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18th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2004

作者： Lin, Ruei-Sung Ross, David Lim, Jongwoo Yang, Ming-Hsuan University of Illinois United States University of Toronto Canada Honda Research Institute United States

ISBN: (纸本)0262195348

This paper presents an adaptive discriminative generativemodel that generalizes the conventional Fisher Linear Discriminant algorithm and renders a proper probabilistic interpretation. Within the context of object tracking, we aim to find a discriminative generative model that best separates the target from the background. We present a computationally efficient algorithm to constantly update this discriminativemodel as time progresses. While most tracking algorithms operate on the premise that the object appearance or ambient lighting condition does not significantly change as time progresses, our method adapts a discriminative generative model to reflect appearance variation of the target and background, thereby facilitating the tracking task in ever-changing environments. Numerous experiments show that our method is able to learn a discriminative generative model for tracking target objects undergoing large pose and lighting changes.

关键词： Lighting

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3-D short-range localization device by low-cost CW-Doppler radar

3-D short-range localization device by low-cost CW-Doppler r...

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2005 ieeE Radar Conference

作者： Villien, C Fleck, V Ostertag, E Raymond, P French German Res Inst St Louis St Louis France

ISBN: (纸本)078038881X

Low cost and short range detection/localisation devices arouse a growing interest for civil and military applications such as automotive anti-collision radars or target detection devices used in active shielding. This field of application is principally devoted to FMCW radars, which allow a direct range measurement like pulsed radars, but are less expensive. In this paper we show that it is also possible, under some conditions, to perform a real time localisation based on CW radars only, by means of an adequate signal processing. The targeted application deals with short range localisation of very fast moving targets in order to engage an instantaneous riposte. In the second section of this paper, a principle for extracting the information of the position of a target from a Doppler signal is presented. Some algorithms that perform an estimation of the position within the time restrictions of our application is given in the third section. The following section focuses on the information theory, and gives some useful indications about the optimal configuration of such a detection device and the maximal theoretical performance achievable for it. Sections 5 and 6 are devoted respectively to some realisation aspects and to a few simulation results. Finally, some concluding remarks are provided in the last section. © 2005 ieeE.

关键词： target tracking estimation CW radar real time processing gradient optimization

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The civil air patrol ARCHER hyperspectral sensor system

The civil air patrol ARCHER hyperspectral sensor system

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Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and applications II

作者： Stevenson, B O'Connor, R Kendall, W Stocker, A Schaff, W Holasek, R Even, D Alexa, D Salvador, J Eismann, M Mack, R Kee, P Harris, S Karch, B Kershenstein, J Space Computer Corp. (United States) NovaSol Inc. (United States) Civil Air Patrol (United States) Air Force Research Lab. (United States) Naval Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819457728

The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is procuring Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) systems to increase their search-and-rescue mission capability. These systems are being installed on a fleet of Gippsland GA-8 aircraft, and will position CAP to gain real-world mission experience with the application of hyperspectral sensor and processing technology to search and rescue. The ARCHER system design, data processing, and operational concept leverage several years of investment in hyperspectral technology research and airborne system demonstration programs by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Each ARCHER system consists of a NovaSol-designed, pushbroom, visible/near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor, a co-boresighted visible panchromatic high-resolution imaging (HRI) sensor, and a CMIGITS-III GPS/INS unit in an integrated sensor assembly mounted inside the GA-8 cabin. ARCHER incorporates an on-board data processing system developed by Space Computer Corporation (SCC) to perform numerous real-time processing functions including data acquisition and recording, raw data correction, target detection, cueing and chipping, precision image geo-registration, and display and dissemination of image products and target cue information. A ground processing station is provided for post-flight data playback and analysis. This paper describes the requirements and architecture of the ARCHER system, including design, components, software, interfaces, and displays. Key sensor performance characteristics and real-time data processing features are discussed in detail. The use of the system for detecting and geo-locating ground targets in real-time is demonstrated using test data collected in Southern California in the fall of 2004.

关键词： Sensors target detection Image processing Cameras Data processing Image sensors Imaging systems Data acquisition Detection and tracking algorithms Hyperspectral imaging

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Variable rate particle filters for tracking applications

Variable rate particle filters for tracking applications

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ieeE/SP Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP)

作者： S. Godsill J. Vermaak Signal Processing Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge UK

