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AAPL: Adding Attributes to Prompt Learning for vision-Language Models

AAPL: Adding Attributes to Prompt Learning for Vision-Langua...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Kim, Gahyeon Kim, Sohee Lee, Seokju Korea Inst Energy Technol KENTECH Naju South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Recent advances in large pre-trained vision-language models have demonstrated remarkable performance on zero-shot downstream tasks. Building upon this, recent studies, such as CoOp and CoCoOp, have proposed the use of prompt learning, where context within a prompt is replaced with learnable vectors, leading to significant improvements over manually crafted prompts. However, the performance improvement for unseen classes is still marginal, and to tackle this problem, data augmentation has been frequently used in traditional zero-shot learning techniques. Through our experiments, we have identified important issues in CoOp and CoCoOp: the context learned through traditional image augmentation is biased toward seen classes, negatively impacting generalization to unseen classes. To address this problem, we propose adversarial token embedding to disentangle low-level visual augmentation features from highlevel class information when inducing bias in learnable prompts. Through our novel mechanism called "Adding Attributes to Prompt Learning", AAPL, we guide the learnable context to effectively extract text features by focusing on high-level features for unseen classes. We have conducted experiments across 11 datasets, and overall, AAPL shows favorable performances compared to the existing methods in few-shot learning, zero-shot learning, cross-dataset, and domain generalization tasks.

关键词： prompt learning vision language model VLMs

来源：评论

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Angelic Patches for Improving Third-Party Object Detector Performance

Angelic Patches for Improving Third-Party Object Detector Pe...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Si, Wenwen Li, Shuo Park, Sangdon Lee, Insup Bastani, Osbert Univ Penn Dept Comp & Info Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Georgia Inst Technol Sch Cybersecur & Privacy Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Deep learning models have shown extreme vulnerability to distribution shifts such as synthetic perturbations and spatial transformations. In this work, we explore whether we can adopt the characteristics of adversarial attack methods to help improve robustness of object detection to distribution shifts such as synthetic perturbations and spatial transformations. We study a class of realistic object detection settings wherein the target objects have control over their appearance. To this end, we propose a reversed Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) to obtain these angelic patches that significantly increase the detection probability, even without pre-knowledge of the perturbations. In detail, we apply the patch to each object instance simultaneously, strengthening not only classification, but also bounding box accuracy. Experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the partial-covering patch in solving the complex bounding box problem. More importantly, the performance is also transferable to different detection models even under severe affine transformations and deformable shapes. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first object detection patch that achieves both cross-model efficacy and multiple patches. We observed average accuracy improvements of 30% in the real-world experiments. Our code is available at: https: //***/averysi224/angelic_patches.

关键词： computer vision for social good

来源：评论

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PATS: Patch Area Transportation with Subdivision for Local Feature Matching

PATS: Patch Area Transportation with Subdivision for Local F...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Ni, Junjie Li, Yijin Huang, Zhaoyang Li, Hongsheng Bao, Hujun Cui, Zhaopeng Zhang, Guofeng Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD&CG Hangzhou Peoples R China ZJU SenseTime Joint Lab 3D Vision Hangzhou Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Multimedia Lab Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Local feature matching aims at establishing sparse correspondences between a pair of images. Recently, detector-free methods present generally better performance but are not satisfactory in image pairs with large scale differences. In this paper, we propose Patch Area Transportation with Subdivision (PATS) to tackle this issue. Instead of building an expensive image pyramid, we start by splitting the original image pair into equal-sized patches and gradually resizing and subdividing them into smaller patches with the same scale. However, estimating scale differences between these patches is non-trivial since the scale differences are determined by both relative camera poses and scene structures, and thus spatially varying over image pairs. Moreover, it is hard to obtain the ground truth for real scenes. To this end, we propose patch area transportation, which enables learning scale differences in a self-supervised manner. In contrast to bipartite graph matching, which only handles one-to-one matching, our patch area transportation can deal with many-to-many relationships. PATS improves both matching accuracy and coverage, and shows superior performance in downstream tasks, such as relative pose estimation, visual localization, and optical flow estimation. The source code is available at https://***/pats/.

