In this paper a one to many optical interconnections system will be studied where the diffractive optical element is a surface relief grating. The groove profile to be studied is the rectangular slab profile, as this ...
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In this paper a one to many optical interconnections system will be studied where the diffractive optical element is a surface relief grating. The groove profile to be studied is the rectangular slab profile, as this is the simplest possible profile to study and manufacture. The effect of varying the size of the slab on the reflected and transmitted diffraction orders will be studied using the rigorous coupled wave analysis as published by M.G. Moharam, et al, (1982). It is possible to study more complicated profiles simply by decomposing the profile into a number of thin slabs of varying width. The aim of this study is to find a slab profile that will produce the most efficient fan-out operation.
Advances have occurred in liquid crystal technology that promise major improvements in the performance of spatial light modulators (SLMs). These are not based on electro-optic effects in the familiar nematic and chole...
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Advances have occurred in liquid crystal technology that promise major improvements in the performance of spatial light modulators (SLMs). These are not based on electro-optic effects in the familiar nematic and cholesteric phases, but on a number of newer electro-optic effects in chiral smectic liquid crystals. Here, we examine two of these electro-optic effects;the so called ferroelectric switching in chiral smectic C liquid crystals and electroclinic switching in chiral smectic A phases. We assess their prospects in electrically addressed spatial light modulators and emphasise the problems of obtaining in large arrays of pixels the same performance as can be obtained from single pixels. A hybrid technology, combining chiral smectic liquid crystals and silicon VLSI, is proposed as a means of obtaining addressable structures of large arrays of pixels. The problems and prospects of this hybrid technology are briefly reviewed.
This paper has discussed briefly the development of optical technology that in the future will allow the practical realization of parallel optical systems. To date space division multiplexing (the use of more than one...
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This paper has discussed briefly the development of optical technology that in the future will allow the practical realization of parallel optical systems. To date space division multiplexing (the use of more than one fibre to link a sink to a source) has not been considered a feasible proposition. This is due to high cost of optical components, restrictive splicing and connectorization technologies, the reliability of optical devices and the infancy of optical device manufacture. Over the past 2 years new optical technologies have emerged that indicate these limitations are being overcome and that cost-effective implementation of fibre-based parallel communications systems will be possible in the future. This paper investigates this proposition and describes the emerging multi-fibre interconnection technologies together with the general cost advantages that can be expected before detailing some potential applications.
This paper deals with the recording of 125μm diameter holographic lenses in silver halide emulsion to operate in the 1200-1600nm region, for optical fibre interconnect applications. Holographic materials are only sen...
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This paper deals with the recording of 125μm diameter holographic lenses in silver halide emulsion to operate in the 1200-1600nm region, for optical fibre interconnect applications. Holographic materials are only sensitive to visible light. This requires that recording is at a different wavelength from replay. The principle behind the recording method is that two coherent beams of light produce an interference pattern which modulates the refractive index of the holographic material. A transmission hologram recorded using spherically diverging beam and a pseuodo-collimated beam produced by fibres, when replayed by the conjugate of the collimated beam, can be used as a holographic lens to focus the incident light down to a small spot. If the focussed spot is a few microns in diameter, and significant power from the replay beam is diffracted into angular components within the numerical aperture of a receiving optical fibre, then the holographic lens would be of use in fibre to fibre coupling.
This paper describes a programmable optical interconnect device for use in 2-D optical information processing systems. The device may be thought of as a programmable liquid crystal grating and may be used in space var...
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This paper describes a programmable optical interconnect device for use in 2-D optical information processing systems. The device may be thought of as a programmable liquid crystal grating and may be used in space variant, space invariant or hybrid free space optical interconnection systems. The work reported here has concentrated on the moderately rapidly reconfigurable interconnect as this approach is likely to yield a useful and flexible interconnection system with presently available optical technology. The moderately rapidly reconfigurable interconnect would be updated at a much slower rate than the information flow rate non-reconfigurable interconnect. The type of system considered uses a device which consists of a 2-D array of independent electrooptically induced diffraction gratings. This approach is novel in that it combines the highly parallel 2-D array capabilities of a static holographic interconnect approach with the ability to reconfigure the interconnection pattern.
optical elements that produce multiple beams from a single source are essential components in optical parallel computing systems. In some applications the beam intensities have to be distributed according to some give...
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optical elements that produce multiple beams from a single source are essential components in optical parallel computing systems. In some applications the beam intensities have to be distributed according to some given weight matrix. Grating elements, with a binary phase structure, that produce multiple beams in one dimension, can be designed by the standard methods of Damman gratings. We take the approach that the beam splitter design has to be carried out fully in two dimensions. We have made a number of binary phase gratings that operate in the Fourier plane, next to a focusing lens or lens pair. The elements are designed to change the single focussed spot into an array of spots with a given distribution of intensity and given separation. We are only interested here in the intensity distribution in the focal plane, and therefore the distance between the focusing lens and the grating is unimportant. The design method we have developed is perfectly general. It can be used to produce any weight matrix distribution, provided there is inversion symmetry in the target.
The authors investigate and describe the emerging multi-fibre interconnection technologies together with the general cost advantages that can be expected before detailing some potential applications.
The authors investigate and describe the emerging multi-fibre interconnection technologies together with the general cost advantages that can be expected before detailing some potential applications.< >
A family of fixed and reconfigurable optical interconnectionnetworks offering the potential of terabit throughput are described. The designs are based on a bus architecture that combines space, wavelength and other m...
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A family of fixed and reconfigurable optical interconnectionnetworks offering the potential of terabit throughput are described. The designs are based on a bus architecture that combines space, wavelength and other multiplexing methods and has the following attractive features: graceful growth; wide-sense nonblocking operation; low space switch crosspoint count and simple control algorithm.< >
The practical implementation of an interconnection network based on D-fibre is described. Fabrication accuracies and wavelength dependence are discussed and shown to be within design limits. Initial experimental resul...
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The practical implementation of an interconnection network based on D-fibre is described. Fabrication accuracies and wavelength dependence are discussed and shown to be within design limits. Initial experimental results are given, and an example application described.< >
The authors outline the aspects of wavelength routing in the context of both telecommunications and computer networks. Experimental results on network range and the use of both semiconductor and fibre based optical am...
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The authors outline the aspects of wavelength routing in the context of both telecommunications and computer networks. Experimental results on network range and the use of both semiconductor and fibre based optical amplifiers to extend both the range and splitting capability are presented. Finally the use of active optical devices, for example amplifiers, to provide network switching functions are discussed.< >
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