at the operator in charge of planning the radio coverage of a GSM network. It is an off-line system providing tools to the user in order to match a geographical pattern...
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The computer-based decision support system aimed at the operator in charge of planning the radio coverage of a GSM network. It is an off-line system providing tools to the user in order to match a geographical pattern of statistical traffic with a model-based simulator of the network. By working on the basis of a model, the system allows in a very short time and at low cost the user to evaluate the performance of a network which is not yet implemented, or to evaluate and compare the results of possible modifications of an existing network. The main techniques which have been applied are knowledge-based systems (KBS), object-oriented modelling and interactive graphical user-interfaces.< >
Alliant FX/Series systems offer architecture which is particularly well suited for real time simulation and control applications. Examples of applications which have been developed on the system include the Boeing Com...
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Alliant FX/Series systems offer architecture which is particularly well suited for real time simulation and control applications. Examples of applications which have been developed on the system include the Boeing Commercial Future Airplane simulator, NCAR Doppler radar system for detecting wind shear and the Hughes Aircraft F/A-18 Weapons Training System. Mazda have recently completed a full vehicle simulator for the new Miata Model in which the vehicle dynamics, out of the window views and instruments are all controlled by a central Alliant system.
The QSIM algorithm of B. Kuipers is used to perform qualitative simulation of continuous dynamic physical systems described using 'weak' modelling primitives. Recently, a phenomenon known as 'chattering...
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The QSIM algorithm of B. Kuipers is used to perform qualitative simulation of continuous dynamic physical systems described using 'weak' modelling primitives. Recently, a phenomenon known as 'chattering' has been described and investigated in the QSIM algorithm. We show that chattering can be split into (at least) two quite distinct phenomena and that in one case it is the non-constructive nature of QSIM that causes chattering. We present a constructive algorithm for performing qualitative simulation of continuous dynamic physical systems. This algorithm is 'event-based' and uses the notion of 'persistence', so that events are only caused by the behaviour of the system and not by the algorithm used to investigate that behaviour. This eliminates one aspect of chattering without recourse to additional information.
In the contracting business simulation plays an increasingly important role in tendering and project execution in the evaluation of alternatives and assessing the risks associated with solutions. The benefits and fina...
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In the contracting business simulation plays an increasingly important role in tendering and project execution in the evaluation of alternatives and assessing the risks associated with solutions. The benefits and financial savings generated by simulation come from direct labour, capital investment, productivity improvements (and savings in) overheads and materials. Once armed with the knowledge of the benefits that may be achieved, the managers next step should be in quantifying what it will cost to generate a model that will produce adequate results on which to base a decision; this is done together with the systems modeller. A spreadsheet is used to calculate the duration of such a modelling task. Other aspects of managing a simulation model for contracting businesses are also presented.< >
computermodelling is increasingly being used to assist NDT engineers to design ultrasonic inspections of quantified performance and improved reliability. A computer package was developed which allows assessment of sy...
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computermodelling is increasingly being used to assist NDT engineers to design ultrasonic inspections of quantified performance and improved reliability. A computer package was developed which allows assessment of system performance in 3D situations. The package allows the inspection to be defined in detail in terms of the characteristics of the probes, the manipulator used to scan them and of the component geometry. An interactive graphics facility allows the axis of the beam from any probe to be viewed relative to the component geometry at any point in the scan. The facilities described allow inspections to be designed to achieve quantified performance.< >
A canard-controlled missile airframe configuration with a twist-and-steer (or polar) control system affords economies in design and kinematic performance but at present does not permit a direct analytical solution for...
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A canard-controlled missile airframe configuration with a twist-and-steer (or polar) control system affords economies in design and kinematic performance but at present does not permit a direct analytical solution for the optimum guidance and roll control autopilot laws. The development of a stable roll loop of adequate bandwidth and response is fundamental in a twist-and-steer missile. Whilst the application of modern control theory has been successfully applied to the design of aileron-constrained time-invariant cases, its extension to the nonlinear case requires further development. Roll loop design is commonly carried out using frequency-domain methods coupled with detailed mathematical modelling and digital simulation. The use of commercially available control system design programs facilitates loop design and sensitivity studies across the operating envelope. Describing function techniques may be used to investigate limit cycle stability etc. The paper discusses the aerodynamics and the computer-aided design.< >
作者:
G.J. MilneHARDLAB
Department of Computer Science University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
A framework is presented in which circuit timing issues may be isolated, specified and formally verified. This approach to reasoning about time differs from current timing analysis work in that a complete formal analy...
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A framework is presented in which circuit timing issues may be isolated, specified and formally verified. This approach to reasoning about time differs from current timing analysis work in that a complete formal analysis infrastructure is created rather than a single timing analysis tool. The infrastructure has been used to discover methodologies for rigorously reasoning about the temporal properties of digital hardware. The resulting modelling framework is based on CIRCAL, a formal concurrent process model developed for the purpose of rigorously describing and analysing properties of highly complex concurrent systems such as those found in integrated circuit hardware. Fundamental to this analytical infrastructure is an algebraic or constructive technique for establishing the timing properties of a complex circuit's modules from the timing properties of its constituent parts. The intention is to use a formal model of hardware behaviour to lay the foundations of such tools. The CIRCAL model therefore provides a description language as the single medium in which to specify the behaviour of hardware under analysis and the timing properties which that hardware should possess. Formal verification techniques which ensures that given timing properties are satisfied by a particular circuit design are an intrinsic part of this approach to design and analysis.< >
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