As the request for deep learning solutions increases, the need for explainability is even more fundamental. In this setting, particular attention has been given to visualization techniques, that try to attribute the r...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665448994
As the request for deep learning solutions increases, the need for explainability is even more fundamental. In this setting, particular attention has been given to visualization techniques, that try to attribute the right relevance to each input pixel with respect to the output of the network. In this paper, we focus on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) approaches, which provide an effective visualization by taking weighted averages of the activation maps. To enhance the evaluation and the reproducibility of such approaches, we propose a novel set of metrics to quantify explanation maps, which show better effectiveness and simplify comparisons between approaches. To evaluate the appropriateness of the proposal, we compare different CAM-based visualization methods on the entire ImageNet validation set, fostering proper comparisons and reproducibility.
This paper describes a CNN where all CNN style 2D convolution operations that lower to matrix matrix multiplication are fully binary. The network is derived from a common building block structure that is consistent wi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665448994
This paper describes a CNN where all CNN style 2D convolution operations that lower to matrix matrix multiplication are fully binary. The network is derived from a common building block structure that is consistent with a constructive proof outline showing that binary neural networks are universal function approximators. 71.24% top 1 accuracy on the 2012 ImageNet validation set was achieved with a 2 step training procedure and implementation strategies optimized for binary operands are provided.
In this paper we analyze the classification performance of neural network structures without parametric inference. Making use of neural architecture search, we empirically demonstrate that it is possible to find rando...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665448994
In this paper we analyze the classification performance of neural network structures without parametric inference. Making use of neural architecture search, we empirically demonstrate that it is possible to find random weight architectures, a deep prior, that enables a linear classification to perform on par with fully trained deep counterparts. Through ablation experiments, we exclude the possibility of winning a weight initialization lottery and confirm that suitable deep priors do not require additional inference. In an extension to continual learning, we investigate the possibility of catastrophic interference free incremental learning. Under the assumption of classes originating from the same data distribution, a deep prior found on only a subset of classes is shown to allow discrimination of further classes through training of a simple linear classifier.
Distribution shift can have fundamental consequences such as signaling a change in the operating environment or significantly reducing the accuracy of downstream models. Thus, understanding such distribution shifts is...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
Distribution shift can have fundamental consequences such as signaling a change in the operating environment or significantly reducing the accuracy of downstream models. Thus, understanding such distribution shifts is critical for examining and hopefully mitigating the effect of such a shift. Most prior work has focused on either natively handling distribution shift (e.g., Domain Generalization) or merely detecting a shift while assuming any detected shift can be understood and handled appropriately by a human operator. For the latter, we hope to aid in these manual mitigation tasks by explaining the distribution shift to an operator. To this end, we suggest two methods: providing a set of interpretable mappings from the original distribution to the shifted one or providing a set of distributional counterfactual examples. We provide preliminary experiments on these two methods, and discuss important concepts and challenges for moving towards a better understanding of image-based distribution shifts.
Learning a common representation space between vision and language allows deep networks to relate objects in the image to the corresponding semantic meaning. We present a model that learns a shared Gaussian mixture re...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
Learning a common representation space between vision and language allows deep networks to relate objects in the image to the corresponding semantic meaning. We present a model that learns a shared Gaussian mixture representation imposing the compositionality of the text onto the visual domain without having explicit location supervision. By combining the spatial transformer with a representation learning approach we learn to split images into separately encoded patches to associate visual and textual representations in an interpretable manner. On variations of MNIST and CIFAR10, our model is able to perform weakly supervised object detection and demonstrates its ability to extrapolate to unseen combination of objects.
In this paper, we study deep transfer learning as a way of overcoming object recognition challenges encountered in the field of digital pathology. Through several experiments, we investigate various uses of pre-traine...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781538661000
ISBN:
(纸本)9781538661000
In this paper, we study deep transfer learning as a way of overcoming object recognition challenges encountered in the field of digital pathology. Through several experiments, we investigate various uses of pre-trained neural network architectures and different combination schemes with random forests for feature selection. Our experiments on eight classification datasets show that densely connected and residual networks consistently yield best performances across strategies. It also appears that network fine-tuning and using inner layers features are the best performing strategies, with the former yielding slightly superior results.
Honey fraud and adulteration are an increasing concern globally. Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning can detect adulterated honey within a known set of honey, where we have captured data at different sugar conc...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
Honey fraud and adulteration are an increasing concern globally. Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning can detect adulterated honey within a known set of honey, where we have captured data at different sugar concentrations. Previous work in this area has used a minimal number of honey types, as sample preparation and data capture is a time-consuming process. This paper develops a new approach using variational autoencoders (VAEs) for generating adulterated honey data for unseen honey types. The results show that the binary adulteration detector can achieve on average 81.3% accuracy on unseen honey types by adding the generated data to the existing training data. Without including the generated data while training, the classifier can only achieve 44% on unseen honey types.
We tackle here a specific, still not widely addressed aspect, of AI robustness, which consists of seeking invariance / insensitivity of model performance to hidden factors of variations in the data. Towards this end, ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
We tackle here a specific, still not widely addressed aspect, of AI robustness, which consists of seeking invariance / insensitivity of model performance to hidden factors of variations in the data. Towards this end, we employ a two step strategy that a) does unsupervised discovery, via generative models, of sensitive factors that cause models to under-perform, and b) intervenes models to make their performance invariant to these sensitive factors' influence. We consider 3 separate interventions for robustness, including: data augmentation, semantic consistency, and adversarial alignment. We evaluate our method using metrics that measure trade offs between invariance (insensitivity) and overall performance (utility) and show the benefits of our method for 3 settings (unsupervised, semi-supervised and generalization).
We present a key point-based activity recognition framework, built upon pre-trained human pose estimation and facial feature detection models. Our method extracts complex static and movement-based features from key fr...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
We present a key point-based activity recognition framework, built upon pre-trained human pose estimation and facial feature detection models. Our method extracts complex static and movement-based features from key frames in videos, which are used to predict a sequence of key-frame activities. Finally, a merge procedure is employed to identify robust activity segments while ignoring outlier frame activity predictions. We analyze the different components of our framework via a wide array of experiments and draw conclusions with regards to the utility of the model and ways it can be improved. Results show our model is competitive, taking the 11th place out of 27 teams submitting to Track 3 of the 2022 AI City Challenge.
Human risky behavior in driving is an important visual recognition problem. In this paper, we propose a multi-view temporal action localization system based on the grayscale video to achieve action recognition in natu...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665487399
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665487399
Human risky behavior in driving is an important visual recognition problem. In this paper, we propose a multi-view temporal action localization system based on the grayscale video to achieve action recognition in naturalistic driving. Specifically, we adopted SwinTransformer as feature extractor, and a single framework to detect boundary and class at the same time. Also, we improve multiple loss function for explicit constraints of embedded feature distributions. Our proposed framework achieves the overall F1 -score of 0.3154 on A2 dataset.
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