This method of modelvalidation provides a numerical fidelity index, lambda , for the model and also gives confidence ranges for predictions of control and failure transients. The paper describes the method in detail ...
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This method of modelvalidation provides a numerical fidelity index, lambda , for the model and also gives confidence ranges for predictions of control and failure transients. The paper describes the method in detail and describes specific examples drawn from the nuclear industry. The distortion method of modelvalidation is based on analysing the differences between a rig or plant test record and the corresponding model prediction. An estimate is made of the distortion to the model that is necessary to make it follow the recorded transient precisely. This distortion is quantified in terms of parameter variations within the model and compared with the parameter variations that are acceptable from known approximations in the model. Hence, lambda =(acceptable distortion)/(necessary distortion). When the fidelity criterion lambda >or=1 is satisfied, the model distortion also provides a basis on which to estimate confidence limits for transient predictions. The examples given show this to be invaluable in assessing plant failure transients.< >
A technique for automatically determining the structure of linear discrete-time models from real data is briefly illustrated. For pole-placement controlsystemdesign, as shown in an example, it is essential that near...
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A technique for automatically determining the structure of linear discrete-time models from real data is briefly illustrated. For pole-placement controlsystemdesign, as shown in an example, it is essential that near, or exact, pole-zero cancellations should not occur within the model. It has been found that the Young's information criterion (YIC) statistic has consistently identified model structures that are free from such cancellations, and that subsequently result in good controlsystem performance. Naturally, some controlsystemdesign algorithms, for example predictive controllers, are insensitive to overparameterised models; however the YIC statistic is still useful, as it normally indicates the simplest model structure, which should result in minimum complexity controllers being designed.< >
A procedure for obtaining the emergency reserve characteristics required for power system economic loading is presented. Parameter sensitivity and economic analyses have shown the most critical parameters of the gener...
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A procedure for obtaining the emergency reserve characteristics required for power system economic loading is presented. Parameter sensitivity and economic analyses have shown the most critical parameters of the generating unit dynamic model to be governor droop, governor time lag and turbine HP fraction. It is known that governor droop can increase slowly over time, pointing to the economic importance of updating the unit models, and emergency reserve characteristics, in the light of data captured during each new generation loss incident.< >
Concerns the simulation and validation of brushless DC drive models. The combination of an AC machine, rotor position feedback and drive amplifier is normally classed as a brushless drive. With the improvement in powe...
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Concerns the simulation and validation of brushless DC drive models. The combination of an AC machine, rotor position feedback and drive amplifier is normally classed as a brushless drive. With the improvement in power electronic device technology, brushless DC drives are increasingly displacing conventional DC machines in high performance servo applications. A brushless machine is similar to a permanently excited synchronous machine in that the rotor carries permanent magnets which give rise to a very low inertia system whilst the stator typically has a three phase star-connected winding. The stator winding may be either distributed or concentrated leading to two generic machine types: those driven by trapezoidal and those by sinusoidal waveforms. The drive amplifier uses the position feedback information to synthesise the appropriate armature currents. Brushless drives were investigated because very high performance drives were required to meet the specification of a particular engineering problem. Demanding positional control of the drives was required (to within 0.0025 radians at 2500 r/min carrying high inertial loads). In order to achieve the best performance from the drives obtained, simulation was used to predict behaviour and performance, to aid design and attain greater understanding of the systems.< >
Major aspects of current research in the field of discrete event controlsystemdesign are identified, and the requirements for future research, in particular related to CAD methods and tools, are discussed. Existing ...
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Major aspects of current research in the field of discrete event controlsystemdesign are identified, and the requirements for future research, in particular related to CAD methods and tools, are discussed. Existing modelling methods for discrete and hybrid systems are summarised, then the establishment of a control theory and the derivation of controllers is discussed. The properties of hybrid and discrete event models include the ability to modelcontrol software directly.< >
SIMBOL2 provides free form and interactive block diagram entry and editing of system specifications, by careful choice of algorithms allowing continuous, digital and nonlinear elements to be mixed freely and by provid...
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SIMBOL2 provides free form and interactive block diagram entry and editing of system specifications, by careful choice of algorithms allowing continuous, digital and nonlinear elements to be mixed freely and by providing a fully menu driven environment with context sensitive help system running on an IBM PC, AT or PS2. These features are illustrated in the context of a typical industrial controlsystemdesign. The system chosen is a digital idle controlsystem for high speed diesel engines. The model contains time delays, discrete microprocessor control, engine inertia, and nonlinear torque characteristics. Simulated and actual performance are compared, and a predicted limit cycle confirmed. The advantages of the SIMBOL2 approach to analysis and design of practical industrial systems can be seen from the example.< >
The manner in which the software components are integrated into the knowledge-based modelling environment KEMS is referred to as 'medium coupling'. This is unlike 'loose coupling' which uses simple fil...
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The manner in which the software components are integrated into the knowledge-based modelling environment KEMS is referred to as 'medium coupling'. This is unlike 'loose coupling' which uses simple file transfers between modules, and 'tight coupling' which uses a single language for implementation. KEMS runs on PC 286 and 386 systems under MS DOS. An important reason for targetting onto these machines is the desire to make simulation tools available to a range of users at widely differing sites. The concepts within the prototype software are being evaluated using process models for gas distribution and control supplied by British Gas. The knowledge-acquisition front-end is being used to increase the model repertoire, and is itself being evaluated for use by engineers. Further knowledge-based tools which are to be added include an expert system adviser for simulation (to aid novice users), and modelvalidation aids. The overall aim is to make complex modelling and simulation methodologies accessible to a much wider range of engineers and other users than is currently achievable.< >
The authors have proposed an architecture for expert adaptive PID control which can be identified with both the model-based approach, incorporating a knowledge-based system, and the pattern recognition approach. The b...
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The authors have proposed an architecture for expert adaptive PID control which can be identified with both the model-based approach, incorporating a knowledge-based system, and the pattern recognition approach. The basic framework is essentially that of a generic self-tuning regulator comprising three modules; plant identification module; controller design module; and control implementation and validation module. The authors discuss the architecture.< >
Lucas are active in the design and specification of vehicle electrical power systems. It is required that the charging and storage system should be adequate for the demands placed on it during vehicle use. As the pace...
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Lucas are active in the design and specification of vehicle electrical power systems. It is required that the charging and storage system should be adequate for the demands placed on it during vehicle use. As the pace of change increases, and as weight and cost constraints tighten, it becomes necessary to assess proposed systems quickly, cheaply, and reliably before implementing in hardware. To this end a computer simulationmodel has been developed by the Lucas Research Centre, sponsored by other Lucas companies. The purpose of the simulationmodel is to predict the performance of an automotive electrical power system when exercised by a variety of duty cycles. The performance is defined by the system voltages at specific points (e.g. battery terminals, electronic control module), current flows between specific points (e.g. into/out of battery), and by state of charge (SOC) of the storage element. The model and its application are described.< >
simulation involves building a model where the movements of resources are represented. The model provides a framework in which the dynamic behaviour of a system can be observed. Each run of the model is an experiment ...
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simulation involves building a model where the movements of resources are represented. The model provides a framework in which the dynamic behaviour of a system can be observed. Each run of the model is an experiment in which the characteristics of the system are studied. To illustrate we will build a simple model of a man drinking pints of beer. The entities are the man, his glass and the barmaid. The activities are the man drinking his beer from the glass and the barmaid filling it.
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