The analysis of electronic systems entails the use of sophisticated mathematical techniques. Computer simulation is an attractive idea, in that it allows engineers to analyze their designs faster. In the field of auto...
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The analysis of electronic systems entails the use of sophisticated mathematical techniques. Computer simulation is an attractive idea, in that it allows engineers to analyze their designs faster. In the field of automotive electronics, a variety of technology is encountered. This covers digital and analogue electronics and extends through to electromechanical devices for input and output. The whole system can become sufficiently complex that the simulation of such a system can itself be a time consuming process. An important influencing factor on simulation efficiency is the choice of model. It is popularly thought that a given device has a 'good' or a 'bad' model. In fact, the same device or system can be modelled to varying degrees of accuracy (or in greater or lesser detail). An understanding of how to choose the appropriate level of model is essential to the successful use of simulation.
SWOOPVR is a combination of the SWOOP mixed-mode industrial simulation language and VROOM VR graphics package. SWOOP is a simulation toolbox that runs under Turbo Pascal and allows the simulation of both discrete and ...
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SWOOPVR is a combination of the SWOOP mixed-mode industrial simulation language and VROOM VR graphics package. SWOOP is a simulation toolbox that runs under Turbo Pascal and allows the simulation of both discrete and continuous systems. On its own it allows simulation output as numerical data, statistical summaries, time-based graphs or 2-D animation. The VROOM graphics package can function independently as a VR toolbox, allowing the creation, placement and manipulation of 3-D objects within a virtual environment. VROOM runs on any 386 or 486 PC with only a VGA card required.
The developmental stages leading to the use of artificial neural network (ANN) in the automation of water clarification control are presented. Before ANN, the purchase of an equipment to automate dosing was considered...
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The developmental stages leading to the use of artificial neural network (ANN) in the automation of water clarification control are presented. Before ANN, the purchase of an equipment to automate dosing was considered a great success. However, the automated dosing system proved inaccurate at times. Analysis revealed some discrepancies between meter readings and laboratory readings on color at high turbidity. Chemists suggested that other variables such as temperature and conductivity may play a role in clarification control. It seemed that with more data available a more accurate law could be determined using ANN. Finally, ANN brought a clearer picture of the situation. Inferential estimation can therefore prove to be a cost-effective means of determining plant measurements for variables which are impractical to measure. By this means, it may also be possible to speed up the sampling time of a measured variable for more accurate control.
The paper presents some human factor issues in pen computing. Pen computing has distinct advantages in relation to users, tasks and products. It also offers an attractive and efficient interface for a variety of tasks...
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The paper presents some human factor issues in pen computing. Pen computing has distinct advantages in relation to users, tasks and products. It also offers an attractive and efficient interface for a variety of tasks and work situations. However, there are problems with current techniques for handwriting recognition both in terms of accuracy that users can achieve and the extent to which recognition failures can be understood and avoided. There is definitely a market for pen-based computingsystems and that applications range from spreadsheets, word processing, address book and etc. Applications differ in term of the balance of task components used. Indications show that those in which handwritten input recognition requirement is not a major task and where software support for the recognition interface provides effective guidance to the user is most effective.
A knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning system (KICS) under development in the domain of statutory building regulations is described using case histories from The Scottish Office's Building Directorate. A key a...
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A knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning system (KICS) under development in the domain of statutory building regulations is described using case histories from The Scottish Office's Building Directorate. A key aspect of reasoning in this domain is that much of the interpretation of the regulations is not stated directly in the regulatory documents but is derived from experience in applying them to particular cases.
A prototype for a robot was designed to serve as a model teleoperator for hazardous nuclear environments. It is part of a European research program called TELEMAN, which aims to develop advanced teleoperators (robots)...
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A prototype for a robot was designed to serve as a model teleoperator for hazardous nuclear environments. It is part of a European research program called TELEMAN, which aims to develop advanced teleoperators (robots) for similar conditions. The prototype is designed to be autonomous and highly reliable. Because recovery of stranded machine in nuclear environments may be almost impossible, it is designed not break down totally during work. With this prototype, a reliability model could be set up, identifying possible areas of concern and serving as the basis for the formulation of failure strategies. In addition, it could serve as a tool to set up a ranking of the components and subsystems with respect to radiation tolerance, thereby identifying areas where better equipment or alternative designs should be applied.
