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Towards 3D vision with Low-Cost Single-Photon Cameras

Towards 3D Vision with Low-Cost Single-Photon Cameras

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Mu, Fangzhou Sifferman, Carter Jungerman, Sacha Li, Yiquan Han, Mark Gleicher, Michael Gupta, Mohit Li, Yin Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

We present a method for reconstructing 3D shape of arbitrary Lambertian objects based on measurements by miniature, energy-efficient, low-cost single-photon cameras. These cameras, operating as time resolved image sensors, illuminate the scene with a very fast pulse of diffuse light and record the shape of that pulse as it returns back from the scene at a high temporal resolution. We propose to model this image formation process, account for its non-idealities, and adapt neural rendering to reconstruct 3D geometry from a set of spatially distributed sensors with known poses. We show that our approach can successfully recover complex 3D shapes from simulated data. We further demonstrate 3D object reconstruction from real-world captures, utilizing measurements from a commodity proximity sensor. Our work draws a connection between image-based modeling and active range scanning, and offers a step towards 3D vision with single-photon cameras. Our project webpage is at https://***/ towards_3d_vision/.

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Sequential Modeling Enables Scalable Learning for Large vision Models

Sequential Modeling Enables Scalable Learning for Large Visi...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Bail, Yutong Geng, Xinyang Mangalam, Karttikeya Bar, Amir Yuille, Alan L. Darrell, Trevor Malik, Jitendra Efros, Alexei A. UC Berkeley BAIR Berkeley CA 94720 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We introduce a novel sequential modeling approach which enables learning a Large vision Model (LVM) without making use of any linguistic data. To do this, we define a common format, "visual sentences", in which we can represent raw images and videos as well as annotated data sources such as semantic segmentations and depth reconstructions with-out needing any meta-knowledge beyond the pixels. Once this wide variety of visual data (comprising 420 billion to-kens) is represented as sequences, the model can be trained to minimize a cross-entropy loss for next token prediction. By training across various scales of model architecture and data diversity, we provide empirical evidence that our models scale effectively. Many different vision tasks can be solved by designing suitable visual prompts at test time.

关键词： pretraining scaling Self-supervised Learning

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Context-based and Diversity-driven Specificity in Compositional Zero-Shot Learning

Context-based and Diversity-driven Specificity in Compositio...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Yun Liu, Zhe Chen, Hang Yao, Lina CSIROs Data61 Clayton Vic Australia Bytedance Ltd Beijing Peoples R China Snap Inc Santa Monica CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Compositional Zero-Shot Learning (CZSL) aims to recognize unseen attribute-object pairs based on a limited set of observed examples. Current CZSL methodologies, despite their advancements, tend to neglect the distinct specificity levels present in attributes. For instance, given images of sliced strawberries, they may fail to prioritize 'Sliced-Strawberry' over a generic 'Red-Strawberry', despite the former being more informative. They also suffer from ballooning search space when shifting from Close-World (CW) to Open-World (OW) CZSL. To address the issues, we introduce the Context-based and Diversity-driven Specificity learning framework for CZSL (CDS-CZSL). Our framework evaluates the specificity of attributes by considering the diversity of objects they apply to and their related context. This novel approach allows for more accurate predictions by emphasizing specific attribute-object pairs and improves composition filtering in OW-CZSL. We conduct experiments in both CW and OW scenarios, and our model achieves state-of-the-art results across three datasets.

关键词： compositional zero-shot learning transfer learning vision language model

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Efficient Test-Time Adaptation of vision-Language Models

Efficient Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Karmanov, Adilbek Guan, Dayan Lu, Shijian El Saddik, Abdulmotaleb Xing, Eric Mohamed bin Zayed Univ Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore Univ Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models has attracted increasing attention for tackling distribution shifts during the test time. Though prior studies have achieved very promising performance, they involve intensive computation which is severely unaligned with test-time adaptation. We design TDA, a training-free dynamic adapter that enables effective and efficient test-time adaptation with vision-language models. TDA works with a lightweight key-value cache that maintains a dynamic queue with few-shot pseudo labels as values and the corresponding test-sample features as keys. Leveraging the key-value cache, TDA allows adapting to test data gradually via progressive pseudo label refinement which is super-efficient without incurring any backpropagation. In addition, we introduce negative pseudo labeling that alleviates the adverse impact of pseudo label noises by assigning pseudo labels to certain negative classes when the model is uncertain about its pseudo label predictions. Extensive experiments over two benchmarks demonstrate TDA's superior effectiveness and efficiency as compared with the state-of- the-art. The code has been released in https://***/tda/.

