The Active Cruise control (ACC) system must be cheap, small, robust and reliable if it is to be adopted by vehicle manufacturers. Since the system also has to operate within the European and the USA allocated millimet...
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The Active Cruise control (ACC) system must be cheap, small, robust and reliable if it is to be adopted by vehicle manufacturers. Since the system also has to operate within the European and the USA allocated millimetric frequency band, 76-77 GHz, these requirements have provided significant challenges to the Microwave Systems Engineer. As a result, until fairly recently, ACC has remained an interesting research and development project. However with the growth and implementation of new technologies, Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs) and high speed Digital Signal processing (DSP), a number of practical systems are now becoming commercially viable. This paper will describe both the technical and commercial requirements of a practical system and will discuss the front-end integration of the microwave transmit/receive (TX/RX) unit and electronics. Particular attention will be paid to the performance and cost requirements of key components, particularly the 77 GHz oscillator. The discussion will comment on whether recentadvances in gallium arsenide (GaAs) millimetric MMIC's (High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) and Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HJBT)) have the potential of meeting the oscillator performance and offering a reduction in cost when compared with the more established technologies Gunn effect technology.
Low pressure plasma micro-machining etches require rates and mask selectivities far greater than those normally associated with microelectronic device fabrication. Induction coupled plasma generation with separate rf ...
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Low pressure plasma micro-machining etches require rates and mask selectivities far greater than those normally associated with microelectronic device fabrication. Induction coupled plasma generation with separate rf bias applied to the substrate is an appropriate strategy for process pressures around 1 Pa. The different means of creating stable plasmas with dual excitation will be discussed: phase locked supplies, electrostatically screening, and dual frequency excitation. Practical aspects of process tool design will be considered: plasma source design, wafer temperature control, plasma striking, and material selection. Process strategies and process results, including aspect ratio dependent etch rate, will be discussed, with their implications for micromachining designs.
UV curing, the process of photoinitiated conversion of polymeric materials from a liquid to a solid, is rapidly becoming a popular alternative to conventional drying. The number and variety of applications for UV cura...
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UV curing, the process of photoinitiated conversion of polymeric materials from a liquid to a solid, is rapidly becoming a popular alternative to conventional drying. The number and variety of applications for UV curable inks, coatings, and adhesives continue to expand at a rapid pace, and pose new design challenges to increase cure efficiency, speed, and the physical properties of the cured polymer film. The latest developments in microwave powered lamps for industrial processing are presented. Among these are: (1) the selection and control of the lamp emission spectra to match the optical properties of the film and its photoinitiator, (2) sustained high power lamp operation at 6 kilowatts, and (3) the use of absorptive dichroic reflectors to manage the relative components of UV and infrared energy in the highly focused radiation delivered to surfaces being processed. The ability of a high power UV lamp system to provide a nearly constant output over thousands of hours of operation is, in large measure, a function of its design, construction, and materials. Five-thousand-hour lamps are now a practical reality.
The proposed drive system serves to evaluate the impact of parallelprocessing on motor drive control applications, when effort can be turned away from low-level implementation as a result of emergence of some dedicat...
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The proposed drive system serves to evaluate the impact of parallelprocessing on motor drive control applications, when effort can be turned away from low-level implementation as a result of emergence of some dedicated parallel processors. Whereas a simplistic approach to outline some salient features of the system is adopted here, a more detailed description of the system can be found in a recent publication. Some salient features of the drive system include real-time generation of pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveforms, programmable soft-starting, on-line user input for PWM parameters, dynamic braking and open loop vector control.
The inherent advantages of the induction motor in variable speed drive applications can now be realized in a cost-effective manner as a result of the recentadvances in both power electronics and microelectronics. The...
