An architecture for reasoning with uncertainty about the identities of objects in a scene is described. The main components of this architecture create and assign credibility to object hypotheses based on feature-matc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
An architecture for reasoning with uncertainty about the identities of objects in a scene is described. The main components of this architecture create and assign credibility to object hypotheses based on feature-match, object, relational, and aspect consistencies. The Dempster-Shafer formalism is used for representing uncertainty, so these credibilities are expressed as belief functions which are combined using Dempster's combination rule to yield the system's aggregate belief in each object hypothesis. One of the principal objections to the use of Dempster's rule is that its worst-case time complexity is exponential in the size of the hypothesis set. The structure of the hypothesis sets developed by this system for a polynomial implementation of the combination rule. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of the method in assessing the credibility of candidate object hypotheses.
The authors review their pseudo-one-subcycle parallel thinning algorithm. Y.S. Chen and W.H. Hsu present two improved versions of this algorithm, and describe a two-stage structure to realize the one-subcycle parallel...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
The authors review their pseudo-one-subcycle parallel thinning algorithm. Y.S. Chen and W.H. Hsu present two improved versions of this algorithm, and describe a two-stage structure to realize the one-subcycle parallel algorithm. The first stage is to produce a perfect 8-curve excluding T-junction thin line. The second is to obtain the isotropic skeleton of an L-shaped pattern. The two-stage structure consists of a thinning table and a control unit. The thinning table is used to provide the attributions for an input 3 × 3 local pattern. The control unit is used to check the removal of the center pixel of this local pattern, and the inputs of the control unit also comprise the outputs of other neighboring thinning tables. This structure can exactly implement the proposed one-subcycle parallel algorithms. The two improved algorithms have been implemented. Experiments confirm that the improved algorithms can produce the desired effective thin line and also show that the structure realized is feasible and practicable.
The application of J. Rissanen's theory of stochastic complexity (1986) to the problem of features selection in statistical patternrecognition (SPR) is discussed. Stochastic complexity provides a general framewor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
The application of J. Rissanen's theory of stochastic complexity (1986) to the problem of features selection in statistical patternrecognition (SPR) is discussed. Stochastic complexity provides a general framework for statistical problems such as coding, prediction, estimation, and classification. A brief review of the SPR paradigm and traditional methods of feature selection is presented, followed by a discussion of the basic of stochastic complexity. Two forms of stochastic complexity, minimum description length and an integral form, are applied to the problem of feature selection. Experimental results using simulated data generated with Gaussian distributions are given and compared with results from cross validation, a traditional technique. The stochastic complexity measures give superior results, as measured by their ability to select subsets of relevant features, as well as probability of error computed based on the selected feature subset.
A knowledge-based (KB) system for the recognition of partially occluded two-dimensional workpieces is described. After the image acquisition phase with a TV camera, the generalized Hough transform is used to extract e...
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A knowledge-based (KB) system for the recognition of partially occluded two-dimensional workpieces is described. After the image acquisition phase with a TV camera, the generalized Hough transform is used to extract elementary edge patterns and to derive a symbolic description. Hypothesis generation and test is the strategy utilized in the recognitionprocess, on the basis of matchings between models and data. In particular, the system contains new modules devoted to automatic model acquisition and search-function generation for every model primitive. Results obtained confirm the validity of the proposed KB approach. The system has been tested on several images and has proved robust in terms of noise and occlusions.
A set of 2 1/2-D primitives, called object wings, are introduced for representation and recognition of arbitrarily shaped 3-D objects. There are 34 simple wings. A simple wing is defined as a triple including a pair o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
A set of 2 1/2-D primitives, called object wings, are introduced for representation and recognition of arbitrarily shaped 3-D objects. There are 34 simple wings. A simple wing is defined as a triple including a pair of surface patches separated by a contour segment. Simple wings can be grouped into composite wings through nonaccidental relationships such as cotermination, symmetry, parallelism, connectivity, colinearity, and curvilinearity. Both simple wings and composite wings, together with their spatial structures, can be used to construct internal models of real-world objects. The configurations of wings posses enough information to be of use for both indexing into models and determining instance pose. Wing definitions and techniques for their detection are presented. Representation in terms of the proposed wing primitives and recognition based on the wing representations are addressed. Experimental results are given to indicate that wing primitives can be stably extracted over a broad change of scale, and that reasonable representation can be constructed.
