Dynamic simulation is at the heart of controlsystem development. Two case studies of hydromechanical applications are used to illustrate the use of simulation to this end. simulation of bridge lifting machinery, init...
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Dynamic simulation is at the heart of controlsystem development. Two case studies of hydromechanical applications are used to illustrate the use of simulation to this end. simulation of bridge lifting machinery, initially for design verification proved a valuable tool for controlsystem development. simulation of a sheet steel coiler gave an insight into the dynamic limitations of the machine as well as providing for control law design. Despite the many different applications, resulting simulationmodel structures and development patterns are surprisingly similar. Recognition of such similarities has enabled the use of a standard simulation development procedure offering the advantages of ensuring high-quality simulations in a cost-effective, controlled and reliable manner.
systemmodelling can be viewed as a sequence of transformations taking the physical system through a sequence of representations to obtain an appropriate systemmodel. Relevant physical systems are, for example: a rob...
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systemmodelling can be viewed as a sequence of transformations taking the physical system through a sequence of representations to obtain an appropriate systemmodel. Relevant physical systems are, for example: a robot, a distillation column, a manufacturing system, a gas turbine, company economics, and a plastic extruder. This mix of systems demonstrates firstly the range of systems which we hope to model and secondly, the varying complexity of the systems which we hope to model. Relevant uses of the model are, for example: controldesign, process design, simulation, and system understanding. Some forms of the model might be: a frequency response of a linear transfer function, a pole-zero description of a linear transfer function, a human readable equation, machine readable (possibly non-linear) simulation code. Clearly, the appropriate form of the model corresponds to the use to which the model is to be put. We have chosen bond graphs as Representation in the context of continuous systemmodelling. The tools for accomplishing such transformations are discussed. Examples of use are given.
Modern dynamic simulation in the continuous process industries is based around the successive solution of the (usually large) set of differential, algebraic and integer equations describing the time dependent behaviou...
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Modern dynamic simulation in the continuous process industries is based around the successive solution of the (usually large) set of differential, algebraic and integer equations describing the time dependent behaviour of a process plant with associated control and protection systems. The equations are the physical realisation of the abstract model used to represent the plant. Process plants are inherently time varying. Dynamic simulation can provide insight and solutions not available through other techniques. simulations of all but the simplest plants are very demanding on computer power and, to a lesser extent, on memory. Recent rapid advances in computing power have had a dramatic effect on the importance of dynamic simulation throughout the processing industries. The increased availability of power has been accompanied by improved user interface design, particularly with the recent advent of, the X-window system standard. Applications produced for Unix based systems are usually 'open' which tends to prolong their useful life and makes on-going development more cost effective. Trends in simulation methods are discussed. There is, the possibility of a huge jump in power availability at a reasonable price as parallel processing computers become available.
A canard-controlled missile airframe configuration with a twist-and-steer (or polar) controlsystem affords economies in design and kinematic performance but at present does not permit a direct analytical solution for...
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A canard-controlled missile airframe configuration with a twist-and-steer (or polar) controlsystem affords economies in design and kinematic performance but at present does not permit a direct analytical solution for the optimum guidance and roll control autopilot laws. The development of a stable roll loop of adequate bandwidth and response is fundamental in a twist-and-steer missile. Whilst the application of modern control theory has been successfully applied to the design of aileron-constrained time-invariant cases, its extension to the nonlinear case requires further development. Roll loop design is commonly carried out using frequency-domain methods coupled with detailed mathematical modelling and digital simulation. The use of commercially available controlsystemdesign programs facilitates loop design and sensitivity studies across the operating envelope. Describing function techniques may be used to investigate limit cycle stability etc. The paper discusses the aerodynamics and the computer-aided design.< >
systemsimulation involves the construction of a computational analogue of a physical system-a process which has traditionally been associated with intemperate demands on processing time. This is more true today than ...
