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Architectural Backdoors in Neural Networks

Architectural Backdoors in Neural Networks

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Bober-Irizar, Mikel Shumailov, Ilia Zhao, Yiren Mullins, Robert Papernot, Nicolas Univ Cambridge Cambridge England Vector Inst Toronto ON Canada Univ Oxford Oxford England Imperial Coll London London England Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Machine learning is vulnerable to adversarial manipulation. Previous literature demonstrated that at the training stage attackers can manipulate data [14] and data sampling procedures [29] to control model behaviour. A common attack goal is to plant backdoors i.e. force the victim model to learn to recognise a trigger known only by the adversary. In this paper, we introduce a new class of backdoor attacks that hide inside model architectures i.e. in the inductive bias of the functions used to train. These backdoors are simple to implement, for instance by publishing open-source code for a backdoored model architecture that others will reuse unknowingly. We demonstrate that model architectural backdoors represent a real threat and, unlike other approaches, can survive a complete re-training from scratch. We formalise the main construction principles behind architectural backdoors, such as a connection between the input and the output, and describe some possible protections against them. We evaluate our attacks on computer vision benchmarks of different scales and demonstrate the underlying vulnerability is pervasive in a variety of common training settings.

关键词： accountability ethics in vision fairness privacy Transparency

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PartMix: Regularization Strategy to Learn Part Discovery for Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification

PartMix: Regularization Strategy to Learn Part Discovery for...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Kim, Minsu Kim, Seungryong Park, Jungin Park, Seongheon Sohn, Kwanghoon Yonsei Univ Seoul South Korea Korea Univ Seoul South Korea Korea Inst Sci & Technol Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Modern data augmentation using a mixture-based technique can regularize the models from overfitting to the training data in various computer vision applications, but a proper data augmentation technique tailored for the part-based Visible-Infrared person Re-IDentification (VI-ReID) models remains unexplored. In this paper, we present a novel data augmentation technique, dubbed PartMix, that synthesizes the augmented samples by mixing the part descriptors across the modalities to improve the performance of part-based VI-ReID models. Especially, we synthesize the positive and negative samples within the same and across different identities and regularize the backbone model through contrastive learning. In addition, we also present an entropy-based mining strategy to weaken the adverse impact of unreliable positive and negative samples. When incorporated into existing part-based VI-ReID model, PartMix consistently boosts the performance. We conduct experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our PartMix over the existing VI-ReID methods and provide ablation studies.

关键词： detection recognition: Categorization retrieval

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JAWS: Just A Wild Shot for Cinematic Transfer in Neural Radiance Fields

JAWS: Just A Wild Shot for Cinematic Transfer in Neural Radi...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Wang, Xi Courant, Robin Shi, Jinglei Marchand, Eric Christie, Marc Univ Rennes CNRS INRIA IRISA Rennes France Ecole Polytech IP Paris LIX Paris France Nankai Univ VCIP CS Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

This paper presents JAWS, an optimization-driven approach that achieves the robust transfer of visual cinematic features from a reference in-the-wild video clip to a newly generated clip. To this end, we rely on an implicit-neural-representation (INR) in a way to compute a clip that shares the same cinematic features as the reference clip. We propose a general formulation of a camera optimization problem in an INR that computes extrinsic and intrinsic camera parameters as well as timing. By leveraging the differentiability of neural representations, we can back-propagate our designed cinematic losses measured on proxy estimators through a NeRF network to the proposed cinematic parameters directly. We also introduce specific enhancements such as guidance maps to improve the overall quality and efficiency. Results display the capacity of our system to replicate well known camera sequences from movies, adapting the framing, camera parameters and timing of the generated video clip to maximize the similarity with the reference clip.

关键词： vision + graphics

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PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for vision-Language Models

