This colloquium proceedings contains eight papers. The topics included involve the development of microcontrollers for automobile applications. Specific topics are: microcontrollers for passenger safety;engine managem...
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This colloquium proceedings contains eight papers. The topics included involve the development of microcontrollers for automobile applications. Specific topics are: microcontrollers for passenger safety;engine management;Electronic control Units for highperformance cars;Digital Automobile System control Units for off the road combat vehicles;software and hardware development tools for microcontrollers;and modular integrated circuit microcontrollers.
A PID control structure is employed as the basis for a large number of industrial controllers, this is especially true as far as process control is concerned. The widespread use of such a structure is due partly to th...
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A PID control structure is employed as the basis for a large number of industrial controllers, this is especially true as far as process control is concerned. The widespread use of such a structure is due partly to the relative simplicity of the PID form, when compared with alternative controller frameworks, but is also due to the result that satisfactory performance is invariably obtained from a PID controller once the controller parameters have been well-tuned. For off-line manual control, the tuning procedure is fairly straightforward to carry out as only three feedback parameters (Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative) must be adjusted. The procedure is though very time consuming, particularly if high accuracy is necessary or if a large number of interactive loops are involved.
The author is a member of the performance Engineering division within British Telecom and the division undertakes performance evaluation on new equipment and services being introduced into BT's network. The author...
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The author is a member of the performance Engineering division within British Telecom and the division undertakes performance evaluation on new equipment and services being introduced into BT's network. The author's lecture concerns one example of such studies. An important feature of the new equipment is the use of processors to perform realtime control of the equipment and the services provided by the equipment. A control processor typically consists of a number of CPUs, a main memory and a secondary store, all being interconnected by databuses. In its real-time control environment, the processor must have an adequate rate of data transfer between its main memory and secondary store. This is the specific topic of the author's lecture.
Of the three areas of identification, estimation, and control there has been the least success in the first and the greatest in the last. In particular, 'highperformance' control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) ...
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Of the three areas of identification, estimation, and control there has been the least success in the first and the greatest in the last. In particular, 'highperformance' control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the activated sludge process has emerged as a popular target for analysis. The DO level is the only really controllable element of the biomass environment, its dynamics are fast and relatively well defined, and its control input (aeration) is expensive. Most importantly, the application of self-tuning control of the DO level, for example, has already been demonstrated at a full-scale treatment plant in Stockholm, Sweden. Otherwise, perhaps for the obvious reasons, one of the current trends in wastewater treatment plant control is towards the use of expert systems.
This paper is concerned with the design of a scheduled multivariable control scheme for a nonminimum-phase system. The plant considered is a gas-turbine powered, controllable-pitch propeller, marine-propulsion system,...
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This paper is concerned with the design of a scheduled multivariable control scheme for a nonminimum-phase system. The plant considered is a gas-turbine powered, controllable-pitch propeller, marine-propulsion system, which exhibits nonminimum-phase characteristics over part of its operating envelope. The propulsion system concerned is of the type shown and consists of a twin-shaft propulsion unit. Each shaft set is fitted with a controllable pitch propeller to enable reverse thrust to be developed without the need for reversing gearboxes, and is driven by a high-power Olympus 'sprint' gas turbine and a low-power Tyne 'cruise' gas turbine. Simultaneous operation of the Olympus and Tyne gas turbines on each shaft-set is not allowed. The main objective of the control system design considered here has been to regulate the propeller-shaft speed and torque, while ensuring that the performance of the overall system is not unnecessarily restricted by the control system.
There is no essential difference between a high voltage power supply for 200 degree C and one for room temperature operation, other than that caused by the less than ideal performance of many of the components. Common...
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There is no essential difference between a high voltage power supply for 200 degree C and one for room temperature operation, other than that caused by the less than ideal performance of many of the components. Commonly employed techniques for generating high voltages are reviewed, then the design of a small supply suitable for photomultiplier operation is discussed.
Photomultiplier parameters which change significantly with temperature are the following: i) Photocathode sensitivity - this deteriorates rapidly at temperatures beyond approx. 100 degree C. ii) The dark current is re...
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Photomultiplier parameters which change significantly with temperature are the following: i) Photocathode sensitivity - this deteriorates rapidly at temperatures beyond approx. 100 degree C. ii) The dark current is relatively insensitive to temperatures below approx. 100 degree C for the Na//2K Sb type photomultipliers;above this temperature the dark current varies exponentially with t. The combined effect of i) and ii) is to degrade the ability of the photomultiplier to recover small signals from the background. A simplified analysis is given, showing that there is an optimum sampling time for best signal-to-noise ratio when considering single component, exponential, pulses and dark current described by shot noise statistics. A demonstration of high temperature operation is given to illustrate some of the performance characteristics covered in the lecture.
作者：
Offen, R.J.GE plc
Hirst Research Cent Wembley Engl GE plc Hirst Research Cent Wembley Engl
This paper stresses that it is important for the development of advanced robotic systems, that the appropriate sensors (with their concomitant signal processing and computational facilities) be available when they are...
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This paper stresses that it is important for the development of advanced robotic systems, that the appropriate sensors (with their concomitant signal processing and computational facilities) be available when they are needed. There is a wide range of actual and potential sensing devices, for use in robotics applications, which can be divided into three major categories including internal sensing, contact sensing and range sensing. It is pointed out that one major problem which still remains to be solved is that of how to efficiently process and use sensor-derived information, especially two and three dimensional image information for control purposes.
The problems of conventional automotive wiring harnesses and how they can be minimised by multiplexing are discussed. The multiplexed wiring harness replaces the conventional harness with a cable bus carrying power an...
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The problems of conventional automotive wiring harnesses and how they can be minimised by multiplexing are discussed. The multiplexed wiring harness replaces the conventional harness with a cable bus carrying power and time-division multiplexed control signals to electronic modules that decode the control signals and activate power switches accordingly. An experimental multimicrocomputer multiplexing system is described. It has a centralised processing unit (CPU) and up to eight local processing units (LPU) interconnected to the cable bus. The electronic harness is controlled by the CPU which processes all inputs to the system and then transmits commands to the LPUs for control of each function of the electrical system. The CPU is located in close proximity to the dashboard and the majority of control inputs are directly wired into the CPU board. The LCUs are located in areas of high load density in the vehicle. Connections between the LPUs and the peripheral electrical equipment are made by small subharnesses, in most cases by a single fly lead. An LPU will only respond to a command signal from the CPU when the command address and its own address match. To eliminate the problem of spurious commands occurring owing to electrical interference, the CPU employs the repeated transmission method for communication. The switching channels have two commands associated with them: one to turn on and one to turn off. Following reception of these commands, there is a time slot available during which the LPU sends back to the CPU diagnostic information relating to the performance of the load controlled by the channel. The system incorporates a number of failsafe features to avoid potentially dangerous situations arising in the event of a CPU failure or damage occurring to the system.
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