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Improved Visual Grounding through Self-Consistent Explanations

Improved Visual Grounding through Self-Consistent Explanatio...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： He, Ruozhen Cascante-Bonilla, Paola Yang, Ziyan Berg, Alexander C. Ordonez, Vicente Rice Univ Houston TX 77005 USA Univ Calif Irvine Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

vision-and-language models trained to match images with text can be combined with visual explanation methods to point to the locations of specific objects in an image. Our work shows that the localization -"grounding"-abilities of these models can be further improved by fine-tuning for self-consistent visual explanations. We propose a strategy for augmenting existing text-image datasets with paraphrases using a large language model, and SelfEQ, a weakly-supervised strategy on visual explanation maps for paraphrases that encourages self-consistency. Specifically, for an input textual phrase, we attempt to generate a paraphrase and finetune the model so that the phrase and paraphrase map to the same region in the image. We posit that this both expands the vocabulary that the model is able to handle, and improves the quality of the object locations highlighted by gradient-based visual explanation methods (e.g. GradCAM). We demonstrate that SelfEQ improves performance on Flickr30k, ReferIt, and RefCOCO+ over a strong baseline method and several prior works. Particularly, comparing to other methods that do not use any type of box annotations, we obtain 84.07% on Flickr30k ( an absolute improvement of 4.69%), 67.40% on ReferIt (an absolute improvement of 7.68%), and 75.10%, 55.49% on RefCOCO+ test sets A and B respectively (an absolute improvement of 3.74% on average).

关键词： vision and language visual grounding

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Content-aware Input Scaling and Deep Learning Computation Offloading for Low-Latency Embedded vision

Content-aware Input Scaling and Deep Learning Computation Of...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Prabhune, Omkar Chen, Tianen Kim, Younghyun Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Deploying deep learning (DL) models for visual recognition on embedded systems is often constrained by their limited compute power and storage capacity, and has stringent latency and power requirements. As emerging DL applications continue to evolve, they place increasing demands on computational resources that embedded vision systems are unable to provision. One promising solution to overcome these limitations is computation offloading. However, for performance improvements to be realized, it is essential to carefully partition tasks, taking into account both the quality of the data and the communication overhead. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for content-aware offloading of DL computations, aimed at maximizing quality-of-service while adhering to latency constraints. Our proposed framework involves the embedded vision system/edge device intelligently compressing data in a contentaware manner using a lightweight model and transmitting it to a more powerful server. The framework consists of two key components: offline training for efficient content-aware data scaling and online control that adapts to the network variations in real-time. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we apply it to multiple downstream tasks such as face identification, person keypoint detection, and instance segmentation, showcasing a significant enhancement in the overall quality of results for various applications.

关键词： AI on edge computation offloading content-aware compression content-aware offloading deep learning edge computing edge ML efficient deep learning efficient ML embedded vision face identification low-latency deep learning low-power ML ml system tinyML

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AIGeN: An Adversarial Approach for Instruction Generation in VLN

AIGeN: An Adversarial Approach for Instruction Generation in...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rawal, Niyati Bigazzi, Roberto Baraldi, Lorenzo Cucchiara, Rita Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Modena Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

In the last few years, the research interest in vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) has grown significantly. VLN is a challenging task that involves an agent following human instructions and navigating in a previously unknown environment to reach a specified goal. Recent work in literature focuses on different ways to augment the available datasets of instructions for improving navigation performance by exploiting synthetic training data. In this work, we propose AIGeN, a novel architecture inspired by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) that produces meaningful and well-formed synthetic instructions to improve navigation agents' performance. The model is composed of a Transformer decoder (GPT-2) and a Transformer encoder (BERT). During the training phase, the decoder generates sentences for a sequence of images describing the agent's path to a particular point while the encoder discriminates between real and fake instructions. Experimentally, we evaluate the quality of the generated instructions and perform extensive ablation studies. Additionally, we generate synthetic instructions for 217K trajectories using AIGeN on Habitat-Matterport 3D Dataset (HM3D) and show an improvement in the performance of an off-the-shelf VLN method. The validation analysis of our proposal is conducted on REVERIE and R2R and highlights the promising aspects of our proposal, achieving state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Generative Adversarial Networks Text Generation vision-and-Language Navigation

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HybridNeRF: Efficient Neural Rendering via Adaptive Volumetric Surfaces