A novel algorithm for computing the orientation field for a flowlike texture is presented. The basic idea behind the algorithm is to use an oriented filter, namely the gradient of the Gaussian, and perform manipulatio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
A novel algorithm for computing the orientation field for a flowlike texture is presented. The basic idea behind the algorithm is to use an oriented filter, namely the gradient of the Gaussian, and perform manipulations on the resulting gradient vector field. The most important aspect of the algorithm is that it is provably optimal in estimating the local orientations of an oriented texture. An added strength of the algorithm is that it is simpler and has a better signal-to-noise ratio than previous approaches, because it utilizes fewer derivative operations. Also proposed is a measure of coherence, which works better than previous measures. This approach is based on the use of the angle and coherence images as intrinsic images. An analysis of oriented textures requires the computation of these intrinsic images as a first step. In this sense, the computation of the orientation field, resulting in the intrinsic images, is indispensible in the analysis of oriented textures. Results from a number of experiments indicate the usefulness of the angle and coherence intrinsic images.
An algorithm for finding texture boundaries in images is developed on the basis of a computational model of human texture perception. The model consists of three stages: (1) the image is convolved with a bank of even-...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
An algorithm for finding texture boundaries in images is developed on the basis of a computational model of human texture perception. The model consists of three stages: (1) the image is convolved with a bank of even-symmetric linear filters followed by half-wave rectification to give a set of responses;(2) inhibition, localized in space, within and among the neural response profiles results in the suppression of weak responses when there are strong responses at the same or nearby locations;and (3) texture boundaries are detected using peaks in the gradients of the inhibited response profiles. Unlike previous attempts along these lines, this model is precisely specified, equally applicable to grey-scale and binary textures, and is motivated by detailed comparison with psychophyics and physiology. This model makes predictions about the degree of discriminability of different texture pairs which match very well with experimental measurements of discriminability in human observers. From a machine-vision point of view, the scheme is a high-quality texture-edge detector which works equally on images of artificial and natural scenes. The algorithm makes the use of simple local and parallel operations, which makes it potentially real-time.
The authors present a method for texture segmentation that does not assume any prior knowledge about either the type of textures or the number of textured regions present in the image. Local orientation and spatial fr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
The authors present a method for texture segmentation that does not assume any prior knowledge about either the type of textures or the number of textured regions present in the image. Local orientation and spatial frequencies are used as the key parameters for classifying texture. The information is obtained by creating a local multifrequency multiorientation channel decomposition of the image, with the width of each frequency band constant on a logarithmic scale. This decomposition is implemented by applying a set of Gabor-like functions that were modified to have a decreased frequency selectivity when the filter's center frequency increases. This transformation is actually a wavelet transform and not a Gabor transform. The set of filter outputs is then used to create robust texture descriptors. The segmentation algorithm uses the similarity of the descriptors to determine the existence of texture regions and to outline their border rather than concentrating on segregating the textures. First, seed regions are found. Then, texture region borders are extended and refined through an iterative stage. An adaptive threshold based on specific region characteristics is used rather than a fixed threshold. The method has been applied to image containing natural textures, resulting in a good segmentation of the texture regions.
The author analyzes a stereo method which determines lines in space from the intersection of projected planar sheets. Object descriptions are built from information about linear features instead of by points. It is sh...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
The author analyzes a stereo method which determines lines in space from the intersection of projected planar sheets. Object descriptions are built from information about linear features instead of by points. It is shown that there are major advantages to accurately determining the orientation of object lines and surfaces using this stereo method. In the absence of errors (apart from the baseline translation error), the measurement of the orientation of lines and surfaces from this stereo method is translation-invariant in the sense that the orientation measurement is completely independent of knowledge of the baseline. computer simulations of realistic imaging configurations show that, even in the presence of errors from other camera parameters, this stereo method is nearly translation-invariant and can far outperform stereo methods based on the absolute correspondence of points. Another advantage of determining the orientation of lines and surfaces from stereo using intersecting planes is that orientation errors do not grow rapidly as the object distance from the baseline increases.
Neighborhood-connected array processors can implement Minkowski addition and Minkowski subtraction operations with structuring elements larger than the neighborhood size by breaking the operation into a sequence of su...
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ISBN:
(纸本)081861952x
Neighborhood-connected array processors can implement Minkowski addition and Minkowski subtraction operations with structuring elements larger than the neighborhood size by breaking the operation into a sequence of successive neighborhood operations. The authors provide a complete solution to the problem of decomposing convex polygons into subsets of the 3 × 3 neighborhood set. With the help of he Freeman chain code notation, it is proved that all convex polygons have neighborhood decompositions. Based on this result, an efficient algorithm is developed which can find an optimal decomposition for any convex polygon. The decomposition algorithm itself does not have any particular hardware requirement. However, the decomposition produced by the algorithm can be used to determine the most efficient implementation of a morphological operation with convex polygonal structuring elements as a sequence of successive neighborhood operations. Therefore, the algorithm is applicable to neighborhood-connected array processors, or any machine structure that can quickly perform 3 × 3 neighborhood operations.
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