To design, implement and operate an efficient manufacturing organizations today, a systems view is necessary;this picture is further complicated as manufacturing systems are also dynamic in nature. Holistic design of ...
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To design, implement and operate an efficient manufacturing organizations today, a systems view is necessary;this picture is further complicated as manufacturing systems are also dynamic in nature. Holistic design of manufacturing systems, that is using dynamic systems thinking based on business strategy, can help to optimize technical, organizational and human factors in new system implementation. During the last decade numerous packages for the simulation of manufacturing systems have been developed as a support for the analysis and design of these systems. Simulation has traditionally concentrated on details, which is important at the design stage, but many of the total system aspects such as machine, organization and human aspects are lost. This paper presents the concept of a virtual arena as a means of approaching the holistic design of manufacturing systems;the literature relating to this concept is also presented in outline. Special interest is placed upon work relating to the total or holistic view of manufacturing organizations. Current research initiatives in Scandinavia are also presented.
A number of techniques are available for improving reliability and avoiding unplanned maintenance in rail vehicle traction and braking systems. In this paper the most relevant techniques from classical monitoring to t...
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A number of techniques are available for improving reliability and avoiding unplanned maintenance in rail vehicle traction and braking systems. In this paper the most relevant techniques from classical monitoring to the more recent model based methods are reviewed. Although available for some years, many of the classical methods are often not used because of the added instrumentation cost. With increasingly tighter slip and slide control requirements more sophisticated control strategies, many of which make use of state variable observers, are being used. As a result the use of modern fault detection algorithms are enabled at little extra cost. Possibilities for observer design for fault tolerant control in the face of sensor failures are also explored in the paper.
Hypermedia and hypertext systems have much to offer to the information age. However, hypertext systems reported have been poorly designed, hence, they did not provide information in an appropriate format for users. To...
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Hypermedia and hypertext systems have much to offer to the information age. However, hypertext systems reported have been poorly designed, hence, they did not provide information in an appropriate format for users. To solve this problem, a radical shift in hypertext design is suggested: rather that using links as programmable features, it is suggested that nodes be made more sophisticated. Nodes ought to be defined in terms of specific properties. The properties of the nodes is then be the links, and exhibit such characteristics as inheritance, membership, etc. Users will allocate certain properties to nodes, and these properties form the basis of links. In practice, it is proposed that the form of interaction with the text would be similar to content analysis techniques. Content analysis is a technique for analyzing the content of documents. This technique is described further in this paper.
The appropriate timing of a route guidance instruction is critical to the safety and acceptability of route guidance systems. If an instruction is given too early, the driver is likely to forget the information while ...
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The appropriate timing of a route guidance instruction is critical to the safety and acceptability of route guidance systems. If an instruction is given too early, the driver is likely to forget the information while attending to other driver tasks. Giving the instruction too late may cause the driver to hit the brakes suddenly or maintain safe driving but miss the maneuver completely. The most obvious criteria on which to base the timing of an instruction is the distance to the junction or predicted time to the junction based on current speed. Timing should also be adjusted according to passing vehicles and the number of traffic signals passed.
A vital element of any biscuit making line is the biscuit roller, which forms the actual biscuit shape in dough prior to the baking process. The design of a biscuit molding roller is a highly skilled task, and require...
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A vital element of any biscuit making line is the biscuit roller, which forms the actual biscuit shape in dough prior to the baking process. The design of a biscuit molding roller is a highly skilled task, and requires a number of factors to be considered. Spooner-Vicars has been manufacturing engraved biscuit rollers for many decades, using traditional engineering practices. This paper discusses a case study within the company and relates to the application of the reconfiguration of existing manufacturing systems during the implementation of a manufacturing strategy.
This paper addresses several profound issues in meeting the efficiency and time-to-market challenges faced by hardware and software systemsdesigners. It addresses the need for high-level techniques for structuring, p...
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This paper addresses several profound issues in meeting the efficiency and time-to-market challenges faced by hardware and software systemsdesigners. It addresses the need for high-level techniques for structuring, parameterizing, and composing designs. It also addresses the need for incremental and flexible development and verification procedures for both hardware and software, so that users can choose the desired compromise between design quality and development time. It also addressed the need for multi-level visualization and performance assessment: an architectural model for behavioral analysis, and a system model to take into account the complexity of real devices. Current work involves integrating these models and tools into a coherent framework, and investigating their effectiveness for practical designs.
Handy 1 has been developed as a robotic aid to independence for the severely disabled. Originally, Handy 1 was designed to meet the needs of a 12 year old boy with cerebral palsy who wanted independence during mealtim...
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Handy 1 has been developed as a robotic aid to independence for the severely disabled. Originally, Handy 1 was designed to meet the needs of a 12 year old boy with cerebral palsy who wanted independence during mealtimes. The first prototype was based on a Cyber 310 robot with five degrees of freedom plus gripper and a press sensitive pad as the human machine interface. Several modifications have been made of the original design to accommodate the special needs of people with varying degrees of disabilities.
During recent years, in the field of real-time instrumentation and process control, there has been a trend to keep away from centralised control system. The specification requirements for designing a complete distribu...
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During recent years, in the field of real-time instrumentation and process control, there has been a trend to keep away from centralised control system. The specification requirements for designing a complete distributed system in the instrumentation and process control environment are not well known. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part we present the specification requirements in order to design the distributed systems. Distributed control by using fieldbus technology is only the first step to the application of intelligence in the field devices. Hence in the second part we review the fieldbus technology, state the current status of the international fieldbus standards and differentiate conventional LANs (Local Area Networks) from the fieldbus technology as both are used in the distributed systems. Then some of the standard fieldbuses with their characteristics are described. In the distributed systems optimisation of response time plays an important role at the time of designing the control architecture. In the third part we propose channel division multiplexing method in order to optimise the response time. Finally we explain what the distributed systems are really demanding from the fieldbus technology.
The DRIVE II project EDDIT (Elderly and Disabled Drivers' Information Telematics) has evaluated a number of in-vehicle telematic systems in terms of their potential value in extending the safe driving life of the ...
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The DRIVE II project EDDIT (Elderly and Disabled Drivers' Information Telematics) has evaluated a number of in-vehicle telematic systems in terms of their potential value in extending the safe driving life of the elderly. Among the devices tested have been two reversing aids, three types of route guidance system and a head-up night vision enhancement system. The systems studied lead potentially to an increase in the driver's visual and mental workload. The safety implications of using such devices are very important for elderly people who may have difficulty dealing with the mental and cognitive rigors of driving.
Increasingly, modern electronic systems are required to be mixed hardware/software systems. Traditional system development techniques do not cope with the needs of complex systems, and in particular with rapidly chang...
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Increasingly, modern electronic systems are required to be mixed hardware/software systems. Traditional system development techniques do not cope with the needs of complex systems, and in particular with rapidly changing requirements under time-to-market pressure. Hardware/Software codesign techniques offer considerable help in that they allow one to view an application as a flexible composition of properly encapsulated hardware and software components. Some of these components could be existing adaptable and reusable library components. This paper addresses the problem of hardware/software codesign when starting at the system-level. The input is a functional specification given in an executable language such as SDL. The codesign involves a number of interactive steps leading to an implementation composed of hardware and software components. The design decisions and refinement steps are made using an intermediate form called Solar. As shown in Figure 1, the steps needed to go from a functional specification to an implementation include system-level partitioning, communication synthesis, and virtual prototyping.
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