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2022 20th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design, MEMOCODE 2022

2022 20th ACM-IEEE International Conference on Formal Method...

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20th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design, MEMOCODE 2022

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331905

The proceedings contain 14 papers. The topics discussed include: a novel approach to real-time contract based reasoning for hybrid systems;deriving pipeline models for timing analysis from high-level HDL processor designs;runtime interchange of enforcers for adaptive attacks: a security analysis framework for drones;origami: folding data structures to reduce timing side-channel leakage;robust hardware-software co-simulation framework for design and validation of hybrid systems;runtime verification for clinically interpretable arrhythmia classification;reach-avoid verification for time-varying systems with uncertain disturbances;towards efficient input space exploration for falsification of input signal class augmented STL;and lifecycle-based view on cyber-physical system models using extended hidden Markov models.

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Neuro-symbolic Generative AI Assistant for System Design 22

Neuro-symbolic Generative AI Assistant for System Design

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22nd international conference on formal methods and models for System Design

作者： Jha, Susmit Jha, Sumit Kumar Velasquez, Alvaro SRI Int Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Florida Int Univ Miami FL USA Univ Colorado Boulder CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378030;9798350378023

The design of complex cyber-physical systems involves balancing multiple, often conflicting performance objectives. In practice, some design requirements remain implicit, embedded in the intuition and expertise of seasoned designers who have worked on similar systems for years. These designers rely on their experience to explore a limited set of promising design candidates, evaluating or simulating them with detailed but computationally slow scientific models. The typical goal is to produce a diverse array of high-performing configurations that offer flexibility in trade-offs and avoid premature commitment to a specific design. In this invited talk, we describe an AI assistant that leverages neuro-symbolic machine learning to automate parts of the system design process. Our approach extends oracle-guided inductive synthesis by integrating a hierarchy of oracles, ranging from slow, detailed scientific models to faster but lower-fidelity deep neural network surrogates and symbolic rules. This approach accelerates design iterations, especially during early design phases. We employ deep generative models in the form of fine-tuned large language models to learn the valid design space, followed by joint exploration and optimization across this learned manifold. This allows the generation of a diverse set of optimal designs based on specified performance objectives.

关键词： design space exploration formal synthesis generative ai surrogate models system design

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Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of CPS 22

Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-En...

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22nd international conference on formal methods and models for System Design

作者： Wilson, Kurt Al Arafat, Abdullah Baugh, John Yu, Ruozhou Gu, Zhishan North Carolina State Univ Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378030;9798350378023

Autonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems, such as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal correctness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure their safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the continuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time domain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly challenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical models assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast, existing real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds but do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to physical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and constitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary physical models and computational models incorporated within a cyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between the computational and physical models, our verification framework enables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local environment instead of verifying against global worst-case assumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case scenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system supports several critical models and switches among the modes based on environmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of the proposed framework is reported.

关键词： formal methods Mixed-criticality Systems Real-Time Systems Temporal Verification

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Risk and Mitigation of Nondeterminism in Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems 23

Risk and Mitigation of Nondeterminism in Distributed Cyber-P...

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21st acm/ieee international Symposium on formal methods and models for System Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Bateni, Soroush Lohstroh, Marten Wong, Hou Seng Kim, Hokeun Lin, Shaokai Menard, Christian Lee, Edward A. Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ USA Tech Univ Dresden Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400703188

Asynchronous frameworks for distributed embedded systems, like ROS and MQTT, are increasingly used in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving, where the cost of unintended behavior is high. The loose coordination between the components in these frameworks gives rise to nondeterminism, where factors such as communication timing can lead to arbitrary ordering in the handling of messages. In this paper, we show that this problem compromises safety and complicates system design in Autoware. Auto 1.0, a popular open-source autonomous driving framework based on ROS 2. We extend the Lingua Franca coordination language to support distributed execution, port *** to Lingua Franca, and show that our solution avoids the identified problems. We assess the performance of our federated runtime implementation and show that it is competitive for this application. We also compare our achievable throughput to ROS 2 and MQTT using microbenchmarks and find that we can match or exceed the throughput of those frameworks while preserving determinism.