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Learning to Predict Activity Progress by Self-Supervised Video Alignment

Learning to Predict Activity Progress by Self-Supervised Vid...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Donahue, Gerard Elhamifar, Ehsan Northwestern Univ Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

In this paper, we tackle the problem of self-supervised video alignment and activity progress prediction using in-the-wild videos. Our proposed self-supervised representation learning method carefully addresses different action orderings, redundant actions, and background frames to generate improved video representations compared to previous methods. Our model generalizes temporal cycleconsistency learning to allow for more flexibility in determining cycle-consistent neighbors. More specifically, to handle repeated actions, we propose a multi-neighbor cycle consistency and a multi-cycle-back regression loss by finding multiple soft nearest neighbors using a Gaussian Mixture Model. To handle background and redundant frames, we introduce a context-dependent drop function in our framework, discouraging the alignment of droppable frames. On the other hand, to learn from videos of multiple activities jointly, we propose a multi-head crosstask network, allowing us to embed a video and estimate progress without knowing its activity label. Experiments on multiple datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art for video alignment and progress prediction. (1)

关键词： computer vision in the wild procedural learning progress progress prediction representation learning self-supervised self-supervised representation learning unconstrained unconstrained videos Video Alignment video understanding

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ICON: Incremental CONfidence for Joint Pose and Radiance Field Optimization

ICON: Incremental CONfidence for Joint Pose and Radiance Fie...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Weiyao Gleize, Pierre Tang, Hao Chen, Xingyu Liang, Kevin J. Feiszli, Matt Meta FAIR Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) exhibit remarkable performance for Novel View Synthesis (NVS) given a set of 2D images. However, NeRF training requires accurate camera pose for each input view, typically obtained by Structure-from-Motion (SfM) pipelines. Recent works have attempted to relax this constraint, but they still often rely on decent initial poses which they can refine. Here we aim at removing the requirement for pose initialization. We present Incremental CONfidence (ICON), an optimization procedure for training NeRFs from 2D video frames. ICON only assumes smooth camera motion to estimate initial guess for poses. Further, ICON introduces "confidence": an adaptive measure of model quality used to dynamically reweight gradients. ICON relies on high-confidence poses to learn NeRF, and high-confidence 3D structure (as encoded by NeRF) to learn poses. We show that ICON, without prior pose initialization, achieves superior performance in both CO3D and HO3D versus methods which use SfM pose.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Transductive Zero-Shot and Few-Shot CLIP

Transductive Zero-Shot and Few-Shot CLIP

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Martin, Segolene Huang, Yunshi Shakeri, Fereshteh Pesquet, Jean-Christophe Ben Ayed, Ismail Univ Paris Saclay CVN Cent Supelec INRIA Paris France ETS Montreal Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Transductive inference has been widely investigated in few-shot image classification, but completely overlooked in the recent, fast growing literature on adapting vision-langage models like CLIP. This paper addresses the transductive zero-shot and few-shot CLIP classification challenge, in which inference is performed jointly across a mini-batch of unlabeled query samples, rather than treating each instance independently. We initially construct informative vision-text probability features, leading to a classification problem on the unit simplex set. Inspired by Expectation-Maximization (EM), our optimization-based classification objective models the data probability distribution for each class using a Dirichlet law. The minimization problem is then tackled with a novel block Majorization-Minimization algorithm, which simultaneously estimates the distribution parameters and class assignments. Extensive numerical experiments on 11 datasets underscore the benefits and efficacy of our batch inference approach. On zero-shot tasks with test batches of 75 samples, our approach yields near 20% improvement in ImageNet accuracy over CLIP's zero-shot performance. Additionally, we outperform state-of-the-art methods in the few-shot setting. The code is available at: https://***/SegoleneMartin/transductive-CLIP.

