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FFCV: Accelerating Training by Removing Data Bottlenecks

FFCV: Accelerating Training by Removing Data Bottlenecks

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Leclerc, Guillaume Ilyas, Andrew Engstrom, Logan Park, Sung Min Salman, Hadi Madry, Aleksander MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

We present FFCV, a library for easy and fast machine learning model training. FFCV speeds up model training by eliminating (often subtle) data bottlenecks from the training process. In particular, we combine techniques such as an efficient file storage format, caching, data pre-loading, asynchronous data transfer, and just-in-time compilation to (a) make data loading and transfer significantly more efficient, ensuring that GPUs can reach full utilization;and (b) offload as much data processing as possible to the CPU asynchronously, freeing GPU cycles for training. Using FFCV, we train ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 on the ImageNet dataset with a state-of-the-art tradeoff between accuracy and training time. For example, across the range of ResNet-50 models we test, we obtain the same accuracy as the best baselines in half the time. We demonstrate FFCV's performance, ease-of-use, extensibility, and ability to adapt to resource constraints through several case studies. Detailed installation instructions, documentation, and Slack support channel are available at https://***/.

关键词： Efficient and scalable vision

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sRGB Real Noise Synthesizing with Neighboring Correlation-Aware Noise Model

sRGB Real Noise Synthesizing with Neighboring Correlation-Aw...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Fu, Zixuan Guo, Lanqing Wen, Bihan Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Modeling and synthesizing real noise in the standard RGB (sRGB) domain is challenging due to the complicated noise distribution. While most of the deep noise generators proposed to synthesize sRGB real noise using an end-to-end trained model, the lack of explicit noise modeling degrades the quality of their synthesized noise. In this work, we propose to model the real noise as not only dependent on the underlying clean image pixel intensity, but also highly correlated to its neighboring noise realization within the local region. Correspondingly, we propose a novel noise synthesizing framework by explicitly learning its neighboring correlation on top of the signal dependency. With the proposed noise model, our framework greatly bridges the distribution gap between synthetic noise and real noise. We show that our generated "real" sRGB noisy images can be used for training supervised deep denoisers, thus to improve their real denoising results with a large margin, comparing to the popular classic denoisers or the deep denoisers that are trained on other sRGB noise generators. The code will be available at https://***/xuan611/sRGB-Real-Noise-Synthesizing.

关键词： Low-level vision

来源：评论

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JAWS: Just A Wild Shot for Cinematic Transfer in Neural Radiance Fields

JAWS: Just A Wild Shot for Cinematic Transfer in Neural Radi...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Xi Courant, Robin Shi, Jinglei Marchand, Eric Christie, Marc Univ Rennes CNRS INRIA IRISA Rennes France Ecole Polytech IP Paris LIX Paris France Nankai Univ VCIP CS Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

This paper presents JAWS, an optimization-driven approach that achieves the robust transfer of visual cinematic features from a reference in-the-wild video clip to a newly generated clip. To this end, we rely on an implicit-neural-representation (INR) in a way to compute a clip that shares the same cinematic features as the reference clip. We propose a general formulation of a camera optimization problem in an INR that computes extrinsic and intrinsic camera parameters as well as timing. By leveraging the differentiability of neural representations, we can back-propagate our designed cinematic losses measured on proxy estimators through a NeRF network to the proposed cinematic parameters directly. We also introduce specific enhancements such as guidance maps to improve the overall quality and efficiency. Results display the capacity of our system to replicate well known camera sequences from movies, adapting the framing, camera parameters and timing of the generated video clip to maximize the similarity with the reference clip.

关键词： vision + graphics

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Pose Tutor: An Explainable System for Pose Correction in the Wild

Pose Tutor: An Explainable System for Pose Correction in the...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Dittakavi, Bhat Bavikadi, Divyagna Desai, Sai Vikas Chakraborty, Soumi Reddy, Nishant Balasubramanian, Vineeth N. Callepalli, Bharathi Sharma, Ayon IIT Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India Variance AI Hyderabad India

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Under the new norm of working from home, demand for fitness from home is on the rise. Different exercise forms solve different fitness needs for different people. Yoga gives flexibility and relieves stress. Pilates strengthens the muscles. Kung Fu brings balance. It is not feasible for everyone to hire a personal trainer. In this paper, we develop Pose Tutor, an AI-based explainable pose recognition and correction system. Pose Tutor combines vision and pose skeleton models in a novel coarse-to-fine framework to obtain pose class predictions. An angle-likelihood mechanism is used to explain which human joints maximally caused the pose class predictions and also correct any wrongly formed joints. Even without keypoint level training, Pose Tutor shows promising results on Yoga-82, Pilates-32, and Kungfu-7 datasets. Additionally, user studies conducted with multiple domain experts validate the explanations provided by our framework.