关键词： 3D from multi-view and sensors

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Matching Is Not Enough: A Two-Stage Framework for Category-Agnostic Pose Estimation

Matching Is Not Enough: A Two-Stage Framework for Category-A...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Shi, Min Huang, Zihao Ma, Xianzheng Hu, Xiaowei Cao, Zhiguo Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch AIA Wuhan Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Category-agnostic pose estimation (CAPE) aims to predict keypoints for arbitrary categories given support images with keypoint annotations. Existing approaches match the keypoints across the image for localization. However, such a one-stage matching paradigm shows inferior accuracy: the prediction heavily relies on the matching results, which can be noisy due to the open set nature in CAPE. For example, two mirror-symmetric keypoints (e.g., left and right eyes) in the query image can both trigger high similarity on certain support keypoints (eyes), which leads to duplicated or opposite predictions. To calibrate the inaccurate matching results, we introduce a two-stage framework, where matched keypoints from the first stage are viewed as similarity-aware position proposals. Then, the model learns to fetch relevant features to correct the initial proposals in the second stage. We instantiate the framework with a transformer model tailored for CAPE. The transformer encoder incorporates specific designs to improve the representation and similarity modeling in the first matching stage. In the second stage, similarity-aware proposals are packed as queries in the decoder for refinement via cross-attention. Our method surpasses the previous best approach by large margins on CAPE benchmark MP-100 on both accuracy and efficiency. Code available at ***/flyinglynx/CapeFormer

关键词： detection recognition: Categorization retrieval

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Learning Discriminative Representations for Skeleton Based Action recognition

Learning Discriminative Representations for Skeleton Based A...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Zhou, Huanyu Liu, Qingjie Wang, Yunhong Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing Peoples R China Zhongguancun Lab Beijing Peoples R China Beihang Univ Hangzhou Innovat Inst Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Human action recognition aims at classifying the category of human action from a segment of a video. Recently, people have dived into designing GCN-based models to extract features from skeletons for performing this task, because skeleton representations are much more efficient and robust than other modalities such as RGB frames. However, when employing the skeleton data, some important clues like related items are also discarded. It results in some ambiguous actions that are hard to be distinguished and tend to be misclassified. To alleviate this problem, we propose an auxiliary feature refinement head (FR Head), which consists of spatial-temporal decoupling and contrastive feature refinement, to obtain discriminative representations of skeletons. Ambiguous samples are dynamically discovered and calibrated in the feature space. Furthermore, FR Head could be imposed on different stages of GCNs to build a multi-level refinement for stronger supervision. Extensive experiments are conducted on NTU RGB+D, NTU RGB+D 120, and NW-UCLA datasets. Our proposed models obtain competitive results from state-of-the-art methods and can help to discriminate those ambiguous samples. Codes are available at https://***/zhysora/FR-Head.

关键词： Video: Action and event understanding

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Fair Scratch Tickets: Finding Fair Sparse Networks without Weight Training

Fair Scratch Tickets: Finding Fair Sparse Networks without W...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Tang, Pengwei Yao, Wei Li, Zhicong Liu, Yong Renmin Univ China Gaoling Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Key Lab Big Data Management & Anal Method Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Recent studies suggest that computer vision models come at the risk of compromising fairness. There are extensive works to alleviate unfairness in computer vision using pre-processing, in-processing, and post-processing methods. In this paper, we lead a novel fairness-aware learning paradigm for in-processing methods through the lens of the lottery ticket hypothesis (LTH) in the context of computer vision fairness. We randomly initialize a dense neural network and find appropriate binary masks for the weights to obtain fair sparse subnetworks without any weight training. Interestingly, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to discover that such sparse subnetworks with inborn fairness exist in randomly initialized networks, achieving an accuracy-fairness trade-off comparable to that of dense neural networks trained with existing fairness-aware in-processing approaches. We term these fair subnetworks as Fair Scratch Tickets (FSTs). We also theoretically provide fairness and accuracy guarantees for them. In our experiments, we investigate the existence of FSTs on various datasets, target attributes, random initialization methods, sparsity patterns, and fairness surrogates. We also find that FSTs can transfer across datasets and investigate other properties of FSTs.

关键词： accountability ethics in vision fairness privacy Transparency

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Prefix Conditioning Unifies Language and Label Supervision

Prefix Conditioning Unifies Language and Label Supervision

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Saito, Kuniaki Sohn, Kihyuk Zhang, Xiang Li, Chun-Liang Lee, Chen-Yu Saenko, Kate Pfister, Tomas Boston Univ Boston MA 02215 USA Google Cloud AI Res Mountain View CA USA Google Res Mountain View CA USA MIT IBM Watson Iab Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Pretraining visual models on web-scale image-caption datasets has recently emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional pretraining on image classification data. Image-caption datasets are more "open-domain", containing broader scene types and vocabulary words, and result in models that have strong performance in few- and zero-shot recognition tasks. However large-scale classification datasets can provide fine-grained categories with a balanced label distribution. In this work, we study a pretraining strategy that uses both classification and caption datasets to unite their complementary benefits. First, we show that naively unifying the datasets results in suboptimal performance in downstream zero-shot recognition tasks, as the model is affected by dataset bias: the coverage of image domains and vocabulary words is different in each dataset. We address this problem with novel Prefix Conditioning, a simple yet effective method that helps disentangle dataset biases from visual concepts. This is done by introducing prefix tokens that inform the language encoder of the input data type (e.g., classification vs caption) at training time. Our approach allows the language encoder to learn from both datasets while also tailoring feature extraction to each dataset. Prefix conditioning is generic and can be easily integrated into existing VL pretraining objectives, such as CLIP or UniCL. In experiments, we show that it improves zero-shot image recognition and robustness to image-level distribution shift.

