The development of online drug administration strategies in operating theatres represent a highly safety-critical situation. The usefulness of different levels of simulation prior to clinical trials has been shown in ...
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The development of online drug administration strategies in operating theatres represent a highly safety-critical situation. The usefulness of different levels of simulation prior to clinical trials has been shown in previous studies in muscle relaxant anaesthesia. In the present approach the control software was implemented on the actual machine to be used in theatre, while another computer acted as a real-time patient simulator. The paper illustrates the usefulness of the controller/simulator approach via results of scale-factor selection, choice of self-organising fuzzy logic controlrule-base, and the effect of the drug sensitivity scheduler.< >
The process of control system is a well understood, structured and iterative process. One form of real time control involves real time design and in this approach to expert control the controller is designed or update...
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The process of control system is a well understood, structured and iterative process. One form of real time control involves real time design and in this approach to expert control the controller is designed or updated on a real time basis. It is this approach to expert control that is considered. A general knowledgebase structure for expert controlbased on the 'blackboard' concept and object oriented design has been suggested.< >
The strength of the intelligent parallel control (IPC) structure is that the controller emphasis can be placed on implementation aspects seen to be of particular relevance by the practitioner. Of primary importance th...
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The strength of the intelligent parallel control (IPC) structure is that the controller emphasis can be placed on implementation aspects seen to be of particular relevance by the practitioner. Of primary importance therefore, is the capture and classification of relevant 'expert' knowledge in terms of the plant and likely appropriate control action. It is shown in the paper how the collected knowledge-base, which is a key feature of IPCs, can be of great benefit in the cautious use of more dynamic control schemes, and can therefore allow for the employment of performance enhancing controllers whilst retaining a safety-first approach.< >
The authors believe that there is considerable scope for the exploitation of rule-basedcontrol methods in industry and the paper describes their initial attempts at getting to grips with the ideas. The implementation...
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The authors believe that there is considerable scope for the exploitation of rule-basedcontrol methods in industry and the paper describes their initial attempts at getting to grips with the ideas. The implementation of rule-basedcontrol algorithms is considered for two very different types of process. The first involves the use of the 'ball and beam' apparatus which has been studied previously by a number of authors (Wellstead et al. (1978), Rees and White (1984)). The second project deals with the digital control of a marine diesel engine speed. In both cases, the control performance of a linguistic algorithm is compared to more traditional controller designs based on PID, modified deadbeat and state feedback methods.< >
From simulation results presented, it is been shown that the problem of rudder induced roll in modern warships can be overcome by using a suitable fuzzy controller. Whilst the fuzzy controller has proved successful, i...
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From simulation results presented, it is been shown that the problem of rudder induced roll in modern warships can be overcome by using a suitable fuzzy controller. Whilst the fuzzy controller has proved successful, it does not have any form of internal performance assessment which may be used to update its effectiveness. A self-organising controller incorporates a performance assessment mode during its operation. It is considered that such a controller would overcome the problem of having multiple output fuzzy options and has been the subject of ongoing research activity.< >
The main objective of the approach outlined in the paper is the development of a real-time knowledge-based system which uses process and controlknowledge in the form of rules in conjunction with conventional algorith...
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The main objective of the approach outlined in the paper is the development of a real-time knowledge-based system which uses process and controlknowledge in the form of rules in conjunction with conventional algorithmic control for the enhanced supervision of fermentation processes. The system has been developed using the G2 Real-Time Expert System toolkit (Gensym Corp.) and runs on a SUN 3/60 workstation which is linked to pilot scale fermenters via an Ethernet connection to a IBM PS/2. The PS/2 carries out local monitoring and control of the fermentation process through an RS232 serial connection to a number of industrial signal processors which are in turn directly linked to the process.< >
In the work described in the paper the control of neuro-muscular blockade via relaxant drug administration to patients undergoing surgery is considered. Adequate levels of blockade are required to assist the surgeon p...
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In the work described in the paper the control of neuro-muscular blockade via relaxant drug administration to patients undergoing surgery is considered. Adequate levels of blockade are required to assist the surgeon perform an operation whilst minimising the risks of tissue damage. Relaxant drugs are conventionally administered via bolus injections determined by anaesthetists according to their clinical judgement. It has been found that, like many biomedical systems, the patient dynamics are nonlinear, time-varying and exhibit large inter-patient variability. Under such circumstances, the methodology of fuzzy logic control, introduced by Zadeh, may be suitable for such an application provided that a suitable rule-base can be elicited. Two approaches are presented, one of which employed a training simulator, and the other used logged data taken from an anaesthetist performing manual control of drug infusion.< >
The author believes that industry is now entering a new era where on can realistically consider ways of not only achieving good product quality but can now coincidentally aim to optimise the process with respect opera...
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The author believes that industry is now entering a new era where on can realistically consider ways of not only achieving good product quality but can now coincidentally aim to optimise the process with respect operating parameters and procedures of the unit. The author considers how rulebasedcontrol emerged out of the need to find a solution to controlling and optimising those processes that were known to be complex and difficult to model and yet not particularly demanding on the process operators. The techniques are now well established and the benefits arising out of its application have been shown to be much greater than originally targeted giving audited paybacks as short as three months. This is probably due to the formal combination of the pragmatic approach to control of the process operators with that of the technical experts in the form of process engineering and central technical personnel. The potential range of applications for rulebasedcontrol is probably unlimited since in its simplest from it can be made to mimic conventional PID control and yet can be very easily extended to successfully handle a wide range of special or unique conditions.< >
Power stations are required to adjust their output continually in response to the demands of the National Grid. This requires, in particular, accurate control of the fuel flow to the boiler and of the governor valve w...
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Power stations are required to adjust their output continually in response to the demands of the National Grid. This requires, in particular, accurate control of the fuel flow to the boiler and of the governor valve which regulates the steam flow to the turbine. control of these parameters is generally considered together and referred to as Load control. Work has been carried out by the CEGB into improved methods of load control in order to achieve more rapid and predictable load changes and improved control near to plant constraints. This enables both power stations and the Grid System to be operated more efficiently and with less damage to the paint. In particular, a major project has been undertaken on a 500 MW coal-fired unit at West Burton Power Station. The paper considers the implementation of a rule-based technique to achieve improved control of the governor valves. This enables an operating region, where discontinuous governor valve movement occurs, to be avoided and thus achieves: better control of the generated output; and much reduced wear of the valve mechanism which is both expensive to repair and can only be serviced during periods of extended plant shut-down.< >
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