关键词： expectation-maximization few-shot text-vision models transductive learning zero-shot

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VicTR: Video-conditioned Text Representations for Activity recognition

VicTR: Video-conditioned Text Representations for Activity R...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kahatapitiya, Kumara Arnab, Anurag Nagrani, Arsha Ryoo, Michael S. SUNY Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Google Res Mountain View CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

vision-Language models (VLMs) have excelled in the image-domain- especially in zero-shot settings- thanks to the availability of vast pretraining data (i.e., paired image-text samples). However for videos, such paired data is not as abundant. Therefore, video- VLMs are usually designed by adapting pretrained image- VLMs to the video-domain, instead of training from scratch. All such recipes rely on aug-menting visual embeddings with temporal information (i.e., image -+ video), often keeping text embeddings unchanged or even being discarded. In this paper, we argue the contrary, that better video- VLMs can be designed by focusing more on augmenting text, rather than visual information. More specifically, we introduce Video-conditioned Text Representations (Vi c TR): a form of text embeddings optimized w.r.t. vi-sual embeddings, creating a more-flexible contrastive latent space. Our model canfurther make use offreely-available semantic information, in the form of visually- grounded aux-iliary text (e.g. object or scene information). We evaluate our model on few-shot, zero-shot (HMDB-51, UCF-10l), short-form (Kinetics-400) and long-form (Charades) activ-ity recognition benchmarks, showing strong performance among video-VLMs.

关键词： Activity recognition Video Understanding Video-conditioned Text vision-language models

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Projecting Trackable Thermal patterns for Dynamic computer vision

Projecting Trackable Thermal Patterns for Dynamic Computer V...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Sheinin, Mark Sankaranarayanan, Aswin C. Narasimhan, Srinivasa G. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Adding artificial patterns to objects, like QR codes, can ease tasks such as object tracking, robot navigation, and conveying information (e.g., a label or a website link). However, these patterns require a physical application and they alter the object's appearance. Conversely, projected patterns can temporarily change the object's appearance, aiding tasks like 3D scanning and retrieving object textures and shading. However, projected patterns impede dynamic tasks like object tracking because they do not 'stick' to the object's surface. Or do they? This paper introduces a novel approach combining the advantages of projected and persistent physical patterns. Our system projects heat patterns using a laser beam (similar in spirit to a LIDAR), which a thermal camera observes and tracks. Such thermal patterns enable tracking poorly-textured objects whose tracking is highly challenging with standard cameras while not affecting the object's appearance or physical properties. To avail these thermal patterns in existing vision frameworks, we train a network to reverse heat diffusion's effects and remove inconsistent pattern points between different thermal frames. We prototyped and tested this approach on dynamic vision tasks like structure from motion, optical flow, and object tracking of everyday textureless objects.

关键词： 3d reconstruction heat Heat diffusion laser optical flow slam structure from motion thermal tracking

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H-ViT: A Hierarchical vision Transformer for Deformable Image Registration

H-ViT: A Hierarchical Vision Transformer for Deformable Imag...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ghahremani, Morteza Khateri, Mohammad Jian, Bailiang Wiestler, Benedikt Adeli, Ehsan Wachinger, Christian Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany Munich Ctr Machine Learning Munich Germany Univ Eastern Finland Espoo Finland Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

This paper introduces a novel top-down representation approach for deformable image registration, which estimates the deformation field by capturing various short-and long-range flow features at different scale levels. As a Hierarchical vision Transformer (H-ViT), we propose a dual self-attention and cross-attention mechanism that uses high-level features in the deformation field to represent low-level ones, enabling information streams in the deformation field across all voxel patch embeddings irrespective of their spatial proximity. Since high-level features contain abstract flow patterns, such patterns are expected to effectively contribute to the representation of the deformation field in lower scales. When the self-attention module utilizes within-scale short-range patterns for representation, the cross-attention modules dynamically look for the key tokens across different scales to further interact with the local query voxel patches. Our method shows superior accuracy and visual quality over the state-of-the-art registration methods in five publicly available datasets, highlighting a substantial enhancement in the performance of medical imaging registration. The project link is available at https://***/hvit.

关键词： Deformable Image Registration Hierarchical cross-attention Medical Imaging vision Transformer

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