关键词： language reasoning vision

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SCConv: Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution for Feature Redundancy

SCConv: Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution for F...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Jiafeng Wen, Ying He, Lianghua East China Normal Univ Sch Commun & Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Tongji Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in various computer vision tasks but this comes at the cost of tremendous computational resources, partly due to convolutional layers extracting redundant features. Recent works either compress well-trained large-scale models or explore well-designed lightweight models. In this paper, we make an attempt to exploit spatial and channel redundancy among features for CNN compression and propose an efficient convolution module, called SCConv (Spatial and Channel reconstruction Convolution), to decrease redundant computing and facilitate representative feature learning. The proposed SCConv consists of two units: spatial reconstruction unit (SRU) and channel reconstruction unit (CRU). SRU utilizes a separate-and-reconstruct method to suppress the spatial redundancy while CRU uses a split-transform-and-fuse strategy to diminish the channel redundancy. In addition, SCConv is a plug-and-play architectural unit that can be used to replace standard convolution in various convolutional neural networks directly. Experimental results show that SCConv-embedded models are able to achieve better performance by reducing redundant features with significantly lower complexity and computational costs.

关键词： computer vision for social good

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Shortcomings of Top-Down Randomization-Based Sanity Checks for Evaluations of Deep Neural Network Explanations

Shortcomings of Top-Down Randomization-Based Sanity Checks f...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Binder, Alexander Weber, Leander Lapuschkin, Sebastian Montavon, Gregoire Muller, Klaus-Robert Samek, Wojciech SIT Singapore IICT Cluster Singapore Singapore UiO Oslo Oslo Norway Fraunhofer HHI Berlin Germany FU Berlin Berlin Germany BIFOLD Berlin Berlin Germany TU Berlin Berlin Germany Korea Univ Seoul Seoul South Korea MPI Saarbrucken Saarbrucken Germany SUTD Singapore Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

While the evaluation of explanations is an important step towards trustworthy models, it needs to be done carefully, and the employed metrics need to be well-understood. Specifically model randomization testing can be overinterpreted if regarded as a primary criterion for selecting or discarding explanation methods. To address shortcomings of this test, we start by observing an experimental gap in the ranking of explanation methods between randomization-based sanity checks [1] and model output faithfulness measures (e.g. [20]). We identify limitations of model-randomization-based sanity checks for the purpose of evaluating explanations. Firstly, we show that uninformative attribution maps created with zero pixel-wise covariance easily achieve high scores in this type of checks. Secondly, we show that top-down model randomization preserves scales of forward pass activations with high probability. That is, channels with large activations have a high probility to contribute strongly to the output, even after randomization of the network on top of them. Hence, explanations after randomization can only be expected to differ to a certain extent. This explains the observed experimental gap. In summary, these results demonstrate the inadequacy of model-randomization-based sanity checks as a criterion to rank attribution methods.

关键词： Explainable computer vision

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Transferable Adversarial Attacks on vision Transformers with Token Gradient Regularization

Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Vision Transformers with...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Zhang, Jianping Huang, Yizhan Wu, Weibin Lyu, Michael R. Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Software Engn Guangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

vision transformers (ViTs) have been successfully deployed in a variety of computer vision tasks, but they are still vulnerable to adversarial samples. Transfer-based attacks use a local model to generate adversarial samples and directly transfer them to attack a target black-box model. The high efficiency of transfer-based attacks makes it a severe security threat to ViT-based applications. Therefore, it is vital to design effective transfer-based attacks to identify the deficiencies of ViTs beforehand in security-sensitive scenarios. Existing efforts generally focus on regularizing the input gradients to stabilize the updated direction of adversarial samples. However, the variance of the back-propagated gradients in intermediate blocks of ViTs may still be large, which may make the generated adversarial samples focus on some model-specific features and get stuck in poor local optima. To overcome the shortcomings of existing approaches, we propose the Token Gradient Regularization (TGR) method. According to the structural characteristics of ViTs, TGR reduces the variance of the back-propagated gradient in each internal block of ViTs in a token-wise manner and utilizes the regularized gradient to generate adversarial samples. Extensive experiments on attacking both ViTs and CNNs confirm the superiority of our approach. Notably, compared to the state-of-the-art transfer-based attacks, our TGR offers a performance improvement of 8.8% on average.

关键词： Adversarial attack and defense

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