HybridNeRF: Efficient Neural Rendering via Adaptive Volumetr...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Turki, Haithem Agrawal, Vasu Bulo, Samuel Rota Porzi, Lorenzo Kontschieder, Peter Ramanan, Deva Zollhofer, Michael Richardt, Christian Meta Real Labs Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Neural radiance fields provide state-of-the-art view synthesis quality but tend to be slow to render. One reason is that they make use of volume rendering, thus requiring many samples (and model queries) per ray at render time. Although this representation is flexible and easy to optimize, most real-world objects can be modeled more efficiently with surfaces instead of volumes, requiring far fewer samples per ray. This observation has spurred considerable progress in surface representations, such as signed distance functions, but these may struggle to model semi-opaque and thin structures. We propose a method, HybridNeRF, that leverages the strengths of both representations by rendering most objects as surfaces while modeling the (typically) small fraction of challenging regions volumetrically. We evaluate HybridNeRF against the challenging Eyeful Tower dataset [38] along with other commonly used view synthesis datasets. When comparing to state-of-the-art baselines, including recent rasterization-based approaches, we improve error rates by 15-30% while achieving real-time framerates (at least 36 FPS) for virtual-reality resolutions (2K -> 2K). Project page: https://***/hybrid-nerf/.

关键词： 3d reconstruction computer vision machine learning neural radiance fields neural rendering novel view synthesis

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A&B BNN: Add&Bit-Operation-Only Hardware-Friendly Binary Neural Network

A&B BNN: Add&Bit-Operation-Only Hardware-Friendly Binary Neu...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ma, Ruichen Qiao, Guanchao Liu, Yian Meng, Liwei Ning, Ning Liu, Yang Hu, Shaogang Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Chengdu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Binary neural networks utilize 1-bit quantized weights and activations to reduce both the model's storage demands and computational burden. However, advanced binary architectures still incorporate millions of inefficient and non-hardware-friendly full-precision multiplication operations. A&B BNN is proposed to directly remove part of the multiplication operations in a traditional BNN and replace the rest with an equal number of bit operations, introducing the mask layer and the quantized RPReLU structure based on the normalizer-free network architecture. The mask layer can be removed during inference by leveraging the intrinsic characteristics of BNN with straightforward mathematical transformations to avoid the associated multiplication operations. The quantized RPReLU structure enables more efficient bit operations by constraining its slope to be integer powers of 2. Experimental results achieved 92.30%, 69.35%, and 66.89% on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets, respectively, which are competitive with the state-of-the-art. Ablation studies have verified the efficacy of the quantized RPReLU structure, leading to a 1.14% enhancement on the ImageNet compared to using a fixed slope RLeakyReLU. The proposed add&bit-operation-only BNN offers an innovative approach for hardware-friendly network architecture.

关键词： Binary neural networks Hardware-friendly structure Multiplication-free structure pattern recognition

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UnScene3D: Unsupervised 3D Instance Segmentation for Indoor Scenes

UnScene3D: Unsupervised 3D Instance Segmentation for Indoor ...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rozenberszki, David Litany, Or Dai, Angela Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany Technion Haifa Israel NVIDIA Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

3D instance segmentation is fundamental to geometric understanding of the world around us. Existing methods for instance segmentation of 3D scenes rely on supervision from expensive, manual 3D annotations. We propose UnScene3D, the first fully unsupervised 3D learning approach for class-agnostic 3D instance segmentation of indoor scans. UnScene3D first generates pseudo masks by leveraging self-supervised color and geometry features to find potential object regions. We operate on a basis of geometric oversegmentation, enabling efficient representation and learning on high-resolution 3D data. The coarse proposals are then refined through self-training our model on its predictions. Our approach improves over clustering-based alternatives to unsupervised 3D instance segmentation methods by more than 300% Average Precision score, demonstrating effective instance segmentation even in challenging, cluttered 3D scenes.

关键词： 3D computer vision 3D Instance Segmentation Graph-cuts Scene Understanding Self-training Unsupervised Instance Segmentation Unsupervised Learning

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PairDETR : Joint Detection and Association of Human Bodies and Faces

PairDETR : Joint Detection and Association of Human Bodies a...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ali, Ammar Gaikov, Georgii Rybalchenko, Denis Chigorin, Alexander Laptev, Ivan Zagoruyko, Sergey MTS AI ITMO Moscow Russia MTS AI Moscow Russia VisionLabs Hyderabad Telangana India MBZUAI Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates MTS AI Skoltech Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Image and video analysis requires not only accurate object detection but also the understanding of relationships among detected objects. Common solutions to relation modeling typically resort to stand-alone object detectors followed by non-differentiable post-processing techniques. Recently introduced detection transformers (DETR) perform end-to-end object detection based on a bipartite matching loss. Such methods, however, lack the ability to jointly detect objects and resolve object associations. In this paper, we build on the DETR approach and extend it to the joint detection of objects and their relationships by introducing an approximated bipartite matching. While our method can generalize to an arbitrary number of objects, we here focus on the modeling of object pairs and their relations. In particular, we apply our method PairDETR to the problem of detecting human bodies and faces, and associating them for the same person. Our approach not only eliminates the need for hand-designed post-processing but also achieves excellent results for body-face associations. We evaluate PairDETR on the challenging CrowdHuman and CityPersons datasets and demonstrate a large improvement over the state of the art. Our training code and pre-trained models are available at https://***/mts-ai/pairdetr