The paper addresses the specific problem of designing nonlinear dynamic optimal controlsystems, where the model employed to compute the optimal solution is different from reality. A mathematical model, which is an es...
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The paper addresses the specific problem of designing nonlinear dynamic optimal controlsystems, where the model employed to compute the optimal solution is different from reality. A mathematical model, which is an essential constituent of a control system design technique, inevitably is an approximation of the real technological process that it represents. These model - reality differences may be introduced deliberately, in order to facilitate the mathematical aspects of the design and analysis, or arise due to uncertainties in knowledge of process mathematical structure and parameters. The challenge to the control designer is to achieve a control system that is robust to model uncertainties and to try to obtain a suitable design in spite of model reality differences. An approach known as Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation (ISOPE), inspired by Haimes and Wismer (1972), was developed by Roberts (1979) and Roberts and Williams (1981) for on - line steady - state optimization of industrial processes implemented through adjustment of regulatory controller set-points. The method is iterative in nature using repeated solutions of optimization and estimation of parameters within the model used for calculating the optimum. An important property of the ISOPE technique is that the iterations converge to the correct real optimum in spite of the model-reality differences. This paper describes recent research (Roberts, 1993) on the extension of the ISOPE principle to develop an iterative procedure for solving dynamic optimal control problems which specifically takes in to account that the model used in the computations is different, in structure and parameters, from reality. The work is a further development of Dynamic Integrated System Optimization and Parameter Estimation, DISOPE, first introduced by Roberts (1992), in which the convergence behaviour is improved through convexification, and an implementable algorithm based on a linear model and quadratic
Case-based reasoning (CBR) provides an effective way of overcoming problems in the diagnosis of building defects using expert systems. Although not completely easy, a non-computer programmer can successfully develop a...
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Case-based reasoning (CBR) provides an effective way of overcoming problems in the diagnosis of building defects using expert systems. Although not completely easy, a non-computer programmer can successfully develop a CBR system. CBR system can explain results by linking additional information to a case. In this work, explanation is often cited as an advantage of model-based reasoning (MBR) systems and a limitation of CBR. The CBR paradigm is contrasted to that of MBR, and characteristics that make a problem domain suitable for CBR are described. The implementation of a CBR system highlighting the good and bad features of the software used is also described.
Case-based explanations are very valuable in explaining the conclusions featured in knowledge-based systems. The production of explanations which explain and justify a solution with reference to past cases is presente...
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Case-based explanations are very valuable in explaining the conclusions featured in knowledge-based systems. The production of explanations which explain and justify a solution with reference to past cases is presented. A methodology for generating explanations is composed to let the user validate the explanation received. The research carried out is based on the existing expert system DIVA. The level of acceptance of the conclusions by an operator who does not always understand the reasoning steps of the system, is considerably enhanced. This was the case with DIVA which is based on vibration analysis, where its conclusions must be justified by connecting an explanation independent of the reasoning.
Computer technology has improved rapidly over the years, and with more powerful machines becoming ever smaller and cheaper;there is no indication of the trend slowing. The latest growth area is in portable personal co...
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Computer technology has improved rapidly over the years, and with more powerful machines becoming ever smaller and cheaper;there is no indication of the trend slowing. The latest growth area is in portable personal computers providing powerful facilities to the mobile user. Alongside this development has been improvements to the human computer interface (HCI) leading to the modern notebook computer. Recent developments in the HCI, especially the development of interfaces and support software based on a stylus have led to the concept of pen-computers. These can fully exploit this mobility as all user-computer interaction is conducted on the computer's display using a pen rather than a keyboard. The resulting machine could in principle be used with no more difficulty than a pen and paper. The major area of technological development required for such a device to become practicable is in the area of handwriting recognition as this is the obvious and necessary method for entering data onto such a device. Cursive script recognition (CSR) research aims to comprehend unconstrained, natural handwriting.
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