关键词： Training computer vision conferences Predictive models Muscles Skeleton pattern recognition

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Spectral Bayesian Uncertainty for Image Super-resolution

Spectral Bayesian Uncertainty for Image Super-resolution

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Liu, Tao Cheng, Jun Tan, Shan Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Recently deep learning techniques have significantly advanced image super-resolution (SR). Due to the black-box nature, quantifying reconstruction uncertainty is crucial when employing these deep SR networks. Previous approaches for SR uncertainty estimation mostly focus on capturing pixel-wise uncertainty in the spatial domain. SR uncertainty in the frequency domain which is highly related to image SR is seldom explored. In this paper, we propose to quantify spectral Bayesian uncertainty in image SR. To achieve this, a Dual-Domain Learning (DDL) framework is first proposed. Combined with Bayesian approaches, the DDL model is able to estimate spectral uncertainty accurately, enabling a reliability assessment for high frequencies reasoning from the frequency domain perspective. Extensive experiments under non-ideal premises are conducted and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spectral uncertainty. Furthermore, we propose a novel Spectral Uncertainty based Decoupled Frequency (SUDF) training scheme for perceptual SR. Experimental results show the proposed SUDF can evidently boost perceptual quality of SR results without sacrificing much pixel accuracy.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Dataset Distillation by Matching Training Trajectories

Dataset Distillation by Matching Training Trajectories

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cazenavette, George Wang, Tongzhou Torralba, Antonio Efros, Alexei A. Zhu, Jun-Yan Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Dataset distillation is the task of synthesizing a small dataset such that a model trained on the synthetic set will match the test accuracy of the model trained on the full dataset. In this paper, we propose a new formulation that optimizes our distilled data to guide networks to a similar state as those trained on real data across many training steps. Given a network, we train it for several iterations on our distilled data and optimize the distilled data with respect to the distance between the synthetically trained parameters and the parameters trained on real data. To efficiently obtain the initial and target network parameters for large-scale datasets, we pre-compute and store training trajectories of expert networks trained on the real dataset. Our method handily outperforms existing methods and also allows us to distill higher-resolution visual data.

关键词： Training Visualization computer vision conferences Trajectory Task analysis pattern matching

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PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for vision-Language Models

PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for Vision-Langua...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Zheng Li, Xiang Fu, Xinyi Zhang, Xin Wang, Weiqiang Chen, Shuo Yang, Jian Nankai Univ Coll Comp Sci PCA Lab VCIP Tianjin Peoples R China NKIARI Shenzhen Futian Peoples R China Ant Grp Tiansuan Lab Hangzhou Peoples R China RIKEN Wako Saitama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Prompt learning has emerged as a valuable technique in enhancing vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP for downstream tasks in specific domains. Existing work mainly focuses on designing various learning forms of prompts, neglecting the potential of prompts as effective distillers for learning from larger teacher models. In this paper, we introduce an unsupervised domain prompt distillation framework, which aims to transfer the knowledge of a larger teacher model to a lightweight target model through prompt-driven imitation using unlabeled domain images. Specifically, our framework consists of two distinct stages. In the initial stage, we pre-train a large CLIP teacher model using domain (few-shot) labels. After pre-training, we leverage the unique decoupled-modality characteristics of CLIP by pre-computing and storing the text features as class vectors only once through the teacher text encoder. In the subsequent stage, the stored class vectors are shared across teacher and student image encoders for calculating the predicted logits. Further, we align the logits of both the teacher and student models via KL divergence, encouraging the student image encoder to generate similar probability distributions to the teacher through the learnable prompts. The proposed prompt distillation process eliminates the reliance on labeled data, enabling the algorithm to leverage a vast amount of unlabeled images within the domain. Finally, the well-trained student image encoders and pre-stored text features (class vectors) are utilized for inference. To our best knowledge, we are the first to (1) perform unsupervised domain-specific prompt-driven knowledge distillation for CLIP, and (2) establish a practical pre-storing mechanism of text features as shared class vectors between teacher and student. Extensive experiments on 11 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Code is publicly available at https://***/zhengli97/PromptKD.