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systemsimulation involves the construction of a computational analogue of a physical system-a process which has traditionally been associated with intemperate demands on processing time. This is more true today than ever before. Complex large-scale plant simulators and process mimics are almost commonplace in some high-technology industries. In such settings, simulation may be used in both the design and validation of novel control strategies, as well as forming part of an operator training programme, or in cause-consequence diagnostics. The problem arises that as physical systems evolve in complexity, the dimensionality of the underlying dynamical equations can rise dramatically, creating an immense computational burden at simulation time. Often this may result in the violation of any real-time constraints, and the effects may become so acute as to render computer times that are excessive to the point of impracticality. Consequently, the authors are concerned with the development of parallel methodologies for such problems. Attention is focused on a necessarily restricted set of large-scale systems (LSS): those that are adequately described by high-dimensional sets of ordinary differential equations (ODE's) in state-space form. It should be noted however, that many of the general concepts relating to parallelism exploitation, extend to a much wider class of problems.< >
systemmodelling can be viewed as a sequence of transformations taking a physical system through a sequence of representations to obtain an appropriate systemmodel, in any of a number of forms. The first transformati...
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systemmodelling can be viewed as a sequence of transformations taking a physical system through a sequence of representations to obtain an appropriate systemmodel, in any of a number of forms. The first transformation is probably the most difficult to accomplish and always depends on the skill of the engineer: thus it probably cannot, and certainly should not, be completely automated. For this reason, it is important that the first representation should be 'close' in some sense to the physical system. Equally, it should contain enough information to generate all of the required models. Bond graphs are therefore chosen for the first representation in continuous systemmodelling. The intermediate transformations probably can, and certainly should, be completely automated. A set of tool for the purpose is described.< >
The Harrier Aircraft is capable of 'short take off and Vertical Landing' (STOVL) but is incapable of supersonic flight. designs for a supersonic replacement generally involve a power plant with more degrees of...
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The Harrier Aircraft is capable of 'short take off and Vertical Landing' (STOVL) but is incapable of supersonic flight. designs for a supersonic replacement generally involve a power plant with more degrees of freedom, requiring more complex control. The Harrier power plant is a single Pegasus gas turbine. The fuel flow to the engine determines the thrusts developed at the two front nozzles and two rear nozzles, in a predetermined way. control is relatively straightforward since a single input, fuel flow, determines the thrust output, and only small changes of pitch moment are produced. High pressure air from the engine is ducted to the wing tips and to the aircraft tail for the reaction controlsystem which enables aircraft pitch, roll, and yaw to be controlled and trimmed during hover and transition. The article describes work on power plant control for an aircraft concept known as Advanced vectored Thrust. Studies have been confined mostly to the hover case, using thermodynamic simulations of the engine, together with a simple airframe model. The first step was the design of a suitable engine controlsystem, which was subsequently modelled and integrated with the engine simulation. This was then included within the airframe model with a simplified controller in order to investigate the response of the airframe to engine thrust changes.< >
The role played by the reduced order model techniques in the problem of modelvalidation for control purposes is pointed out. The validation problem is formalized as a decision making problem and a knowledge-based app...
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The role played by the reduced order model techniques in the problem of modelvalidation for control purposes is pointed out. The validation problem is formalized as a decision making problem and a knowledge-based approach for the solution is outlined. There is a discussion of work in progress to investigate more efficient methodologies to attribute certainty factors in the rules illustrated.< >
Once a model has been developed, it is often the case that the tacit assumptions underlying its validity are forgotten or neglected. The paper addresses this question of well-posedness or model validity, as opposed to...
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Once a model has been developed, it is often the case that the tacit assumptions underlying its validity are forgotten or neglected. The paper addresses this question of well-posedness or model validity, as opposed to the question of model verification. The modelling process is outlined, and attention is drawn to the model boundary, the deductive theory and experimental laws, representation languages (mathematical and other representations), model abstraction and model resolution.< >
A systemmodel must represent the physical processes and enable reliable interpretations to be made, while not being too complicated computationally. The numerical solution procedure must be reliable and robust. The u...
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A systemmodel must represent the physical processes and enable reliable interpretations to be made, while not being too complicated computationally. The numerical solution procedure must be reliable and robust. The usual validation strategy for this point is to isolate subsets which are arranged to reflect the way in which the equations are derived. This does not directly indicate the number of solutions, but provides a basis for graphical representation of the equations which enables the common points to be identified. A parametric survey then generates response patterns from which general trends can be recognised, and this is important in validation.< >
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