PromptKD: Unsupervised Prompt Distillation for Vision-Langua...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Zheng Li, Xiang Fu, Xinyi Zhang, Xin Wang, Weiqiang Chen, Shuo Yang, Jian Nankai Univ Coll Comp Sci PCA Lab VCIP Tianjin Peoples R China NKIARI Shenzhen Futian Peoples R China Ant Grp Tiansuan Lab Hangzhou Peoples R China RIKEN Wako Saitama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Prompt learning has emerged as a valuable technique in enhancing vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP for downstream tasks in specific domains. Existing work mainly focuses on designing various learning forms of prompts, neglecting the potential of prompts as effective distillers for learning from larger teacher models. In this paper, we introduce an unsupervised domain prompt distillation framework, which aims to transfer the knowledge of a larger teacher model to a lightweight target model through prompt-driven imitation using unlabeled domain images. Specifically, our framework consists of two distinct stages. In the initial stage, we pre-train a large CLIP teacher model using domain (few-shot) labels. After pre-training, we leverage the unique decoupled-modality characteristics of CLIP by pre-computing and storing the text features as class vectors only once through the teacher text encoder. In the subsequent stage, the stored class vectors are shared across teacher and student image encoders for calculating the predicted logits. Further, we align the logits of both the teacher and student models via KL divergence, encouraging the student image encoder to generate similar probability distributions to the teacher through the learnable prompts. The proposed prompt distillation process eliminates the reliance on labeled data, enabling the algorithm to leverage a vast amount of unlabeled images within the domain. Finally, the well-trained student image encoders and pre-stored text features (class vectors) are utilized for inference. To our best knowledge, we are the first to (1) perform unsupervised domain-specific prompt-driven knowledge distillation for CLIP, and (2) establish a practical pre-storing mechanism of text features as shared class vectors between teacher and student. Extensive experiments on 11 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Code is publicly available at https://***/zhengli97/PromptKD.

关键词： knowledge distillation prompt learning vision-language models zero-shot learning

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Optimal Proposal Learning for Deployable End-to-End Pedestrian Detection

Optimal Proposal Learning for Deployable End-to-End Pedestri...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Song, Xiaolin Chen, Binghui Li, Pengyu He, Jun-Yan Wang, Biao Geng, Yifeng Xie, Xuansong Zhang, Honggang Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

End-to-end pedestrian detection focuses on training a pedestrian detection model via discarding the Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) post-processing. Though a few methods have been explored, most of them still suffer from longer training time and more complex deployment, which cannot be deployed in the actual industrial applications. In this paper, we intend to bridge this gap and propose an Optimal Proposal Learning (OPL) framework for deployable end-to-end pedestrian detection. Specifically, we achieve this goal by using CNN-based light detector and introducing two novel modules, including a Coarse-to-Fine (C2F) learning strategy for proposing precise positive proposals for the Ground-Truth (GT) instances by reducing the ambiguity of sample assignment/output in training/testing respectively, and a Completed Proposal Network (CPN) for producing extra information compensation to further recall the hard pedestrian samples. Extensive experiments are conducted on CrowdHuman, TJU-Ped and Caltech, and the results show that our proposed OPL method significantly outperforms the competing methods.

关键词： detection recognition: Categorization retrieval

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iCLIP: Bridging Image Classification and Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training for Visual recognition

iCLIP: Bridging Image Classification and Contrastive Languag...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Wei, Yixuan Cao, Yue Zhang, Zheng Peng, Houwen Yao, Zhuliang Xie, Zhenda Hue, Han Guo, Baining Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

This paper presents a method that effectively combines two prevalent visual recognition methods, i.e., image classification and contrastive language-image pre-training, dubbed iCLIP. Instead of naive multi-task learning that use two separate heads for each task, we fuse the two tasks in a deep fashion that adapts the image classification to share the same formula and the same model weights with the language-image pre-training. To further bridge these two tasks, we propose to enhance the category names in image classification tasks using external knowledge, such as their descriptions in dictionaries. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method combines the advantages of two tasks well: the strong discrimination ability in image classification tasks due to the clean category labels, and the good zero-shot ability in CLIP tasks ascribed to the richer semantics in the text descriptions. In particular, it reaches 82.9% top-1 accuracy on IN-1K, and meanwhile surpasses CLIP by 1.8%, with similar model size, on zero-shot recognition of Kornblith 12-dataset benchmark. The code and models are publicly available at https: //***/weiyx16/iCLIP.

关键词： language reasoning vision

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Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning on Diverse Pathology Datasets

Benchmarking Self-Supervised Learning on Diverse Pathology D...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Kang, Mingu Song, Heon Park, Seonwook Yoo, Donggeun Pereira, Sergio Lunit Inc Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Computational pathology can lead to saving human lives, but models are annotation hungry and pathology images are notoriously expensive to annotate. Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown to be an effective method for utilizing unlabeled data, and its application to pathology could greatly benefit its downstream tasks. Yet, there are no principled studies that compare SSL methods and discuss how to adapt them for pathology. To address this need, we execute the largest-scale study of SSL pre-training on pathology image data, to date. Our study is conducted using 4 representative SSL methods on diverse downstream tasks. We establish that large-scale domain-aligned pre-training in pathology consistently out-performs ImageNet pre-training in standard SSL settings such as linear and fine-tuning evaluations, as well as in low-label regimes. Moreover, we propose a set of domain-specific techniques that we experimentally show leads to a performance boost. Lastly, for the first time, we apply SSL to the challenging task of nuclei instance segmentation and show large and consistent performance improvements. We release the pre-trained model weights(1).