关键词： knowledge distillation prompt learning vision-language models zero-shot learning

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Once for Both: Single Stage of Importance and Sparsity Search for vision Transformer Compression

Once for Both: Single Stage of Importance and Sparsity Searc...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ye, Hancheng Yu, Chong Ye, Peng Xia, Renqiu Tang, Yansong Lu, Jiwen Chen, Tao Zhang, Bo Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Lab Shanghai Peoples R China Fudan Univ Acad Engn & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Recent vision Transformer Compression (VTC) works mainly follow a two-stage scheme, where the importance score of each model unit is first evaluated or preset in each submodule, followed by the sparsity score evaluation according to the target sparsity constraint. Such a separate evaluation process induces the gap between importance and sparsity score distributions, thus causing high search costs for VTC. In this work, for the first time, we investigate how to integrate the evaluations of importance and sparsity scores into a single stage, searching the optimal subnets in an efficient manner. Specifically, we present OFB, a cost-efficient approach that simultaneously evaluates both importance and sparsity scores, termed Once for Both (OFB), for VTC. First, a bi-mask scheme is developed by entangling the importance score and the differentiable sparsity score to jointly determine the pruning potential (prunability) of each unit. Such a bi-mask search strategy is further used together with a proposed adaptive one-hot loss to realize the progressive-andefficient search for the most important subnet. Finally, Progressive Masked Image Modeling (PMIM) is proposed to regularize the feature space to be more representative during the search process, which may be degraded by the dimension reduction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that OFB can achieve superior compression performance over state-of-the-art searching-based and pruning-based methods under various vision Transformer architectures, meanwhile promoting search efficiency significantly, e.g., costing one GPU search day for the compression of DeiT-S on ImageNet-1K.

关键词： Image compression

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Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning on Diverse Pathology Datasets

Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning on Diverse Pathology D...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kang, Mingu Song, Heon Park, Seonwook Yoo, Donggeun Pereira, Sergio Lunit Inc Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Computational pathology can lead to saving human lives, but models are annotation hungry and pathology images are notoriously expensive to annotate. Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown to be an effective method for utilizing unlabeled data, and its application to pathology could greatly benefit its downstream tasks. Yet, there are no principled studies that compare SSL methods and discuss how to adapt them for pathology. To address this need, we execute the largest-scale study of SSL pre-training on pathology image data, to date. Our study is conducted using 4 representative SSL methods on diverse downstream tasks. We establish that large-scale domain-aligned pre-training in pathology consistently out-performs ImageNet pre-training in standard SSL settings such as linear and fine-tuning evaluations, as well as in low-label regimes. Moreover, we propose a set of domain-specific techniques that we experimentally show leads to a performance boost. Lastly, for the first time, we apply SSL to the challenging task of nuclei instance segmentation and show large and consistent performance improvements. We release the pre-trained model weights(1).

关键词： cell microscopy Medical and biological vision

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X-Pruner: eXplainable Pruning for vision Transformers

X-Pruner: eXplainable Pruning for Vision Transformers

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yu, Lu Xiang, Wei James Cook Univ Townsville Australia La Trobe Univ Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Recently vision transformer models have become prominent models for a range of tasks. These models, however, usually suffer from intensive computational costs and heavy memory requirements, making them impractical for deployment on edge platforms. Recent studies have proposed to prune transformers in an unexplainable manner, which overlook the relationship between internal units of the model and the target class, thereby leading to inferior performance. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel explainable pruning framework dubbed X-Pruner, which is designed by considering the explainability of the pruning criterion. Specifically, to measure each prunable unit's contribution to predicting each target class, a novel explainability-aware mask is proposed and learned in an end-to-end manner. Then, to preserve the most informative units and learn the layer-wise pruning rate, we adaptively search the layer-wise threshold that differentiates between unpruned and pruned units based on their explainability-aware mask values. To verify and evaluate our method, we apply the X-Pruner on representative transformer models including the DeiT and Swin Transformer. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed X-Pruner outperforms the state-of-the-art black-box methods with significantly reduced computational costs and slight performance degradation. Code is available at https: //***/vickyyu90/XPruner.

关键词： Explainable computer vision

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