关键词： Distributed systems Deterministic models Languages Real-time and embedded systems

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Proceedings of the 19th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design, MEMOCODE 2021

Proceedings of the 19th ACM-IEEE International Conference on...

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19th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design, MEMOCODE 2021

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391276

The proceedings contain 15 papers. The topics discussed include: polynomial word-level verification of arithmetic circuits;simplification of numeric variables for PLC model checking;enforcement FSMs - specification and verification of non-functional properties of program executions on MPSoCs;learning optimal decisions for stochastic hybrid systems;a secure insulin infusion system using verification monitors;translating structured sequential programs to dataflow graphs;online monitoring of spatio-temporal properties for imprecise signals;verified functional programming of an IoT operating system’s bootloader;controller verification meets controller code: a case study;and translation of continuous function charts to imperative synchronous quartz programs.

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Deriving Pipeline models for Timing Analysis from High-Level HDL Processor Designs 20

Deriving Pipeline Models for Timing Analysis from High-Level...

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20th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Bensaid, Samira Ait Asavoae, Mihail Thabet, Farhat Jan, Mathieu Univ Paris Saclay CEA List F-91120 Palaiseau France

ISBN: (数字)9798350331905

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331905

Static worst-case timing analysis is important in the context of safety-critical systems as it is one approach that could be used to validate the required timing bounds. In order to derive accurate bounds, the worst-case timing analysis is performed under (micro)-architecture consideration, consequently, these bounds are expressed in processor cycles. The required (micro)-architecture models are usually constructed by hand, from processor manuals and validated through testing. Recent advances in hardware design promote open hardware initiatives and high-level Hardware Description Languages (HDLs), revisiting the perspectives to automatically construct (micro)architecture models for worst-case timing analysis. In this paper, we present an approach concerning the construction of pipeline datapath models from processor designs described in high-level HDLs. We propose a methodology based on the Chisel/FIRRTL Hardware Compiler Framework which we apply on several opensource RISC-V processors.

关键词： processor design WCET analysis pipeline datapath HDL languages

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Translation Titans, Reasoning Challenges: Satisfiability-Aided Language models for Detecting Conflicting Requirements 24

Translation Titans, Reasoning Challenges: Satisfiability-Aid...

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39th acm/ieee international conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Fazelnia, Mohamad Mirakhorli, Mehdi Bagheri, Hamid Univ Hawaii Manoa Honolulu HI 96822 USA Univ Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

ISBN: (数字)9798400712487

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712487

Detecting conflicting requirements early in the software development lifecycle is crucial to mitigating risks of system failures and enhancing overall reliability. While Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in natural language understanding tasks, they often struggle with the nuanced reasoning required for identifying complex requirement conflicts. This paper introduces a novel framework, SAT-LLM, which integrates Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers with LLMs to enhance the detection of conflicting software requirements. SMT solvers provide rigorous formal reasoning capabilities, complementing LLMs' proficiency in natural language understanding. By synergizing these strengths, SAT-LLM aims to overcome the limitations of standalone LLMs in handling intricate requirement interactions. The early experiments provide empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of our SAT-LLM over pure LLM-based methods like ChatGPT in identifying and resolving conflicting requirements. These findings lay a foundation for further exploration and refinement of hybrid approaches that integrate NLP techniques with formal reasoning methodologies to address complex challenges in software development.

关键词： Software Requirements Conflict Large Language models formal Reasoning Satisfiability SMT Conflict Detection LLMs Reasoning

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Lifecycle-Based View on Cyber-Physical System models Using Extended Hidden Markov models 20

Lifecycle-Based View on Cyber-Physical System Models Using E...