关键词： cell microscopy Medical and biological vision

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Hairy Ground Truth Enhancement for Semantic Segmentation

Hairy Ground Truth Enhancement for Semantic Segmentation

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Fischer, Sophie Voiculescu, Irina Univ Oxford Dept Comp Sci Oxford England

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Semantic segmentation is a key task within applications of machine learning for medical imaging, requiring large amounts of medical scans annotated by clinicians. The high cost of data annotation means that models need to make the most of all available ground truth masks;yet many models consider two false positive (or false negative) pixel predictions as 'equally wrong' regardless of the individual pixels' relative position to the ground truth mask. These methods also have no sense of whether a pixel is solitary or belongs to a contiguous group. We propose the Hairy transform, a novel method to enhance ground truths using 3D 'hairs' to represent each pixel's position relative to objects in the ground truth. We illustrate its effectiveness using a mainstream model and loss function on a commonly used cardiac MRI dataset, as well as a set of synthetic data constructed to highlight the effect of the method during training. The overall improvement in segmentation results comes at the small cost of a one-off pre-processing step, and can easily be integrated into any standard machine learning model. Rather than looking to make minute improvements for mostly correct 'standard' masks we instead show how this method helps improve robustness against catastrophic failures for edge cases.

关键词： computer vision Ground Truth Enhancement Machine Learning Medical Imaging

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Classifier Guided Cluster Density Reduction for Dataset Selection

Classifier Guided Cluster Density Reduction for Dataset Sele...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Chang, Cheng Long, Keyu Li, Zijian Rai, Himanshu Layer 6 AI Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

In this paper, we address the challenge of selecting an optimal dataset from a source pool with annotations to enhance performance on a target dataset derived from a different source. This is important in scenarios where it is hard to afford on-the-fly dataset annotation and is also the theme of the second Visual Data Understanding (VDU) Challenge. Our solution, the Classifier Guided Cluster Density Reduction (CCDR) framework, operates in two stages. Initially, we employ a filtering technique to identify images that align with the target dataset's distribution. Subsequently, we implement a graph-based cluster density reduction method, steered by a classifier that approximates the distance between the target distribution and source distribution. This classifier is trained to distinguish between images that resemble the target dataset and those that do not, facilitating the pruning process shown in Figure 1. Our approach maintains a balance between selecting pertinent images that match the target distribution and eliminating redundant ones that do not contribute to the enhancement of the detection model. We demonstrate the superiority of our method over various baselines in object detection tasks, particularly in optimizing the training set distribution on the region100 dataset. We have released our code here: https://***/ himsR/DataCVChallenge-2024/tree/main

关键词： computer vision Data Search deep learning domain Transfer

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CLIP-Sculptor: Zero-Shot Generation of High-Fidelity and Diverse Shapes from Natural Language

CLIP-Sculptor: Zero-Shot Generation of High-Fidelity and Div...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Sanghi, Aditya Fu, Rao Liu, Vivian Willis, Karl D. D. Shayani, Hooman Khasahmadi, Amir H. Sridhar, Srinath Ritchie, Daniel Autodesk Res San Francisco CA 94105 USA Brown Univ Providence RI USA Columbia Univ New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Recent works have demonstrated that natural language can be used to generate and edit 3D shapes. However, these methods generate shapes with limited fidelity and diversity. We introduce CLIP-Sculptor, a method to address these constraints by producing high-fidelity and diverse 3D shapes without the need for (text, shape) pairs during training. CLIP-Sculptor achieves this in a multi-resolution approach that first generates in a low-dimensional latent space and then upscales to a higher resolution for improved shape fidelity. For improved shape diversity, we use a discrete latent space which is modeled using a transformer conditioned on CLIP's image-text embedding space. We also present a novel variant of classifier-free guidance, which improves the accuracy-diversity trade-off. Finally, we perform extensive experiments demonstrating that CLIP-Sculptor outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

关键词： vision + graphics

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