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The inherent advantages of the induction motor in variable speed drive applications can now be realized in a cost-effective manner as a result of the recentadvances in both power electronics and microelectronics. The emphasis on AC variable speed drive system design has recently shifted from achieving efficient and reliable power conversion to improving the dynamic response of the drive. It has been envisaged that, with the emergence of more powerful processors, integrated drive systems comprising such features as simulation study, real time control, monitoring and diagnostics can be developed and engineered cost-effectively in the near future. One key approach to realise such drives is by means of parallelprocessing. It is however important to identify different parallel structures within the drive system and to allocate a carefully balanced load to each processor (load balancing), if the benefits of parallelprocessing are to be reaped. parallelprocessing application in induction motor drive systems has only been considered recently and very limited literature is available. Whereas research activities in applying parallelprocessing in other fields (e.g. image processing) are very active, the search, rather than research, in this area must therefore be sustained. This paper describes the initial development of an integrated induction motor drive system by means of parallelprocessing.< >
recentadvances in information set decoding techniques for cyclic block codes have made it possible to combine the well-known error trapping decoding technique with an information set decoding technique which splits t...
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recentadvances in information set decoding techniques for cyclic block codes have made it possible to combine the well-known error trapping decoding technique with an information set decoding technique which splits the received word into two or more sections. The result is a combined splitting and error trapping soft-decision algorithm which has better performance and/or lower complexity than the most effective existing algorithms (i.e. the Chase (1972) and Wolf algorithms). This makes the algorithm a strong candidate for applications where the advantage of high performance block codes are of interest, such as in packet radio and mobile radio systems. The new combined algorithm is ideally suited for DSP implementation.< >
The computation of the highly coupled dynamic equations has always posed a bottleneck in real-time dynamic control of robot manipulators. recentadvances in VLSI technology make it possible to implement new algorithms...
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The computation of the highly coupled dynamic equations has always posed a bottleneck in real-time dynamic control of robot manipulators. recentadvances in VLSI technology make it possible to implement new algorithms that compute these equations and meet real-time constraints. parallelprocessing techniques can now be used to reduce the computation time for models of a highly mathematical nature such as the dynamical modelling of robot manipulators. In this paper an attempt is made to review the subject of the parallel computation of robot dynamics. Moreover, a new and highly efficient technique is introduced to solve this problem. A simplified form of the Lagrange - Euler is divided into subtasks and distributed on to a parallelprocessing system. The development (parallel processor) system employs several INMOS transputers running the OCCAM concurrent programming language. Further, the system is used to introduce parallelism to robot dynamics through different task allocation strategies. These strategies flow naturally from the Lagrange - Euler formulation. The cost effectiveness and speed of the algorithm are demonstrated by a case study (Stanford arm). Comparisons are made between uniprocessor (von Neumann) and parallel implementations of the algorithm. Several measures such as utilisation, efficiency, and speed up are used to evaluate the performance of the employed networks and task allocations.
Modern dynamic simulation in the continuous process industries is based around the successive solution of the (usually large) set of differential, algebraic and integer equations describing the time dependent behaviou...
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Modern dynamic simulation in the continuous process industries is based around the successive solution of the (usually large) set of differential, algebraic and integer equations describing the time dependent behaviour of a process plant with associated control and protection systems. The equations are the physical realisation of the abstract model used to represent the plant. Process plants are inherently time varying. Dynamic simulation can provide insight and solutions not available through other techniques. Simulations of all but the simplest plants are very demanding on computer power and, to a lesser extent, on memory. recent rapid advances in computing power have had a dramatic effect on the importance of dynamic simulation throughout the processing industries. The increased availability of power has been accompanied by improved user interface design, particularly with the recent advent of, the X-window system standard. Applications produced for Unix based systems are usually 'open' which tends to prolong their useful life and makes on-going development more cost effective. Trends in simulation methods are discussed. There is, the possibility of a huge jump in power availability at a reasonable price as parallelprocessing computers become available.
Describes work which is aimed at improving the naturalness of copy synthesised female speech produced using a software implementation of the JSRU parallel formant synthesiser. The motivation behind this work is drawn ...
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Describes work which is aimed at improving the naturalness of copy synthesised female speech produced using a software implementation of the JSRU parallel formant synthesiser. The motivation behind this work is drawn from a number of recent publications which show that excitation specific effects relating to the shape of the excitation spectrum contribute significantly to the naturalness of synthetic female speech. An attempt is made to model a number of known excitation effects by dynamically changing the voice mix and mark-space ratio control signals using information obtained from a laryngographic signal. To accommodate such excitation effects, modifications are made to the bandwidth and frequency values stored in the synthesisers parameter control file. Copy synthetic speech produced using a number of different parameter combinations are compared through subjective testing and results presented.< >
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