关键词： Association CityPersons computer vision CrowdHuman DETR end-to-end Object detection Transformers

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Domain Prompt Learning with Quaternion Networks

Domain Prompt Learning with Quaternion Networks

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cao, Qinglong Xu, Zhengqin Chen, Yuntian Ma, Chao Yang, Xiaokang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ AI Inst MoE Key Lab Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Peoples R China Eastern Inst Technol Ningbo Inst Digital Twin Ningbo Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Prompt learning has emerged as a potent and resource-efficient technique in large vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, its application in adapting VLMs to specialized domains like remote sensing and medical imaging, termed domain prompt learning, remains relatively unexplored. Although large-scale domain-specific foundation models offer a potential solution, their focus on a singular vision level presents challenges in prompting both vision and language modalities. To address this limitation, we propose leveraging domain-specific knowledge from these foundation models to transfer the robust recognition abilities of VLMs from generalized to specialized domains, employing quaternion networks. Our method entails utilizing domain-specific vision features from domain-specific foundation models to guide the transformation of generalized contextual embeddings from the language branch into a specialized space within quaternion networks. Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical approach that derives vision prompt features by analyzing intermodal relationships between hierarchical language prompt features and domain-specific vision features. Through this mechanism, quaternion networks can effectively explore intermodal relationships in specific domains, facilitating domain-specific vision-language contrastive learning. Extensive experiments conducted on domain-specific datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art results in prompt learning. Codes are available at https://***/caoql98/DPLQ.

关键词： domain prompt learning quaternion networks vision-language models

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WALT3D: Generating Realistic Training Data from Time-Lapse Imagery for Reconstructing Dynamic Objects under Occlusion

WALT3D: Generating Realistic Training Data from Time-Lapse I...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Khiem Vuong Reddy, N. Dinesh Tamburo, Robert Narasimhan, Srinivasa G. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Amazon Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Current methods for 2D and 3D object understanding struggle with severe occlusions in busy urban environments, partly due to the lack of large-scale labeled groundtruth annotations for learning occlusion. In this work, we introduce a novel framework for automatically generating a large, realistic dataset of dynamic objects under occlusions using freely available time-lapse imagery. By leveraging off-the-shelf 2D (bounding box, segmentation, keypoint) and 3D (pose, shape) predictions as pseudo-groundtruth, unoccluded 3D objects are identified automatically and composited into the background in a clip-art style, ensuring realistic appearances and physically accurate occlusion configurations. The resulting clip-art image with pseudo-groundtruth enables efficient training of object reconstruction methods that are robust to occlusions. Our method demonstrates significant improvements in both 2D and 3D reconstruction, particularly in scenarios with heavily occluded objects like vehicles and people in urban scenes.

关键词： 3D from single images computer vision

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Any-Shift Prompting for Generalization over Distributions

Any-Shift Prompting for Generalization over Distributions

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xiao, Zehao Shen, Jiayi Derakhshani, Mohammad Mandi Liao, Shengcai Snoek, Cees G. M. Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Core42 Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Image-language models with prompt learning have shown remarkable advances in numerous downstream vision tasks. Nevertheless, conventional prompt learning methods overfit their training distribution and lose the generalization ability on test distributions. To improve generalization across various distribution shifts, we propose any-shift prompting: a general probabilistic inference framework that considers the relationship between training and test distributions during prompt learning. We explicitly connect training and test distributions in the latent space by constructing training and test prompts in a hierarchical architecture. Within this frame-work, the test prompt exploits the distribution relationships to guide the generalization of the CLIP image-language model from training to any test distribution. To effectively encode the distribution information and their relationships, we further introduce a transformer inference network with a pseudo-shift training mechanism. The network generates the tailored test prompt with both training and test information in a feedforward pass, avoiding extra training costs at test time. Extensive experiments on twenty-three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of any-shift prompting on the generalization over various distribution shifts.

关键词： distribution shifts out-of-distribution generalization prompt learning vision-language

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