Here we describe recent advances in particle filtering algorithms and models for tracking of manoeuvring objects in clutter. The methods develop on the basic variable dimension particle filtering algorithms introduced in S.J. Godsill and J. Vermaak (2004), in which a new type of dynamical model is introduced whose state variables arrive at unknown times relative to the observation process (hence 'variable rate'). targets are assumed to follow deterministic trajectories in between state times, determined by an appropriate model, such as the differential equation model for the object. The framework allows for automatic modelling and estimation of the trajectories of targets using an adaptation of particle filtering methods (A. Doucet et al., 2000) into the variable dimension setting. In this paper we introduce more effective sampling schemes for the variable rate setting that ensure future states are only generated as and when required, new dynamical models appropriate for manoeuvring objects, and new observation models under the assumption of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process for both targets and clutter. Simulations show very effective tracking performance under challenging settings which cannot be emulated in a standard fixed rate scheme

关键词： Particle filters Particle tracking target tracking Monte Carlo methods Filtering algorithms Trajectory Nonlinear filters Signal processing algorithms Differential equations Sampling methods

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target tracking 2004: algorithms and applications

Target Tracking 2004: Algorithms and Applications

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iee target tracking 2004: algorithms and applications

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Invariant-based probabilities target tracking and identification with GMTI/HRR measurements

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iee PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2004年第5期151卷 280-290页

作者： Hong, L Wu, S Layne, JR Wright State Univ Dept Elect Engn Dayton OH 45435 USA USAF Res Lab Target Recognit Branch Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

An invariant-based algorithm is presented for ground moving-target tracking and identification using ground moving-target indicator and high-resolution range measurements. The algorithm effectively exploits coupled information between target kinematics and identification spaces by introducing the concept of local and global motion. A geometrical invariant constraint based on the target rigidity principle is built into target kinematics and measurement models, which facilitate joint information exploitation. An interacting multiple template algorithm is developed to tightly work with a traditional tracker for joint tracking and identification. Besides providing target kinematics behaviour and identity information, the algorithm is capable of reconstructing the prominent physical structure of a moving target.

关键词： target tracking algorithms Ranging measurements Authentication kinematics

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Problems of mutilple-target tracking in vision-based applications

Problems of mutilple-target tracking in vision-based applica...

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iee target tracking 2004: Algoritms and applications

作者： Arj, M. Vahdati-Khajeh, E.

The basic principle filtering is developed in such a way that used in visual tracking applications and also for multi-target case in the same manner. Some observations models and related dynamics used in different applications and express some difficulties of the extension of the methods to new applications are also discussed. In multi target tracking algorithms, it is often assumed that the targets are moving according to independent Markovian dynamics. In the designing of a vision-based target tracking system, one of the critical decision is the feature selection and there is not any general solution for this problem.

关键词： Computer vision

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Artificial neural networks for calculating the association probabilities in multi-target tracking

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iee PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2004年第4期151卷 181-188页

作者： Turkmen, I Guney, K Erciyes Univ Dept Aircraft Elect & Elect Engn Civil Aviat Sch TR-38039 Kayseri Turkey Erciyes Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn TR-38039 Kayseri Turkey

A simple method based on the multilayered perceptron neural network architecture for calculating the association probabilities used in target tracking is presented. The multilayered perceptron is trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The tracks estimated by using the proposed method for multiple targets in cluttered and non-cluttered environments are in good agreement with the original tracks. Better accuracy is obtained than when using the joint probabilistic data association filter or the cheap joint probabilistic data association filter methods.

关键词： NEURAL networks (Computer science) PROBABILITY theory COMBINATIONS (Mathematics) MATHEMATICS ARTIFICIAL intelligence algorithms

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On high precision bearings only tracking for manoeuvring targets

On high precision bearings only tracking for manoeuvring tar...

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iee target tracking 2004: Algoritms and applications

作者： Clark, J.M.C. Vinter, R.B. Yaqoob, M.M. Data and Information Fusion Defence Technology Centre United Kingdom EEE Department Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2BT United Kingdom

The inherent pathologies are being developed in bearings only tracking and the limits on the performance of tracking algorithms. The target motions considered are modelled by a constant rate of turn model, that depends on a parameter relating to the angular rate of turn of the target. The main objective is to provide accurate estimates, for the shortest possible sequence of observations, of this angular turn rate parameter and the fractional rate of change of the range to the target. The formulation of the bearings only tracking problem is relevant in situations where information on t he range to the target is only intermittently available.

关键词： Bearings (machine parts)

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tracking with persistent, target-related, spurious measurements

Tracking with persistent, target-related, spurious measureme...

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iee target tracking 2004: Algoritms and applications

作者： Tham, S.-S. Pettifor, O. QinetiQ Cody Technology Park Farnborough Hants GU14 0LX

A particle filter approach is suggested for tracking targets in the presence of spurious measurements that are exhibit an unknown bias relative to the true target location. The filter is demonstrated for the tracking in the presence of possible wake corruption - i.e. sensor measurements may be "captured" by a wake behind the target.

关键词： Electric filters

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