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20th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Schaffeld, Matthias Bernemann, Rebecca Weis, Torben Konig, Barbara Matkovic, Viktor Univ Duisburg Essen Fac Engn Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350331905

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331905

Many components of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are designed based on models that represent the assumed behavior of the CPS at the time of deployment. However, significant or continuous small changes in the CPS, as well as wear and tear reduce the effectiveness of the CPS and its model and may lead to a total failure of the overall system. In this paper, we propose a novel lifecycle-based view of CPS models. First, we define the model's lifespan as the period from the initial conception of the model until it is no longer fit to represent the system behavior. For better differentiation, a lifespan is divided into the initial, operation, and adaptation phases. In the initial phase, a known-good baseline performance metric is established for the model's suitability to reflect the system behavior. In the operation phase, the model is used for CPS analysis, data smoothing, and fault location while its suitability is monitored. The adaptation phase is intended for necessary adaptations to the model and to the CPS itself, which lead to new iterations. To implement these lifecycle augmentations of the CPS, we use formal modeling in the form of Hidden Markov models extended by unobservable transitions (.-HMMT) to represent the assumed system behavior and compare the data of the observed system behavior with this modeling. In addition, we are testing our proposed formalism by designing a CPS model based on smart home systems and running a simulation for validation. The simulation covers unforeseen system changes and corrupted data.

关键词： cyber-physical systems model lifecycle formal modeling model validation

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ORIGAMI: Folding Data Structures to Reduce Timing Side-Channel Leakage 20

ORIGAMI: Folding Data Structures to Reduce Timing Side-Chann...

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20th acm-ieee international conference on formal methods and models for System Design (MEMOCODE)

作者： Rothstein-Morris, Eric Sun, Jun Chattopadhyay, Sudipta Singapore Univ Technol & Design ISTD Singapore Singapore SMU Sch Comp & Informat Syst Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350331905

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331905

Timing channels in a program allow attackers to infer secret information being processed. To avoid introducing timing channels, programmers should follow Constant-Time Programming (CTP) guidelines or rely on repair tools that prevent leakage of information via timing channels. Existing repair tools prevent this leakage when programs have branches or loops whose behaviour depends on secrets;however, these repair tools do not efficiently prevent the leakage that occurs if the program accesses a data structure using secret indices. In this work, we present ORIGAMI, a set of repair rules to enforce constant read/write operations on fixed-size, multidimensional data structures so that accessing them via secret indices does not leak information. We implement ORIGAMI as a series of LLVM optimisation passes and evaluate ORIGAMI with programs from Tomcrypt and GDK libraries. Evaluation with the repaired programs using an accurate simulator (GEM5) confirms that our approach indeed repairs the timing channels in practice.

关键词： Program processors Maintenance engineering Data structures Hardware Data models Virtual machining Software

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Towards the formal Verification of SysML v2 models 24

Towards the Formal Verification of SysML v2 Models

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acm/ieee 27th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings (models)

作者： Molnar, Vince Graics, Bence Voros, Andras Tonetta, Stefano Cristoforetti, Luca Kimberly, Greg Dyer, Pamela Giammarco, Kristin Koethe, Manfred Hester, John Smith, Jamie Grimm, Christoph Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Artificial Intelligence & Syst Engn Budapest Hungary Fdn Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Boeing Co Seattle WA USA Naval Postgrad Sch Monterey CA USA 88solut Corp San Diego CA USA Imandra Austin TX USA Univ Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706226

Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is the de facto standard in the industry for modeling complex systems. SysML v2 is the new version of the language with reworked fundamentals. In this paper, we explore how the new formal semantics of SysML v2 can enable formal verification and various forms of automated reasoning. formal verification involves mathematically proving the correctness of a system's design with respect to certain specifications or properties. This rigorous approach ensures that models behave as intended under all possible conditions. Through a detailed examination, we demonstrate how five specific tools - Gamma, MP-Firebird, Imandra, SAVVS, and SysMD - can formally analyze SysML v2 models. We show how these tools support the different concepts in the language, as well as the set of features and technologies they provide to users of SysML v2, such as model checking, theorem proving, contract-based design, or automatic fault injections. We propose a workflow for applying formal methods on SysML v2 models, illustrated by example models and artifacts generated by the above tools.

关键词： SysML v2 systems modeling formal methods verification and validation automated reasoning tools

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